THE NEW INTERNATIONAL EDITORS DANIEL COIT GILMAN, LL. D. PRESIDENT OF JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY (1876–1901) AFTERWARDS PRESIDENT OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON HARRY THURSTON PECK, PH. D., L. H. D. PROFESSOR IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY FRANK MOORE COLBY, M. A. LATE PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY VOLUME V LIBRARY OF THE OF CALIFORNIA NEW YORK DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY 1911 Copyright, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910 BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY All rights reserved PRESSWORK BY The UniverSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. BINDING BY BOSTON BOOK BINDING CO., CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. AE5 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION. as in ale, fate. Also see ĕ, below. senate, chaotic. Also see ĕ, below. 66 D as in the Spanish Almodovar, pulgada, where it is nearly like th in English then, this. g G 66 H K go, get. "the German Landtag, and ch in Feuerbach, buch; where it is a guttural sound made with the back part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate, as in the sound made in clearing the throat. as j in the Spanish Jijona, g in the Spanish gila; where it is a fricative somewhat resembling the sound of h in English hue or y in yet, but stronger. hw" wh in which. "ch in the German ich, Albrecht, and g in the German Arensberg, Mecklen burg; where it is a fricative sound made between the tongue and the hard palate toward which the tongue is raised. It resembles the sound of h in hue, or y in yet; or the sound made by beginning to pronounce a k, but not completing the stoppage of the breath. The character K is also used to indicate the rough aspirates or fricatives of some of the Oriental languages, as of kh in the word Khan. as in sinker, longer. sing, long. n ng 46 66 "the French bon, Bourbon, and m in the French Etampes; where it is equivalent to a nasalizing of the preceding vowel. This effect is approximately produced by attempting to pronounce onion' without touching the tip of the tongue to the roof of the mouth. The corresponding nasal of Portuguese is also indicated by N, as in the case of São Antão. "shine, shut. "thrust, thin. "then, this. zh as z in azure, and s in pleasure. An apostrophe ['] is sometimes used to denote a glide or neutral connecting vowel, as in tā'b'l (table), kāz'm (chasm). Otherwise than as noted above, the letters used in the respellings for pronunciation are to receive their ordinary English sounds. When the pronunciation is sufficiently shown by indicating the accented syllables, this is done without respelling; as in the case of very common English words, and words which are so spelled as to insure their correct pronunciation if they are correctly accented. See the article on PRONUN CIATION. |