"CONSTITUTIONALIST" ARTILLERY IN THE MOUNTAINS OF SONORA (In this picture the figure at the extreme right is the commander-in-chief of the Constitutionalist forces, General Venustiano Carranza. Immediately back of the gun is General Jesus Carranza. Next to him-the bearded man with the glasses-is General Blanquet, while in the center of the picture, leaning against the wheel, is General Pascual Orozco, the famous outlaw chieftain)

Mexico's

was

Does the "Doc- Considerable discussion aroused in the British press, early in December, by an infer

trine" Consider
Financial
Control?

of that republic, and later it was announced gerous to the independence of the Latinthat Ecuador also was not willing that these American countries in question, but prejudiBritish interests should exploit its oil fields. cial to the vital, national interests of the United States. The right to exploit natural Tampico, the port of the state resources on such a large scale as such conOil and the of Tamaulipas, which was the cessions would permit would be likely to inFighting scene of a fierce battle on De- volve a dominating influence by Europe on cember 12, between the Federals and rebels; the governments of these countries in such is a large oil center, one of the most impor- a way that it would be in effect as much tant in Mexico. The Waters-Pierce inter- a violation of the Monroe Doctrine as the ests, believed to be a part of the Standard alienation to these European powers of terOil Company, and the Cowdray or Pearson ritory on the American continent. interests have been rivals in the Tampico region for years, besides which there is an alleged Mexican company, the Huastica. In these days, when the warships of the world are being built to consume oil instead of ence drawn from a speech made by Ambascoal, the mightiest naval power on earth is sador Page on December 6. Mr. Page, in naturally very anxious to secure control of restating in general terms the attitude of every possible oil supply. Mr. Lewis R. the United States towards Mexico, spoke of Freeman, in an article on "The Age of Oil," our determination to prevent the seizure of in our issue for October, explained the situ- Latin-American lands by any other power, ation in detail. It is not difficult to under- and said: stand how the presence of any large vested interests of a European power in Caribbean countries in the vicinity of the Panama Canal, including the right to construct port works and canals, and by inference, later, oiling (fuel) stations, would be not only

dan

We have now developed subtler ways than taking their lands. There is the taking of their bonds, for instance. Therefore, the important proposition is that no sort of financial control can

with the consent of the United States be obtained over these weaker nations which would in effect control their government.

A number of the London dailies resent President Wilson in his attitude towards this implication, and the Standard declares Mexico. This attitude of restraint, thanks openly that "any attempt to curtail legiti- also to Mr. Roosevelt's clear-cut and vigormate British enterprise in Central and South ous presentations of questions of American America will inevitably excite more than re- idealism in the South American half of this sentment in England." hemisphere, has gone far towards convincing the South Americans of the disinterestedness

An English

While these petulant sentiments of our feelings and intentions towards them. Endorsement of were finding utterance in the This point of view is set forth in their press. the "Doctrine" London press, one of the most Furthermore, Dr. David Montt, the Chileminent of living Englishmen, Lord Hal- ean representative at the conference of dane, Lord High Chancellor, whose splen- Latin-American sympathizers at Clark Unidid address on international good manners, versity at Worcester, Mass., in an address made at Montreal in September, we com- late in November, asserted that the "hands mented upon in the October number, ex- off Mexico" stand of the United States is pressed his confidence in the integrity of this causing the greatest admiration in the councountry and in the unselfishness of its atti- tries south of the equator. tude towards Latin America. His interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine, said Lord Haldane, is that the United States is ready to accept responsibility

not merely for insuring good government and good treatment in the interest of her own subjects, but in the interest of the world at large, so that all who live and trade on the great American continent may feel that she has set before her a high ideal to secure for them equally with her own subjects that justice and righteousness of which President Wilson has spoken.

Compromising
on Home
Rule

The feature of British politics which was the subject of the most animated discussion and heated debate last month was the proposed compromise between the Asquith Government and the opposition regarding the matter of Irish Home Rule. For many weeks it had been evident to the moderate men of both parties that, unless something were done to bring the opposing sides together, there was real danger of an armed conflict when the At about the same time ex-President Taft, provisions of the law were applied to Ulster. in a speech in New York (on December In a speech made by Mr. Asquith late in 11), referred to the Monroe Doctrine as October, and alluded to in these pages last "one of our greatest national assets," and month, a tentative offer was made to suspend called upon all good Americans to sustain the provisions of the law in so far as they

(In this way the cartoonist of the London Daily Express, a Unionist journal in opposition to the present govern ment in England, depicts Premier Asquith's discomfiture over the Ulster problem-at the hands of the

Orangemen)

In this connection, our readers will find interesting the "oath" taken by the Ulstermen to oppose Home-Rule, which will be found reproduced on another page of this REVIEW this month (93). The determination of the Government to put through the

"JIM" LARKIN, A "NEW POWER COME OUT OF Home-Rule measure was demonstrated clear

IRELAND"

ly in a speech at Gainsborough, made in No(The creator of "Larkinism" preaching his "Fiery vember by Mr. Herbert Samuel, the PostCross" campaign in London)

concerned those portions of Ulster in which the anti-Home-Rule opposition is expected to break into open rebellion when the bill passes the House of Commons for the third time and goes into effect. Later an intimation was made by Mr. Asquith that, in order to compensate the new Irish Government for the loss of revenue from its richest sections, the Imperial Government had come to the conclusion "it might be possible that money would be appropriated from imperial funds."

Ulster's

master-General. Regretting that the Government was unable to meet the wishes of the

opposition for a general election before the Home-Rule Bill passed its third reading, Mr. Samuel said: "There will be no general election until the plural voter has been relegated to the limbo of discarded anomalies." This is taken to indicate further that the Franchise Bill will also be pushed through without any unnecessary delay during the coming session of Parliament.

The Three
Irish
"Armies "

It has come to be regarded as such an essential and natural This proposition excited so much thing in British politics to settle Declaration opposition, particularly from the disputed questions by compromise that the of Principles" Irish Nationalists in Parliament, threats of armed rebellion in Ireland and the without whose support the Asquith Govern- reports of "armies" drilling for violent conment cannot put the law into effect, that the flict against a law not yet passed by ParliaPremier evidently determined to modify his ment has come as a puzzling feature of the offer. On December 5, in an address at new politics in England. It would seem to Manchester, he referred mildly to the recent be but another phase of the lawless state of "Declaration of Principles" made by Sir Ed- mind into which the British public has perward Carson, leader of the Irish anti-Home- mitted itself to be projected by such tactics Rulers. These principles, Sir Edward said, would be fought for to the bitter end-"even to the end of civil war, with all its horrors." They were:

as those pursued by the militant suffragettes and other dissatisfied classes, who are acting as though they believed they could bring about the results they desire in politics and economics by attacks on life and property. (1) That the settlement must not be humiliating or degrading to Ulster; (2) that Ulster's treat- In Ulster, it is reported, one hundred thoument must not be different from that given to other sand men have been enrolled. A volunteer parts of the United Kingdom; (3) that Ulster must nursing corps has been organized and a penretain the full protection of the Imperial Parlia- sion fund provided for the families of the ment; (4) that the Home-Rule Bill must not be so drawn as to lead to the ultimate separation of men who may fall in the expected conflict. That the Government in London is aware

Ulster from Great Britain.

of the seriousness of the situation is evident from the royal proclamation issued on December 5 prohibiting the importation of arms and ammunition into Ireland. Last month there were reported to be three "armies" ready for instant battle in the Emerald Isle. There was Sir Edward Carson's Ulster "army," organized to fight Home-Rule. In opposition to it, there was the Dublin "army" of ten thousand men organized by Ulster Protestants in favor of Home-Rule. The third "army," also with headquarters in Dublin, was composed of the transport strikers and their sympathizers.

Larkinism"

It Stands For

While Home-Ruler and antiand What Home-Ruler, Catholic and Protestant, Ulsterman and and Redmond-Nationalist, threaten each other and vow to precipitate the deluge over the question of a separate parliament at Dublin, there is another conflict in Ireland which takes no account of these historic and traditional lines of cleavage. "Larkinism," the name now given to a militant labor movement growing out of the strike of the transport workers in Dublin, cares nothing, apparently, for HomeRule, the Empire, or the Church. The Lar

kinites are the Irish Syndicalists. Nothing M. GASTON DOU MERGUE, THE NEW FRENCH PREMIER matters with them in politics or religion,

nothing except the struggle for the daily ing, took the way that led through a slum. There wage. The Irish Transport Workers' was a lit window-someone ill, evidently-and Union, originally a moderate trade union, has "God bless Jim Larkin." "There's something more across the panes was scratched in chalk or paint, apparently become a revolutionary organiza- in Larkin than we know," said the editor. Larkin tion. During the long strike of these trans- was born in Liverpool, of Irish parents, some forty port workers in Dublin, to which we have years ago. Now, his fighting career has added a word to the language-"Larkinism." referred several times before in these pages, the leader was James Larkin. As secretary of the Transport Workers Union, Larkin was sentenced, on October 27, to seven months' imprisonment for "sedition and incitement to riot." On November 13 he was released by a Government "pardon."

"Jim"

Man

In a proclamation posted in Dublin, the attitude of the Larkinites is set forth thus:

The Government have withdrawn from us all rights guaranteed us by civic society. It has made outlaws of the working class of Dublin, and as such we will wage war upon the Government by withdrawing from society the aid of our labor until our rights are restored, until the employers resume proper relations with our unions, and until our brothers and sisters are at liberty. We

Larkin boasted that he would Larkin the "light a fiery cross in England, Scotland, and Wales." Although propose to accept as ours the category in which repudiated by the regular trade unions, he the employers and their government have placed began his campaign of inciting the laboring us. If we are treated as outlaws without civic classes against the established order of things rights, then we shall act as outlaws and refuse on November 16. He is apparently a man without duties; no duties without rights." to accept any duties. Our motto is, "No rights of great strength of character and recklessness of speech. Of his influence with the working classes the London Times says:

By-Products

Militarism was the cause of parof European liamentary crises in two EuroMilitarism pean nations last month. The Larkin first appeared some three or four years difference in the courses of action taken by ago. To-day his name is in every man's mouth. the German and French premiers under He is the Will and the Fate to the multitude. A year ago... a Dublin editor of an adventurous similar circumstances illustrates the wide dimind, going home in the small hours of the morn- vergence between parliamentary systems on