armed their souls with fortitude to meet it in the name of Virginia. Many who denied the justice of Secession and abhorred its leaders shrunk from the idea of fratricidal war, and bowed in acquiescence to a power which demanded blood, exile, or submission. Many continued to protest until their sons drew the sword and their daughters wore the colors of the Confederacy. It then appeared there were no Brutuses in Virginia. Perhaps it is fortunate for society that men of that type are scarce. knowledge his ignominy. His Jeannette, lately so tender and loving, now refused his hand in the dance, and, passing him with nose in air, bestowed her smiles and her bouquet upon some gallant rival with belt and buttons. Day after day he saw the baskets loaded with choice viands, roasted fowls, pickles, cakes, and potted sweetmeats, but not for him. Wherever he went there was a braiding of caps and coats, a gathering of flowers and weaving of wreaths, but none for him—no scented and embroidered handkerchiefs waved from carriage-windows as he rode by. The genial flood of social sym While there were still a few men found who stubbornly struggled against the sweeping cur-pathy upon which he had hitherto floated so rent, the women of all ages and conditions threw themselves into it without hesitation or reserve. Their voluble tongues discussed the great question as rationally and philosophically as might be expected under the circumstances, while their nimble fingers aided more intelligently in solving the problem of clothing and equipping the hastily levied defenders of "God's glory and Southern rights." THE HAVELOCK. Sewing societies were organized, and delicate hands which had never before engaged in ruder labor than the hemming of a ruffle now bled in the strife with gray jeans and tent cloth. Haversacks, knapsacks, caps, jackets, and tents were manufactured by hundreds and dozens. The gift most in vogue from a young lady to her favored knight was a head-dress imitated from those worn by the British troops in India and called a Havelock. Laden with musket, sabre, pistol, and bowie-knife, no youth considcred his armament complete unless he had one of these silly clouts stretched over his hat. Woe to the youth who did not need a Havelock; who, owing to natural indisposition or the prudent counsel of a father or a friend, hesitated to join the army of the South. The curse of Clan Alpin on those who should prove recreant to the sign of the fiery cross was mere dramatic noise compared with the curse that blighted his soul. His schoolmates and companions who had already donned "the gray" scarce concealed their scorn. His sisters, rallied, reproached, and pouted, blushing to ac blandly had left him stranded on the icy shore. Then come the cheering regiments with their drums and banners, the snorting squadrons of glossy prancing steeds, the jingling of knightly spurs, the stirring blast of the trumpets. There they went-companionship, love, life, glory, all sweeping by to Harper's Ferry! Alas! poor boy, what sense of duty or prudent counsels could hold him in the whirl of this moral maelstrom? What did he care for the vague terror of an indictment for treason, or the misty doctrine of Federal supremacy? What did he know of nationality beyond the circle of friends and kindred? What was his sneaking, apologetic, unsympathetic life worth after all? The very bondsman who held his horse as he mounted for his morning ride seemed to reproach him, as, touching his hat, he remarks, suggestively, "Young master, dis hoss of yourn is mighty proud and mettlesome -he would look fine in the cavalry." Very well; in two days-more or less-you might see young master in the cavalry, prancing gallantly with the rest of them, a Havelock flapping about his ears, spurs jingling on his heels, the light of manhood rekindled in his eye, and a fresh posy in his button-hole, atoning for his former hesitancy by distinguished zeal in the great cause. But according to my judgment the greater number of these young volunteers were moved neither by social pressure nor political prejudice. The all-pervading love of adventure and fighting instincts were the most successful recruiting officers of the occasion. For they had heard of battles, and had longed to follow to the field some warlike lord-so at the first roll of the drum they rushed cheerily from schoolhouse and office, counter and work-shop, field and fireside, earnest, eager, reckless fellows, marching with a free and vigorous step, sitting their horses like wild Pawnees, most admirable material for a rebellion, just as good soldiers for the Government if perchance the rub-a-dub of the Union drums had first aroused their martial ardor. Looming up behind and above this cloud of anarchic passion one can observe the powers that have assumed to direct the storm. The inner circle composed of the so-called statesmen of the South-the Lucifers of the republic-some engaged in devising curbs and bridles for this wild tornado, upon which they hoped to ride, | portunity of testing the hitherto unfathomable but which has already begun to alarm them; hospitality of this village. During the entire others luxuriating in visions of prospective empire, so vast and dazzling that the greatness of their present crime appears as nothing in comparison. They may be fairly likened to a boat's crew of adventurers drifting in the current of the upper Niagara-some with anxious faces hold the tiller, tug at the ropes, and turn the sails, while others with cheery shout point to the iridescent clouds that float over the verge of the impending cataract. As the season advanced the military preparations on either side approached completion, and the air was filled with rumors of movements from every quarter. Bridge-burning on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had already commenced, and a skirmishing warfare initiated all along the line of the upper Potomac between picket guards and independent zealots, who expended much ammunition and valor in firing at each other across the river. During the three or four weeks that this fighting continued I never heard of any one being hurt on the Virginia side, but, if any reliance can be placed on the reports brought into Charlestown, the slaughter on the Maryland bank must have been prodigious. day the whole population, white and black, devoted themselves to cooking and serving the soldiers. Of the ten or twelve thousand men that passed, covered with dust and devoured with the chronic hunger and thirst of marching armies, no man asked for meat, drink, or refreshment of any kind which was not cheerfully and gratuitously furnished him. The houses were thronged with officers, the curb-stones lined with soldiers resting under the shade trees, while men, women, and children were circulating among them offering refreshments to all. For that day, at least, all remembrance of political strife and division of sentiment was absorbed in the humane joy of ministering to the hungry wayfarer. Half the available young men of the county were marching with the army, and there was not a mother, wife, sister, or bright-eyed child whose hospitable service was not stimulated through the weary hours by the thought of a son, husband, brother, or father who had donned the gray and was marching to an uncertain future; not one whose heart did not swell with the voiceless prayer, "May the bread which I give to this stranger be returned to my dear one when he shall have need!" Although the leaders at Harper's Ferry kept their own counsel, their preparations afforded By sunset the army was gone and the town unmistakable evidence that they would evacu-quiet. They encamped for the night on Bul ate that place on the first advance of the na- Skin Run, about four miles on the road toward tional troops. What was clear to a military Winchester. During the day I had a full opeye was so little credited by the people of portunity of criticising the appearance and maCharlestown that those were bitterly denounced terial of this army. The infantry, despite its and menaced with arrest who ventured to ex- rags and dust, had a dangerous look. The press the opinion that Harper's Ferry would regiments from the Gulf States were apparentnot be held. A prominent and eccentric poli- ly of picked men. The Tenth Georgia (I think tician had once called it the "Thermopyla of it was), numbering eleven hundred, was the America," and thereafter the people of the vi- finest-looking regiment I ever saw. Looking cinity regarded Harper's Ferry as the impreg- along the line you were struck with the uninable bulwark of the State and the Southern formity of size and height, all healthy, athletic cause. So on the afternoon of the 14th of men, between the ages of twenty-five and thirJune, when the advanced brigade of Johnston's ty-five. In the Second Virginia and First army passed through Charlestown, announcing Maryland regiments there appeared, on the that the evacuation had actually commenced, contrary, to be many boys under size and unthere was the greatest consternation among der military age. the Secessionists, and a corresponding elevation of spirits among the loyal. Each regiment was followed by a gang of negro servants all bearing arms of some kind, June 15.-To-day the main body of John- and apparently as much interested in the cause ston's army passed through town, moving by as the whites. Men must be totally blinded the turnpike toward Winchester. The force by passion not to perceive the sinister significonsisted of fourteen regiments or organiza- cance of this servile armament. Is it to be tions of infantry, twenty-three pieces of artil- expected that after having become familiarized lery, and about six hundred cavalry under Col- with the license of camps and the excitement of onel J. E. B. Stuart, with a train of two hun- campaigning that these men will resume their dred and forty wagons. Including the brigade former lives of rural simplicity and contented which passed yesterday, the whole numbered bondage? Will the hand that has acquired the about twelve thousand men. The day was in- usage of pistol and sabre quietly take up the tensely hot and the roads dusty. The troops shovel and the hoe again at the bidding of a moved so deliberately that the column seemed master? This seems only an example of the to crawl rather than march. The halts were general fatuity-a war instituted ostensibly in also very frequent and long continued, so that defense of negro slavery, against the only power their passage through the village occupied the on earth which had the will and ability to insure whole day. its protection--a war which must inevitably deThis easy marching gave the army a fair op- stroy the institution it professes to defend. Johnston's artillery impressed me as being inferior both in guns and equipment; and it was manned chiefly by raw volunteers, who had had so far very little experience in handling the pieces. Pendleton's Battery was reputed the best drilled in the command. The cavalry, under Colonel J. E. B. Stuart, was admirably mounted, and better equipped according to its needs than any other arm. It was composed almost entirely of volunteers from the rural gentry and independent landholders of the country, who furnished their own horses, arms, and accoutrements. They generally appeared on picked animals, and armed with a greater variety of ordnance stores than was either needful or convenient-not omitting the Havelock obligé. These young fellows were bold and dashing riders, good shots, full of spirit and emulation, and promised, with experience and iron discipline, to constitute a formidable body of cavalry. The habits and opinions of the times, however, had developed in them that exaggerated individuality which would render the strict enforcement of discipline almost impossible, and they already had begun to exhibit decided Cossack tendencies. ing about to see what they could pick up, while hogs, dogs, and buzzards were disputing over the offal of the recent camps. The bridge over the Potomac was gone, the debris still burning where it had fallen between the piers. The machinery from the armory, except some very heavy pieces, was also gonesent to Richmond, I was told, and followed by a number of the artisans with their families. Some of those who had taken refuge in Maryland during the rebel occupation were already returning in boats to rejoin their families, who awaited them at the landing in Harper's Ferry. A considerable number of men, women, and children were collected, when a young girl came running at full speed, and, all rosy and flustered, whispered some startling tidings. There was a sudden scattering of the adult males who had recently landed, some disappearing in adjacent sewers and cellars, while others hastily took the boats and paddled back to Maryland. It had been rumored that Ashby's cavalry had appeared on Bolivar Heights; but this, it seems, was without foundation. Disappointed at not finding the National army here we returned home to Charlestown. Here we heard that Patterson's army had crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, and was advancing on Martinsburg, while Johnston had suddenly wheeled about at Bunker's Hill, and was hurrying to attack the Federals on the Martinsburg turnpike. General Johnston himself appeared in plain citizen's dress, with common round hat, his deportment and manner altogether as unostentatious as his dress. His person seemed to be rather under the medium size, erect, vigorous, with a military whisker and a handsome face. It required no imagination, however, to see through this unimposing exterior the leading attributes which the world characterizes as sol-ness the battle, and feeling confident of the dedierly. As the army broke camp at Harper's Ferry the railroad bridge over the Potomac was blown up and burned. The wooden bridge at Shepherdstown was burned the night previous. Those at Berlin and Point of Rocks went several days before, as did the viaducts at Opequan and Martinsburg. June 17.-The news of yesterday being confirmed by couriers this morning, I mounted my horse and rode to Martinsburg, hoping to wit feat of the rebels. During my ride of sixteen miles I did not meet a human being on the roads, generally much frequented. When in sight of Martinsburg I met some market people coming out who informed me that the United States army was within two miles of town advancing, and the Southern army had just passed through to meet them. Expecting at each moment to hear the opening cannon, I accelerated my movements, and on entering the main street perceived it was deserted, and the houses closed. A few moments after I saw a body of Confederate cavalry, with a splendid tri-barred flag, wheel in from the Winchester road, and push rapidly in the direction of Williamsport. A friend here informed me that the National army was still reported at Falling Water, eight miles distant, while Johnston with his main body lay between Bunker Hill and Winchester. The only rebel troops which had yet appeared in Martinsburg were the cavalry I had seen-a body about three hundred and fifty strong under Stuart, which had gone for As we sat upon the porch enjoying the evening coolness a squad of infantry, which had been on picket duty somewhere, was passing by to overtake its regiment. They were talking earnestly among themselves, roundly damning their bad luck, and accusing certain officers of favoritism. "If," said one, "there is a bridge to be burned, or shops to be blown up, or any other fun going on, we are sent out on picket, and are never allowed a chance." This was voted a grievous wrong, and their further murmurings died away in the distance. It was a very fair exhibit of the animus which led many of these young patriots into the rebellion. June 16, Sunday.—Accompanied by some friends I visited Harper's Ferry to-day, hop-ward to reconnoitre. Betwixt hope and impaing to find it occupied by the Union troops. tience the evening passed away, and we went On Bolivar Heights we found seven heavy guns to bed at length, expecting to find the town which had been abandoned, the pieces spiked occupied by the National army on awakening. and choked, the carriages burned, and a quan- June 18.-Every thing quiet as the grave last tity of ammunition scattered over the hill-side. night. I walked up street, and found the citThe whole place was in a state of filthy deso-izens in a state of great excitement, with varylation. A few meagre mountaineers were stroll- ing reports from the front. Country folks who had seen them represented the Federal hosts as glittering with Assyrian splendor, covering the whole land with their numbers. Some affirmed that they were sweeping crops and dwellings from the face of the earth, sparing neither age nor sex. While others gave more reasonable accounts, insisting that they treated the inhabitants with great civility and paid for all they took. The Union people were on the streets and at the windows, hungry with impatience, and scarcely able to restrain themselves in presence of the Confederate troopers, some squads of whom still occupied the town. The feeling among the women was intense, as the young men of Martinsburg were about equally divided between the adverse armies. Toward mid-day came the astounding and mortifying intelligence that the Union army was falling back. An hour later tidings came that they were actually recrossing at Williamsport. About sunset Colonel Stuart with his cavalry returned, reporting that they had swept the Yankee invaders from the sacred soil. Bewildered and humiliated I returned to the house of my friends. As we stood upon the sidewalk the triumphant troop rode by, and the political status of the family being a matter of public notoriety, three cheers for Jeff Davis were called and given with unction. The column having reached the end of the street countermarched, and on repassing gave three awful groans for Abe Lincoln. It was quite evident that the troop had made an unnecessary detour and indulged in this yelping demonstration for the express purpose of insulting the loyalty of the venerable patriot around whom we were RUINS OF RAILROAD BRIDGE, HARPER'S FERRY. grouped. Then in his eighty-second year, the high social position, stainless character, and comprehensive intellect of PHILIP C. PENDLETON had hitherto commanded the respect and reverence of all who approached him. If the chivalric Colonel Stuart, who rode at the head of this troop, could have witnessed the serene smile, or have heard the expression of benignant pity which this coarse demonstration elicited, I will do him the justice to believe he would have blushed. To the rest of us it was a dark closing to a day which had dawned so hopefully; but we swallowed the dirt, which was our portion I trust, with becoming resignation, and then, with undying faith in the speedy reassertion of Federal supremacy over our land, we turned into the house and spent the remainder of the evening at a cheerful game of backgammon. June 19.-I returned to my family at Charlestown. While these exciting events occupied the public mind certain civic humanitarians were carrying on an entertaining and somewhat peculiar by-play in Jefferson. It was reported that during the halt of the army on Bull Skin Run three of the soldiers had died, and were buried by their comrades in a very hasty manner. Indeed some visitors from the adjoining county of Clarke said this sacred office had been so slightingly performed that portions of the bodies were visible above ground, and they would in all likelihood become a prey to hogs and dogs if the neglect was not speedily remedied. This story circulated, and, to the honor of the community, caused a great deal of horror and some indignation; but as the weather was suffocating, and it was nobody's especial business, nothing was done. The Berryvillians were disgusted, and insisted that if the people of Jefferson had no more respect for themselves than to suffer this stain upon their humanity, the people of Clarke would invade their county sovereignty and give decent burial to the patriot soldiers. The Jeffersonians yawned and intimated that their neighbors were meddlesome. These retorted by saying that people who would leave the bodies of their defenders a prey to swine were not much better than Abolitionists and Yankees. Aroused at length, the Jeffersonians took immediate steps to vindicate themselves from so foul an imputation. Three neat coffins, with decent grave-clothes, were forthwith prepared and placed in a light wagon. The undertaker, grave-digger, and clergyman mounted beside them, departed to fulfill their worthy mission. The heat was intense, the dust suffocating, but the missionaries were resolute. Arriving in the vicinity of the late encampment they inquired at all the farm-houses for information concerning the locality of the bodies, but to their surprise no one could tell them precisely. The greater part of the day was consumed in going from house to house, vainly seeking for some one who could guide them to the spot. Every body had heard of the story, and every body had some new circumstance of horror to add to it. They visited every grave-yard, public and private, within a circuit of several miles, without finding a grave under twenty years of age. Wearied, vexed, and somewhat mystified they were on the point of giving up the search when, about sunset, an old negro told them he had seen the soldiers burying something in a corn-field at the end of the meadow. Having a superstitious dread of dead people he had not dared to approach the place, but, stimulated by a fee, he led them to the spot. pitiful and revolting sight! they beheld portions of the dead men's clothes appearing among the hastily turned clods. Men were not accustomed to such sights in those days. In solemn silence the coffins were lifted from the wagon, opened, and laid in order side by side. Three decent graves were dug with much toil and sweat, the old negro assisting. These arrangements completed, the attendants drew near with pick and shovel to exhume the bodies. The moment was impressive and painful. The minister took off his hat and stood with book in hand, prepared to read the Burial-Service, prefaced by some extemporaneous remarks which he had thought over as they rode along, setting forth the awfulness of death under circumstances like the present. A few turns of pick and shovel revealed, not three festering corpses, but three empty Confederate uniforms, ragged, filthy, and all alive. An exclamation of surprise, a gesture of disgust, and the coffins were quickly hustled into the wagon, and the burial party trotted back to Charlestown; not sadder, perhaps, but wiser men than they had gone forth in the morning. The Secessionists perceiving that the National troops hesitated to advance, and that Johnston's retrograde from Harper's Ferry was not to be looked upon as a retreat, again took heart and became more offensive than ever in their demonstrations. Wearied and disgusted with the tardy progress of events, I determined to return with my family to the Berkeley Springs. The accustomed mode of travel by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was now completely broken up, and a tedious trip of two days by the ordinary country roads was before us. On the 20th of June we started for Martinsburg. I on horseback, my family in a carriage under the guardianship of a friend who kindly volunteered to accompany us, it being considered unsafe to trust a servant alone with the horses in these troublesome and uncertain times. As we approached Martinsburg late in the afternoon we heard a strange singing and screaming in the air which resembled the notes of a gigantic Eolian. These sounds grew more distinct and definite as we advanced, and still nearer the town we perceived immense columns of black smoke rolling up between us and the setting sun, and tinging the whole landscape with a coppery hue. As these clouds rose from the direction of the railroad shops it was easy to imagine their origin; but the accompanying sounds were unaccountable, until, turning into one of the lower streets of the town, a scene was suddenly presented to us which more resembled a dream of Dante's Inferno than an exhibition of real life. Jackson's brigade were performing a grand "auto da fe" upon the rolling-stock of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The fore-ground of the picture was occupied by a ruin of classic There, near the brook, hey saw the fresh form and beauty-that of the pillared viaduct turned earth of three shallow graves, each which had been destroyed some weeks before. marked by a rude stone at its head; and there, | On the open space in front of the work-shops |