Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, Volumen1

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Columbia University Press, 1891

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Contenido

Between Catholics and nonCatholics
29
30 Affecting the expense of divorce
30
Introducing uniformity in Switzerland
31
Restricting marriage
32
Among the several states
37
33 Summary of results
61
CAUSES AND REMEDY 34 Basis and character of conclusions 35 Two conceptions of marriage
62
36 The popularization of
63
Laxity in changing and administering the
64
Age of marriage
65
The emancipation of women
66
Growth of cities 41 Increase of industrialism
68
The spread of discontent
70
Two ideals of the family
71
THE HISTORY OF TARIFF ADMINISTRATION IN THE UNITED
The remedy
44
61
61
62
62
88
152
THE HISTORY OF MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP OF LAND ON MAN
163
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
68
68
70
70
71
71
72
72
THE FINANCIAL HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS FROM THE ORGAN
121
INTRODUCTION
ii
Massachusetts in History
11
Periods of Financial History 12
12
THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY 3 Beginnings of Massachusetts 13
13
The Massachusetts Company 14
14
The Genesis of the Taxing Power 15
15
The Development of Taxation 16
16
The Property Tax 17
17
Taxpayers Exemptions 19
19
INFLUENCE OF LEGISLATION ON DIVORCE
21
The United Colonies 22
22
Efforts toward Improvement 23
23
Further Reforms 25
25
Attempts at Equalization 26
26
Rate and Rates 27
27
The Polltax 29
29
The Reduplication of the Polltax 30
30
The Faculties Tax 31
31
Indirect Taxes 32
32
173
33
The Systemization of Imposts 34
34
Treasurers Records 35
35
The Laxity of Officials 37
37
Administrative Paralysis 38
38
A Treasurers Troubles 40
40
Currency and Banking 41
41
The Colonial Mint 43
43
Woodbridges Bank 44
44
Blackwells Bank 45
45
The Charter Goes into Effect 57
57
CHAPTER IDIRECT TAXATION 41 Early Provincial Legislation 59
59
Failure and Reform 60
60
The Turning Point 61
61
The Choice of Assessors 62
62
Changes in the System 63
63
Number of Assessors Time of Choice 64
64
Assessors Oaths 66
66
The Duties of Assessors 67
67
The Completion of the Assessment 69
69
Compensation to Assessors 71
71
General Development 72
72
Qualifications of Collectors 73
73
Duties of Collectors 75
75
Exclusive Taxes 76
76
INDIRECT TAXATION 58 The Organization of Imposts 78
78
Appointment Qualifications 79
79
Duties of Commissioners 80
80
Powers of Commissioners 81
81
Their Powers Increased 82
82
Commodities Taxed 84
84
English Goods 85
85
Tariff Classification 86
86
Export Duties Retaliation 87
87
The Organization of Excises 88
88
A Change of Policy 89
89
The PseudoExcises of 171016 90
90
Subordinate Excise Officers 91
91
Qualifications Oaths 92 92
92
Powers of Excise Officers 95
93
THE LOTTERIES 96
96
The First Provincial Lottery 99
97
Remonstrances from England 102
99
The MilledDollar Lottery 103
102
The Canada Expedition Lottery 104
103
The Land Bank Lottery 105
104
The Abandonment of the Lottery Policy 107
105
Events Leading to its Revival 107
107
The Great Lottery of 1778 III
109
Successive Classes 114
111
Late Minor Lotteries
114
Massachusetts 117 118
117
Postponement of Payment 119
118
Two Opposing Policies I 20
119
The Policy of the Representatives 121
120
Banking Schemes
121
An Ideal Solution
123
Effects of that Policy
124
A Project Revived
126
The Land Bank Party
127
Land Bank Troubles
128
The Land Bank Doomed
129
Inherent Evils
130
The Redemption of the Bills
131
The Transition to Loans
133
CONCLUSION
136
Criticism of the Policy
137
BIBLIOGRAPHY
138
B Secondary Authorities
146

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Página 75 - ... covering each and every outlay of whatsoever nature incident to such production, together with the expense of preparing and putting up such merchandise ready for shipment, and an addition of not less than 8 nor more than 50 per centum upon the total cost as thus ascertained...
Página v - Name of the Council Established at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for the Planting, Ruling, Ordering and Governing of New England in America...
Página 50 - ... the collector shall select one discreet and experienced merchant to be associated with one of the general appraisers wherever practicable, or two discreet and experienced merchants, citizens of the United States, familiar with the character and value of the goods in question...
Página 131 - MOURNFUL LAMENTATION For the sad and deplorable death of Mr. Old Tenor...
Página 40 - That in any case where suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, shall be commenced in a court of any State against any officer of the United States...
Página 73 - ... the actual market value or wholesale price of such merchandise at the time of exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country from which the same has been imported...
Página 15 - ... being inhabitants there. And that according to the different numbers which from time to time shall be found in each jurisdiction, upon a true and just account, the service of men and all charges of the...
Página 48 - There is a general buzzing among the people, great with expectation of their old charter or they know not what : " such was the ominous message of Andros to Brockholst, with orders that the soldiers should be ready for action.
Página 29 - That the collector shall designate on the invoice at least one package of every invoice, and one package at least of every ten packages of goods, wares, or merchandise, and a greater...
Página 48 - The gross amount of all moneys received from whatever source for the use of the United States, except as otherwise provided in section 487 of this title, shall be paid by the officer or agent receiving the same into the Treasury, at as early a day as practicable, without any abatement or deduction on account of salary, fees, costs, charges, expenses, or claim of any description whatever.

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