Moist Goods imported.-The following are some of the tares specified in the tariff: Bills drawn in Russia, and payable after date, are allowed 10 days' grace: but if payable at sight, 3 days only: Sundays and holidays are included in both cases. The Julian calendar, or old style, is still retained throughout Russia. This is twelve days later than the new style; and in leap-years, 13 days, after the month of February. Port Charges payable on British Ships at the Port of Petersburgh. 151 161 11 191 201 211 221 231 241 251 261 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 Lasts S from to Passes 31 41 51 61 71 30 40 50 60 70 80 R. R. R. R.RR. 12 16 20 24 28 32 60 60 60 60 60 6 81 91 101 111 121 131 R. R. R. R. R. Lastage Clearing passes in Cron stadt 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 40 50 50 50 60 60 60 70 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 110 110 120 120 150 130 140 140 150 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 5 7 9 11 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 33 34 36 38 40 41 43 45 46 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 25 30 32 34 36 35 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 Roubles 168 196 214 232 259 277 295 322 340 368 386 403 431 449 476 494 522 539 567 586 613 630 638 676703 Total . Ships cleared out from Petersburgh during the Nine Years ending with 1833. The trade of Petersburgh is exhibited in the following Tables:- II. Official Account of the Values of the Imports into and Exports from Petersburgh, with the Produce of the Custom Duty thereon, in each Year since 1800. III. Official List of Goods cleared for Exportation at the Petersburgh Custom-house, during the Six Years ending with 1835. IV. Account of the Quantities of the Principal Articles of Foreign Produce imported into Petersburgh in each of the Four Years ending with 1835. V. Official Statement of the Trade of the principal Russian Cities in 1830 and 1831. VI. Official Statement of the British and Foreign Shipping at the Port of Petersburgh, daring the Year ending the 31st of December, 1833. 2,156.956 465,498 2,313,410 378,855 No returns. 324,158 29,643 No returns. 1 Remarks on Tables.-It would appear from the above Tables, that the trade of Petersburgh has increased with extraordinary rapidity since 1812. But though its increase since that epoch has been very considerable, it has not been by any means so great as might be inferred from the previous statements. *Of these, 155 ships brought coals. The reason is, that the returns are all made in paper roubles; and that they have borne a much lower value, as compared with silver, since 1812, than they did previously. Since 1826, however, the value of the paper rouble has been pretty constant; and in the interval there has been a considerable increase of trade. We have no doubt, indeed, that the commerce of Russia is yet only in its infancy; and that it will continue to increase according as the increase of population and the slow but gradual progress of civilisation develope the gigantic resources of this great country. It is reasonable, too, to Buppose that this developement will be accelerated by the adoption of a more liberal system of commercial policy. TRADE AND NAVIGATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN 1834. Account of the Total Values, as per Price Currents, of the different Articles exported from Russia to Foreign Countries in 1834, and of those imported by her from the same; specifying the Exports to and Imports from each Country. General View of the Foreign Trade of the Russian Empire in 1834. Account of Ships arrived in the different Ports of the Russian Empire in 1832. 11,927,410 In compiling this article, we have consulted Storch's Picture of Petersburgh, c. 9.; Schnitzler, Essai d'une Statistique Générale de la Russie, pp. 133-157.; Ricard, Traité Géneral du Commerce, ed. 1781, tom. ii. pp. 268-317.; Tooke's View of Russia, book 12.; Coxe's Travels in the North of Europe, Evo ed. vol. iii. pp. 282-358. &c.; Oddy's European Commerce, p. 69.; Returns from the Consuls at Petersburgh and Odessa; but we have derived our principal information from the private communications of eminent Russian merchants. (Law as to Ships' Stores and Provisions in Petersburgh and other Russian Ports.-Much inconvenience having arisen to shipmasters in Russian ports, from their not attending to the following regulations as to stores. &c., they are subjoined for their information: Shipmasters arriving in ports of the Baltic from beyond the Sound, or in the ports of the Black and Azoff seas from beyond the Dardanelles, are allowed to pass for the use of their crews for each man of the same, including the shipmaster Spirituons liquors, 2 ankers, 14 gallons; beer or porter, 3 gallons: wine, 1 gallon: coffee, 10 lbs. Russian weight: tea, 14 lb. Russian weight: sugar, 40 lbs. Russian weight, 36 lbs. English. Duty is to be paid on any overplus found on board the vessels, if such goods be admitted to duty. Note-If the overplus be entered, it is not confiscated: if not, it is confiscated, and a fine levied of five times the duty on admissible goods, and twice the sale value on prohibited goods. Account of the Quantity and Value of the different Articles of Russian Produce, shipped at Petersburgh for Great Britain, during each of the Five Years ending with 1835.-(Parl. Paper, No. 587. Sess. 1836.) PEWTER (Ger. Zinn, Zinngeisserzinn; Fr. Etain; It. Stagno; Sp. Estano, Peltre; Rus. Olowo), a factitious metal used in making plates, dishes, and other domestic utensils. It is a compound, the basis of which is tin. The best sort consists of tin alloyed with about 1-20th or less of copper, or other metallic bodies, as the experience of the workmen has shown to be most conducive to the improvement of its hardness and colour, such as lead, zinc, bismuth, and antimony. There are 3 sorts of pewter, distinguished by the names of plate, trifle, and ley-pewter. The 1st was formerly much used for plate and dishes; of the 2d are made the pints, quarts, and other measures for beer; and of the ley-pewter, wine measures and large measures.-(Ure.) PHILADELPHIA, a large city and sea-port of the United States, in Pennsylvania, near the confluence of the rivers Delaware and Schuylkill, in lat. 39° 57′ N., lon. 75° 10′ W. Population, in 1830, 168,000. Harbour, Light-houses, Pilotage, &c.-Vessels of the largest burden ascend the river as far as Newcastle, but those drawing above 18 or 20 feet water cannot reach Philadelphia, on account of a bar a little below the city. The entrance to the magnificent bay formed by the embouchure of the Delaware has Cape May on its north, and Cape Henlopen on its south side. The former in lat. 38° 57′ N., lon. 75° 47′ 45′′ W., is a sandy headland, rising about 12 feet above the level of the sea. It has recently been surmounted by a light-house, 60 feet in height. The light revolves once a minute; an eclipse of 50 seconds being succeeded by a brilliant flash of 10 seconds. It is seen in clear weather from 20 to 25 miles off. Cape Henlopen, marking the southern boundary of the bay, is in lat. 38° 47′ N., lon. 75° 4′ 35" W. A little south from it is a hill, elevated about 60 feet above the level of the sea: and on it is erected a light-house, 72 feet in height, furnished with a powerful fired light, visible in clear weather 10 leagues off. To the N. of this principal light, and close to the extremity of the cape, a second lighthouse has been constructed, 36 feet above the level of the sea, which is also furnished with a fixed light, which may be seen at about 6 leagues off. The channel for large ships is between Cape Henlopen and the banks called the Overfalls. The navigation is, however, a little difficult, and it is compulsory on ships to take pilots. The latter frequently board them at sea: but if not, as soon as a ship comes between the capes, she must hoist the signal for a pilot, and heave to as soon as one offers to come on board.-(Conlier sur les Phares, 2d ed. See post, for regulations as to pilotage.) Trade. The exports principally consist of wheat and wheat flour, Indian corn, and other agricultural products, lumber, coal and iron, various species of manufactured goods, &c. The principal imports are cotton, woollen, and silk goods: sugar, coffee and tea, wines, spices, &c. In point of shipping, Philadelphia is the third port of the United States: being in this respect inferior only to New York and Boston. The registered, enrolled, and licensed tonnage belonging to Philadelphia, in 1832, amounted to 79,969 tons, of which 27,214 were employed in the coasting trade. The total value of the articles imported into Pennsylvania, in the year ended the 30th of September, 1832, was 10,678,358 dollars: the total value of the exports during the same year being 3,516.066 dollars. Banks. There were, in 1830, in Philadelphia, 12 joint stock banks, exclusive of the Bank of the United States. Allowing for the share of the capital of the latter employed in banking speculations in the city, the total capital engaged in bank business in Philadelphia that year may be taken at 10,667,000 dollars, on which a dividend accrued of 693,075 dollars, being at the rate of 6:497 per cent. The bank of the late Mr. Girard, being a private establishment, is not included in this estimate.-(Statement by J. H. Goddard, Esq., New York Daily Advertiser, 29th Jan. 1831.) None of the Philadelphia banks issue notes for less than 5 dollars. They all discount good bills, having 60 or 90 days to run, at 6 per cent. In Philadelphia the banks have been pretty successful; but in Pennsylvania, generally, there have been many failures. Insurance. There were, in Philadelphia, in 1830, 9 marine insurance companies, with an aggregate capital of 3.280.000 dollars: they divided amongst them, during the same year, 275,400 dollars, being at the rate of 8.396 per cent. There were also, in 1830, 4 fire insurance companies in the city, having amongst them a capital of 1,600,000 dollars. Their dividends, during the year, were 90,000 dollars; but, as one of the companies, with a capital of 200,000 dollars, paid nothing, the dividends amounted to 6-425 per cent. on the producing capital. In Pennsylvania, the dollar is worth 7s. 6d. currency; so that 17. sterling = 11. 13s. 4d. currency.(See NEW YORK.) Weights and Measures same as those of England. |