With blossom and shoot in the warm spring

Oxford. The lines which Browning has GERMANS AS HUNS (12 S. iii. 383, quoted, with a modified punctuation and 427).-Probably it was Mr. Rudyard Kipwith the fourth line omitted, are these :— ling who brought into vogue the name Hun Ivy and Violet what do ye here, for German. His poem "The Rowers,' which appeared in The Times of Dec. 22,. 1902, was written concerning the joint attack made by English and German cruisers on Venezuela in December, 1902. The following stanzas are particularly interesting now :—

weather?

Hiding the arms of Monchenci and Vere
On the lonely gate ye are met together.
EDWARD BENSLY.

[E. W. also thanked for reply.]

JAN WEENIX (12 S. iii. 506).—Through the courtesy of MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE, I have been enabled to consult the pages of 'Painters and their Works,' by Ralph N. James (L. Upcott Gill, 1897). The book contains much valuable information as to the pictures by Jan Weenix and by his father, Jan Baptist Weenix ; also a specimen of the former's signature to his many canvases, with records of sales by auction of the productions of both artists. Jan so closely followed the style of his father and instructor, Mr. James tells us, that it is sometimes difficult to decide by which of them a picture was executed." This is a pity, and involves much research. CECIL CLARKE.

Junior Athenæum Club.

ADMIRAL VAN TROMP'S ENGLISH DESCENDANTS (12 S. iii. 478, 520).-Capt. Usher Tyrrell of Jamaica, formerly of St. Kitts, by a daughter of Admiral Van Tromp had a son and heir John Tyrrell, a planter in 1738. William Van Tromp Tyrrell of Stockbridge, Hants, sometime of Jamaica, died Mar. 25, 1837, aged 75. V. L. OLIVER.

Alderman H. J. Van Trump is the present Mayor of Taunton, and not for the first time. He has collar factories in Taunton and Bridgwater. WEST SOMERSET.

STALLIONS AT FUNERALS (12 S. iii. 505).— The reason stallions are used at funerals in England is twofold.

In the first place, the horses used are the black Dutch horses (the same as black or dun-coloured are used for State occasions by the English royal family). This breed of horses looks best when stallions are used, they being fuller in body and larger, and the breed is so quiet that stallions are no trouble to drive.

Secondly, and probably the chief reason why they are used in funerals, the stallions of all breeds are the only horses which are pure black. A gelded black horse turns a rusty brown. WALTER WINANS. Carlton Hotel, Pall Mall, S.W.1.

Last night ye swore our voyage was done,
But seaward still we go;

And ye tell us now of a secret vow
Ye have made with an open foe!

Of evil times that men could choose
On evil fate to fall,

What brooding Judgment let ye loose
To pick the worst of all?

In sight of peace-from the Narrow Seas
O'er half the world to run-
With a cheated crew, to league anew

With the Goth and the shameless Hun!
It should perhaps be noted that the
Germans whom Byron called "Huns
Austrians :—

were

....the Huns opening all letters. I wonder if they can read them when they have opened them; if so, they may see in my MOST LEGIBLE HAND, THAT I THINK THEM DAMNED SCOUNDRELS AND BARBARIANS, and THEIR EMPEROR a FOOL, and themselves more fools than he; all which Moore's Letters and Journals of Lord Byron," they may send to Vienna for anything I care.' Letter 400.

"Letters opened?'-to be sure they are, and that's the reason why I always put in my opinion of the German Austrian scoundrels."-Letter 412. Byron uses the name Hun" in the paragraph preceding Letter 423.

66

Under date Jan. 12, 1821, he expresses a liking for Germans, after reading and translating some of their writings, and remembering what he has seen on the Rhine of the country and people :

66

all, except the Austrians, whom I abhor, loathe and I cannot find words for my hate of them, and should be sorry to find deeds correspondent to my hate; for I abhor cruelty more than I abhor the Austrians."

out at night by both sides on important for wordbookers we find an APPENDIX. traffic points. Crossroads in particular Terms of Art, and Hard Words, that may come in for the Boches' and our own night be met with in this Work, Explained." Here hate." I have always heard it used in the we note the following:future tense : There will be," &c.

If the expression is pre-war in use, it is probably borrowed from some melodrama, and merely refers to highwaymen.

F. M. M.

It is a mock-heroic expression which has taken the fancy of the public, like "Once aboard the lugger, and the girl is mine!

or

"Terms of Carving now in Use.-Leach that Brawn. Break that Deer. Lift that Swan. Break that Goose. Sauce that Capon. Spoil that Hen. Frust that Chicken. Unbrace that Mallard. Unlace that Coney. Dismember that Hern. Disfigure that Peacock. Display that Crane. Untach that Curlue. Unjoint that Bittern. Allay that Pheasant. Wing that Quail. Mince that Plover. Wing that Partridge. Border that Pasty. Thigh that Woodcock: And the Word in Carving proper to all manner of Small Birds is to Thigh them."

Then follow instructions how each of these anatomies is to be done. Who was that

"The man that would lift his hand against a woman, save in the way of affection," &c. It came out of one of Walter Melville's clever melodramas at the Lyceum -either The Girl who took the Wrong J. H.? Turning' or No. Wedding Bells for Him.' WILLIAM BULL.

House of Commons.

EDWARD S. DODGSON.

C. RYOKWAERTS (12 S. iii. 448, 489).— The Dutch translation (MR. PEDDIE'S NO. 1) appears to have been made from the 'General Historien' of Adam Henriepetri, LL.D., of Basle, published at Basle in 1577 according to the British Museum Catalogue, or in 1576 according to De Wind's Bibliotheek der Nederlandsche Geschiedschrijvers' (Middelburg, 1835) at pp. 269-72 and 562. This 'General Historien' is in High German.

The French translation of 1582 (MR. PEDDIE'S No. 2) is said to have been made by Theophilus, D.L., whom the B.M. Catalogue identifies with Carl Ryckewaert.

PEDDIE'S NO. 3) is in black-letter, and carries The English translation of 1583 (MR. the history down to 1581.

According to De Wind, there was a second Dutch edition published at "Nortvvicq " in 1581.

De Wind also says that Petrus Burmannus the younger deals with the book in his Analecta Belgica,' published in 1772, but a hasty glance through the two volumes failed to reveal the passage.

'SIR WALTER SCOTT AND HIS LITERARY FRIENDS AT ABBOTSFORD' (12 S. iii. 477).

In the British Museum, and in the Bodleian Library, there is "The Family-In Pen and Pencil, Aug. 6, 1887, is a copy of Dictionary; or, Houshold Companion :.... By J. H. London, Printed for H. Rhodes, at the Star, the Corner of Bride-lane, in Fleetstreet, 1695." The pages have no numbering. Among other details of value

this engraving with a key to the names. I quote from that periodical the names which L. A. W. requires. The three figures seated at the table to the left of Thomas Moore are Archibald Constable, James

Ballantyne, and Thomas Thomson (at the
end of the table). The three figures stand-
ing up are Sir William Allan, Sir David
Wilkie, and Sir Humphry Davy (examining
a sword). The figure in front of the table,
facing round three-quarters, is Thomas
Campbell; and the figure wearing- Hessian
boots and stroking his chin is Sir Adam
Ferguson. There are seventeen figures in
the picture.
JOHN PATCHING.

6

born at Chatham in 1789; studied at Edinburgh University; M.D. 1813; L.C.P. London, 1819. He lived at 4 Aldermansbury Postern about 1820-24, and lectured at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1825; died at the Oaks, Plumstead Common, Oct. 24, 1866, aged 77. He published the Bible referred to in 1841, the title-page of which runs, The Holy Bible, containing the Authorized Version, with 20,000 emendations'; it was printed by John Childs & If L. A. W. will consult The Homes and Son, Bungay, for Longman, Brown & Co., Haunts of Sir Walter Scott, Bart.,' by 1841. In the preface the editor mentions George G. Napier (Glasgow, MacLehose, about 300 authorities from whose works 1897, pp. 174-5), he will there see a photo-his emendations have been derived. gravure of this picture, and a complete list People's Edition" was published in 1843. of the portraits. A similar list will also be There are copies of both in the British found in a work entitled Abbotsford,' Museum and in the library of the British painted by William Smith, jun., described and Foreign Bible Society. by W. S. Crockett (London, A. & C. Black, ARCHIBALD SPARKE. 1905, pp. 80-81).

The eight portraits he wants named are: Tom Campbell, sitting opposite to Thomas Moore; Constable and Ballantyne, the two printers, both sitting; Allan and Wilkie, the painters, and Sir Humphry Davy (examining a sword), all three standing; Sir Adam Ferguson (in Hessian boots, sitting); and on the extreme left of the picture Thomas (Hugh) Thompson (sitting). Napier calls the last-named Hugh Thompson, while Crockett refers to him as Thomas Thompson; but Thomson seems the better spelling. J. CLARKE HUDSON.

Thornton, Horncastle.

A

PEERAGES: THEIR SALE (12 S. iii. 479).— A definite example of the purchase of a peerage in the reign of James I. is that of John Holles, who for 10,000l. was created Baron Holles of Haughton in 1616, and Earl of Clare at a later date for an additional payment of 5,000l. See Prof. C. H. Firth's life of John Holles in the D.N.B.,' and S. R. Gardiner's History of England,' vol. ii. chap. xxi., where Sir John Roper's title of Lord Teynham is also said to have cost 10,000%. References to authorities will be found in these two places.

On p. 294 of The Memoirs of Ann, [F. H. and MR. W. E. WILSON also thanked for Lady Fanshawe' (1907), the editor has the replies.] following note :

CONQUEST'S VERSION OF THE BIBLE (12 S. iii. 478).-W. S. inquires as to a Bible published about the middle of last century by a Dr. George Conquest. I think W. S. must be referring to a Bible published by Dr. John Tricker Conquest. Of this Bible, which contained 20,000 emendations, two editions were issued: the first (16mo) in 1841, the second (8vo) in 1848. Dr. J. T. Conquest was a noted man-midwife of the time, and it was popularly said that those practitioners could be divided into two classes: those who enlivened the period of waiting for the infant by ribald stories, and those who did so by pious exhortations and Scriptural quotations. I fancy Dr. J. T. Conquest must have belonged to the latter class.

"A somewhat lurid light upon the honours of these days is thrown by a letter of Sir Thomas this occasion [the coronation of Charles I.], in Fanshawe of Jenkins to Christopher Hatton on which the uncle writes openly that there are 120 earls, viscounts, and barons to make, and that ready money will be accepted for these, and desires to know his nephew's wishes in the in 1643 was, doubtless, largely in recognition of matter. The peerage conferred on Sir Christopher the considerable sums advanced by him to King Charles I."

EDWARD BENSLY.

S.

STATUE AS WATER-FOUNTAIN (12 iii. 478, 521).-At the second reference four contributors point to the Mannekin at Brussels as probably the statue sought by H. K. ST J. S. The Mannikin, however, does but partially answer the description given by the querist. He has in memory, W. S. is in error in calling this man George. in a German or Italian town, a statue He is John Tricker Conquest (single figure or group) used as a public Museum Catalogue styles him John Trickey fountain ; and he has a faint impression under both his name and Bible). He was of four Cupids." These recollections are

S. D. CLIPPINGDALE, M.D.

(British

more fully met by the Jugendbrunnen and even "inferior." It was used in Wales, opposite the Bride's Door on the north side long before regular surnames were used, to of St. Lawrence's Church at Nuremberg. distinguish between men of the same ChrisThis Fountain of the Virtues has six female tian name, if one of them was in any respect figures "welche aus ihren Brüsten Wasser secondary as compared with the other. The spenden (I quote from a guide-book), English form Vaughan has taken the place and above them six boys are blowing of the Welsh form Fychan altogether, and trumpets, from which also issue jets of it is a very common surname in Wales. water. There must be many instances of statues used as fountains. K. S.

I think there is at Nuremberg a lead or bronze figure of a boy which answers H. K. ST. J. S.'s description. I cannot, however, find a description of it in Baedeker's 'South Germany' which enables me to identify it. F. D. HARFORD.

THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER'S CLIMBING BOYS (12 S. iii. 347, 462).-Members of the Society of Friends took much interest in the condition of boys employed in sweeping chimneys, and there is quite a body of Quaker literature on the subject preserved in this library.

Mrs. Ann Alexander of York wrote 'Facts relative to the State of Children who are employed as Climbing Boys,' 1817; and Dr. John Walker of London wrote a Letter to the Members of the Society formed for the Suppression of the Inhuman Practice of employing Young Children to sweep Chimneys,' 1828. James Montgomery, the poet (not a Quaker), took an interest in the subject, as did Hannah Kilham, the Quaker missionary to West Africa.

Other information will be gladly given on application. NORMAN PENNEY.

Friends' Reference Library,

136 Bishopsgate, E.C.2.

In Act Book No. 10 of the Chamber of the Exeter Corporation (fol. 50) is the entry on July 4, 1654:

66

Welch or Welsh is of course English both in form and origin, though a family bearing it must have originally been of Welsh nationality, or thought to be so. T. LLECHID JONES.

ST. CASSIAN AND ST. NICHOLAS (12 S. iii. 473).-As to St. Cassian, or Cassyon, in the fourth century Bishop of Orta in North Africa, and subsequently of Autun, whose festival was observed on Aug. 5, see Miss F. Arnold-Forster's Studies in Church Dedications,' vol. i. pp. 437-8: His one and only dedication in England is at ChaddesleyCorbett in Worcestershire."

There is a hamlet in the Abteithal in the Tyrol called St. Cassian or Armentarola. JOHN B WAINEWRIGHT.

SIGNBOARDS AND SHOP DEVICES (12 S. iii. 446, 517).-There was a long article by Mr. M. H. Spielmann on the signs of London booksellers of Shakespeare's time in The Times Literary Supplement of Oct. 11 and Oct. 18, 1917, and Jan. 4, 1918.

DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

Two most interesting articles on 'Inn Signs and Brackets' (July, 1894) and The Heraldry of Signs and Signboards' (October, 1894) were published in The Reliquary for the months named,

Wм. M. DODSON. [MR. HOWARD S. PEARSON also thanked for reply.]

ARRESTING A CORPSE (12 S. iii. 444, 489).

Mr. Henry Prigge is intreated by this house to write to a freind of his in London to gett-Among the items in my collection of downe an able and fitt person for a chimney sweeper to continue here; and it is agreed that a pension of 31. per annum shalbe paid unto him quarterly for his honest and carefull service within this Citty."

E. LEGA-WEEKES.

VAUGHN AND WELCH AS SURNAMES (12 S. iii. 418, 457).-The first of these is well known in old documents as one of the abbreviated written forms of the surname Vaughan. This surname is distinctly Welsh in origin, but English in form. It is an old English effort to write the Welsh Fychan, meaning" small " primarily, and secondarily, in this connexion, younger or "junior,"

Hertfordshire topography I find the following, which is, I believe, a cutting from The Gentleman's Magazine of June, 1784 :

"June 12.-In the evening, as Sir Barnard Turner was riding to town from Tottenham, his horse took fright and threw him with such

violence against the shafts of a chaise, that his He was conveyed home and was attended by left leg and thigh were much wounded by it.... three surgeons, but died early this morning."

"June 19.-At noon the corpse of the late Sir Barnard Turner, Bart., was carried in great military pomp from his house at Paul's Wharf, Hertfordshire. The procession was intended to for interment at Therfield, near Royston in have moved at ten o'clock, but the body having been arrested, it was detained near two hours