UNFINISHED BUSINESS.

After the hour under the preceding clause shall have been occupied, it shall be in order to proceed to the consideration of the unfinished business in which the House may have been engaged at an adjournment, and at the same time each day thereafter, other than the first and third Mondays, until disposed of; and it shall be in order to proceed to the consideration of all other unfinished business whenever the class of business to which it belongs shall be in order.-Clause 6, RULE XXIV.

After six days from the commencement of a second or subsequent session of any Congress, all bills, resolutions, and reports which originated in the House, and remained undetermined at the close of the last preceding session, shall be in order for action, and all business before committees of the House at the end of one session shall be resumed at the commencement of the next session of the same Congress in the same manner as if no adjournment had taken place-RULE XXVII.

The unfinished business at an adjournment, if from a committee having a special assignment of a day to report, must go over to be disposed of on the next day assigned to said committee under the rules.-Journal 1, 44, p. 860.

The rule as to unfinished business applies also to Committees of the Whole, except that revenue and general appropriation bills would take precedence over any bill that had been previously considered.-See clause 8, RULE XXIII.

Under the practice of the House, the operation of the previous question has the effect of bringing a proposition pending at the last adjournment immediately before the House after the reading of the Journal on the following day.

In all other cases, except where it has been made a "special order" or is privileged, a proposition pending at an adjournment goes in to the order of "unfinished business."

VETO.

Where a bill, having passed both houses, shall be presented to the President of the United States, "if he approve he shall

sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the Journal of each house, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.-Const., 1, 7; 2, 5.

A similar provision is made in the case of orders, resolutions, or votes presented to the President for his approval.-Ibid., 1, 7; 2,5.

Whenever a bill is returned to the House with the objections of the President, it is usual to have the message containing his objections immediately read-Journals, 1, 28, pp. 1081, 1084; 1, 29, pp. 1209, 1214; 2, 33, pp. 397, 411; 1, 34, p. 1420-and for the House to proceed to the reconsideration of the bill-Ibid.—or to postpone its consideration for a future day.—Ibid., 1, 21, p. 742. But not where less than a quorum is present.-Ibid., 3, 34, p. 1841. A veto message and a bill may be referred, or the message alone, and the bill may be laid on the table.-Journal, 2, 27, pp. 1253, 1254, 1256, 1257; Cong. Globe, same sess., p. 875.

The main question in the consideration of a vetoed bill is, "Will the House on reconsideration agree to pass the bill?" -Journals, 2, 27, p. 1051; 1, 28, p. 1085; 1, 29, p. 1218.

The "two-thirds" by which a vetoed bill is required to be approved before it becomes a law has been construed in both houses to mean "two-thirds of the members present."—Journal, 1, 34, pp. 1176, 1178, 1420 (in all of which cases one hundred and fifty-six affirmative votes would have been necessary to pass the bills if "two-thirds of the members elected" had been required), and Senate Journal 1, 34, p. 419.

A motion to proceed to the consideration of a vetoed bill, with the objections of the President, is a privileged question under the Constitution.-Cong. Globe, 2, 27, p. 905; 2, 28, p. 396; Journal, 1, 49, p. 2397.

A vote on the passage of a vetoed bill cannot be reconsidered.-Cong. Globe, 1, 28, pp. 672, 677; Journal, same sess., p. 1093-1098.

A motion to discharge a committee from the further consideration of a veto message is a privileged question.-Journal, 1, 49, p. 2397.

Whenever a bill, order, resolution, or vote is returned by the President with his objections, and on being reconsidered is agreed to be passed, and is approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and thereby becomes a law, or takes effect, it shall be received by the Secretary of State from the President of the Senate, or Speaker of the House of Representatives, in whichsoever house it shall last have been approved, and he shall carefully preserve the originals.-Laws, 2, 43, p. 294.

Where the President does not approve a bill, and is prevented by the adjournment of Congress from returning it with his objections, it is usual for him to inform the house wherein it originated, at the next session, of his reasons for not approving it.-Journals, 2, 12, p. 544; 1, 30, p. 82; 2, 35, p. 151. (See also PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.)

VIGNETTES.

(See PORTRAITS.)

VIVA VOCE.

(See RULE III.)

VOTERS, QUALIFICATIONS OF.

The following table or statement of the requirements in the several States of the Union touching suffrage is given as a matter of interest:

Under the Constitution of the United States "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the

States wherein they reside"; and "no State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." In all the States the right of suffrage is limited to male citizens twenty-one years of age, except that in Colorado, Massachusetts, and a few other States women are permitted to vote at school district elections. There is a great lack of uniformity in the suffrage laws of the several States, as the following will show:

ALABAMA. The voter must be a citizen, or have declared his intention to become a citizen; must have been in the State one year, in the county three months, and in the voting precinct one month. Indians, idiots, and men convicted of crime can not vote.

ARKANSAS. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except Indians, idiots, and criminals, may vote after a residence of one year in the State, six months in the county, and one month in the voting precinct. Registration is prohibited, as being a bar to suffrage. CALIFORNIA. Only actual citizens can vote, after having been one year in the State, ninety days in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required by law; and Chinese, Indians, idiots, and convicts are excluded.

COLORADO. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, may vote after a residence of six months in the State, persons in prison only being excluded. Registration is required by the constitution.

CONNECTICUT. Actual citizens, except those unable to read and convicts, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county and voting precinct. Registration is required by law.

DELAWARE. Actual county tax-payers, except convicts, the insane, paupers, and idiots, may vote after a residence of one year in the State and one month in the county.

FLORIDA. Citizens of the United States, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except betters on elections, duelists, idiots, the insane, and criminals, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county. Registration is required by the constitution.

GEORGIA. Actual citizens, except non-tax-payers, criminals, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county.

ILLINOIS. Actual citizens, except convicts, may vote after a residence of one year in the State and ninety days in the county and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required by law.

INDIANA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention so to become, except fraudulent voters and bribers, may vote after a residence of

six months in the State, sixty days in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct.

IOWA. Actual citizens, except criminals, idiots, and the insane, may vote after a residence of six months in the State and sixty days in the county. Registration is required by law.

KANSAS. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except rebels, convicts, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required in cities only.

KENTUCKY. Under the State law free white male citizens, except convicts, can vote after a residence of two years in the State, one year in the county, and sixty days in the voting precinct; but the exclusion of colored citizens being in conflict with the Federal Constitution, the law the suffrage to white citizens is of no effect.

miting

LOUISIANA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except criminals, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State, six months in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct.

MAINE. Actual citizens, except paupers, and Indians not taxed, may vote after a residence of three months in the State. Registration is required. MARYLAND. Actual citizens, except criminals, those guilty of bribery, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county. Registration is required.

MASSACHUSETTS. Citizens, except paupers, illiterates, non-tax-payers, and persons under guardians, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MICHIGAN. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention of becoming such, except duelists, can vote after a residence of three months in the State and ten days in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MINNESOTA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except convicts, lunatics, and idiots, can vote after a residence of four months in the State and ten days in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MISSOURI. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except United States soldiers, paupers, criminals, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and sixty days in the county. Registration is required in cities only.

MISSISSIPPI. Actual citizens, except criminals, idiots, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and one month in the county. Registration is required.

NEBRASKA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention of becoming so, except United States soldiers, convicts, and idiots, can vote after a residence of six months in the State. Registration is required.

NEVADA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention so to become, except criminals, idiots, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and thirty days in the county. Registration is required.