EMBLEMS LILY. Rod bearing, LILIES entwining a Crucifix. LOAVES of bread, three, SAINTS Anthony of Padua; Casimir Nicholas of Tolentino. MANTLE as a raft, kneeling Raymond of Peñaforte. Onofrio (sometimes). SAW. SCALES. or in SAINTS Christopher. Juan de Dios. Justa and Rufina. Matthew. Clara; Mary Magdalene. Paul the Hermit of Thebes or Elijah. Vincent. Benedict, Paul, Anthony and Charles Borrommeo. Leopold of Austria. Rosa di Viterbo. Angelus the Carmelite. Thomas. Filomena. Simon Zelotes (see page 59) Archangel Michael. Ambrose, (or Augustine, by error.) Sea, Walking over, or in PALM in hand. PALM-TREE as staff. SEVEN youths surrounding SHEARS. SHEEP, Flock of, Raymond of Peñaforte. Verdiana. Patrick. John the Evangelist. Felicitas, or the Seven Maccabees and their mother. Agatha. Geneviève of Paris. Wenceslas of Bohemia; Albert of Vercilli, and warrior saints, at times. Clotilda. THIS BEAUTIFULLY-BALANCED NATIVITY AND ADORATION OF (Courtesy of the Ebrich Galleries.) 1) "Christ's Descent into Hell," an engraving by Andrea Mantegna. Note the symbolism in the shattered door, and the Cross to withstand the assault of the hosts of evil. 2) Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516), was, with Herri met de Bles, the best-known Flemish painter of Paradise and Hell pictures. 3) "The Pilgrims of Emmaus" by Rembrandt (1606-1669) in the Louvre. 4) "The Death of the Virgin," by Hugo van der Goes, in the Bruges Museum. 5) "Paradise," by Giovanni di Paolo (1403-1482), in the Siena Academy. 6) "The Last Judgment," by Fra Angelico, in the Florence Academy. On either side of Our Lord is a seated company of Saints. Note the tombs in the centre dividing the Blessed and the Damned. 7) Michelangelo's great work (see Page 61) in the Sistine Chapel. 8) The same subject by Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533) at Leyden. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE BISHOPS OF ROME AND 89-100 Clement. 100-109 Anacletus. 109-109 Evaristus. 109-119 Alexander. 119-128 Sixtus I. UP TO THE END OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY A. D. 577-590 Pelagius II. 687-701 Sergius. 701-705 John VI. 705-707 John VII. 708-708 Sisinnius. 708-715 Constantine. 715-731 St. Gregory II. 731-741 Gregory III. 741-752 St. Zachary. 752-752 Stephen II. 752-757 Stephen III. 757-767 Paul I. 768-772 Stephen IV. 772-795 Adrian. 795-816 Leo III. 816-817 Stephen V. 817-824 Paschal. 824-827 Eugenius II. 827-827 Valentine. 828-844 Gregory IV. 844-847 Sergius II. 847-855 St. Leo IV. 855-858 Benedict III. 858-867 Nicholas I. 867-872 Adrian II. 872-882 John VIII. 882-884 Martin II. 884-885 Adrian III. 885-891 Stephen VI. 891-896 Formosus. 896-897 Stephen VII. 897-898 Romanus. 898-898 Theodorus II. 898-900 John IX. 900-903 Benedict IV. 903-905 Leo V. 905-911 Sergius III. 911-913 Anastasius III. 913-914 Lando. 914-928 John X. 928-929 Leo VI. 929-931 Stephen VIII. 931-936 John XI. A. D. 936-939 Leo VII. 939-943 Stephen IX. 943-946 Martin III. 946-956 Agapetus II. 956- 964 John XII. 964-964 Leo VIII. 964- 965 Benedict V. 965- 972 John XIII. 972-974 Benedict VI. 974-975 Domnus II. 976-984 Benedict VII. 984-985 John XIV. 986-996 John XV. 996- 999 Gregory V. 999-1003 Sylvester II. 1003-1003 John XVII. 1004-1009 John XVIII. 1009-1012 Sergius IV. 1012-1024 Benedict VIII. 1024-1033 John XIX. 1033-1044 Benedict IX. 1045-1046 Gregory VI. 1046-1047 Clement II. 1048-1048 Damasus II. 1049-1054 St. Leo IX. 1055-1057 Victor II. 1057-1058 Stephen X. 1058-1061 Nicholas II. 1061-1073 Alexander II. 1073-1085 St. Gregory VII. 1086-1087 Victor III. 1087-1099 Urban II. 1099-1118 Paschal II. 1118-1119 Gelasius II. 1119-1124 Calixtus II. 1124-1130 Honorius II. 1130-1143 Innocent II. 1143-1144 Celestine II. 1144-1145 Lucius II. 1145-1153 Eugenius III. 1153-1154 Anastasius IV. 1154-1159 Adrian IV. 1159-1181 Alexander III. 1181-1185 Lucius III. 1185-1187 Urban III. 1187-1187 Gregory VIII. 1187-1191 Clement III. 1191-1198 Celestine III. 1198-1216 Innocent III. 1216-1227 Honorius III. 1227-1241 Gregory IX. 1241-1241 Celestine IV. 1243-1254 Innocent IV. 1254-1261 Alexander IV. 1261-1265 Urban IV. 1265-1268 Clement IV. 1271-1276 Gregory X. 1276-1276 Innocent V. 1276-1276 Adrian V. 1276-1277 John XX. or XXI. 1277-1280 Nicholas III. 1281-1285 Martin IV. 1285-1287 Honorius IV. A. D. 1288-1292 Nicholas IV. 1294-1294 St. Peter Celestine V. (last Pope canonized). 1294-1303 Boniface VIII. The following Popes sat at Avignon in France: 1303-1304 Benedict XI. 1305-1314 Clement V. 1316-1334 John XXII. 1334-1342 Benedict XII. 1342-1352 Clement VI. 1352-1362 Innocent VI. 1362-1370 Urban V. 1370-1378 Gregory XI. THE "GREAt Schism" The following Popes sat at Rome while others sat at Avignon: 1378-1389 Urban VI. 1389 Boniface IX. Contemporary Popes at Avignon: 1378-1394 Clement VII. 1394-1398 Benedict XIII. In 1413 Benedict XIII was restored, but deposed in 1417 when Clement VIII. was elected but not acknowledged. 1389-1404 Boniface IX. At Rome. 1404-1406 Innocent VII. 1406-1409 Gregory XII. 1409-1410 Alexander V. 1410-1415 John XXIII. 1417-1431 Martin V. 1431-1447 Eugenius IV. 1447-1455 Nicholas V. 1455-1458 Calixtus III. 1458-1464 Pius II. 1464-1471 Paul II. 1471-1484 Sixtus IV. 1484-1492 Innocent VIII. 1492-1503 Alexander VI. 1503-1503 Pius III. 1503-1513 Julius II. 1513-1521 Leo X. 1522-1523 Adrian VI. 1523-1534 Clement VII. 1534-1549 Paul III. 1550-1555 Julius III. 1555-1555 Marcellus II. 1555-1559 Paul IV. 1559-1565 Pius IV. 1566-1572 St. Pius V. 1) Masaccio's (1401-1428) remarkable "Expulsion from Eden" in the Brancacci Chapel of the Carmini, in Florence (see page 52). 2) The curious "Massacre of the Innocents," by Pieter Brueghel (1530-1569), in Vienna, laid in a Flemish village, with 16th century costumes. 3) The Tiburtine Sibyl (see page 142), by Baldassare Peruzzi in the Fontegiusta Church at Siena. 4) An example of the large polyptych altar-pieces which, in Italian gallery catalogues are called "Ancona." 5) Elijah in the Desert; a drawing by Ferdinand Bol (1616-1680). (In the Collection of Mr. George Cotils.) 6) The Erithræan Sybil (see page 142), by Michelangelo, in the Sistine Chapel. 7) Judith with the head of Holophernes; by Cristofano Allori (1577-1621) in the Pitti Palace. 8) Same subject as No. 3, by Roger van der Weyden, in Berlin. (See Plate XLII). |