(viii) In one word, it makes us sure that all things are ruled by Law and Order, under (xii) Yet. one living soul-one child of the government of God, in the natural world; Man, made in God's image-is worth more in and this tells us that the same also is true in the eyes of a Spiritual Being, than all the the moral world. We are made to feel that, Suns, however grand and glorious,-than all if we break God's Order, or lead others to mere systems of unreasoning, unconscious break it, by acts of sin and fleshly self-indul-matter. Our happy privilege as Christians is gence, we shall surely reap the fruit of our doings, that the results of our actions, whether good or evil, are sure and certain, each answering to its kind, whether completed by some sudden stroke at once, or long delayed, to be brought about after a greater lapse of time, by the same Eternal Laws.

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APPENDIX.

THE COMPLETE ELOHISTIC NARRATIVE IN GENESIS.

WE shall so far anticipate the results of the next Part of this Work as to give here in a complete form the whole of the Elohistic portion of the Book of Genesis. The reader will thus be able to see what was the extent of the simple primitive story, to which the Jehovistic writer in a later age has added so many remarkable, and often disturbing and contradictory, episodes. Many important consequences may, of course, and must be deduced from this distinct separation of the sources in Genesis,the consideration of which must be reserved for the present, until we have set forth fully the critical reasons upon which this separation is based. I will here only observe that my own conclusions, as to the parts of Genesis which belong to the Elohistic document, do not differ materially from those which have been announced by the distinguished German scholar, Professor HUPFELD of Halle, by Professor KUENEN of Leyden, and still more recently by BOEHMER, after a most careful, independent, investigation.

N.B.-The sign denotes that an interpo- | kind; and ELOHIM saw that it was good. lated passage has been removed. (13) And it was evening, and it was morning, -a third day.

THE ELOHISTIC NARRATIVE. 1. () In the beginning ELOHIM created the Heaven and the Earth. (2) And the Earth was desolation and emptiness, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of ELOHIM hovering upon the face of the waters.

(14) And ELOHIM said, 'Let there be luminaries in the expanse of the Heaven, to divide between the day and (between) the night, and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years; (15) and let them be for luminaries in the expanse of the Heaven, to give light upon the Earth': and it was so. (16) And (3) And ELOHIM said, 'Let there be light,' ELOHIM made the two great luminaries,-the and there was light. (4) And ELOHIM saw greater luminary for the rule of the day, and the light that it was good; and ELOHIM the lesser luminary for the rule of the night, divided between the light and (between) the--and the stars. (7) And ELOHIM (gave) darkness. (5) And ELOHIM called (to) the placed them in the expanse of the Heaven, to light Day,' and (to) the darkness He called give light upon the Earth, (18) and to rule Night.' And it was evening, and it was over the day and over the night, and to divide morning,-one day. between the light and (between) the dark(6) And ELOHIM said, 'Let there be an ex-ness: and ELOHIM saw that it was good. (19) panse in the midst of the waters, and let it be And it was evening, and it was morning,-a dividing between waters (to) and waters.' fourth day. (7) And ELOHIM made the expanse, and divided between the waters which were beneath the expanse (between) and the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so. (8) And ELOHIM called (to) the expanse Heaven.' And it was evening, and it was morning,-a second day.

(9) And ELOHIM said, 'Let the waters beneath the Heaven be gathered into one place, and let the dry-land appear'; and it was so. (10) And ELOHIM called (to) the dry-land Earth, and (to) the gathering of waters called HeSeas'; and ELOHIM saw that it was good.

(1) And ELOHIM said, 'Let the Earth vegetate vegetation, the herb seeding seed, the fruit-tree making fruit, after its kind, whose seed is in it, upon the Earth'; and it was so. (1) And the Earth brought forth vegetation, the herb seeding seed after its kind, and the tree making fruit, whose seed is in it, after its

(20) And ELOHIM said, 'Let the waters swarm with swarming-things of living soul, and let fowl fly over the Earth upon the face of the expanse of the Heaven.' (1) And ELOHIM created the great monsters, and every living soul that creepeth, which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every, fowl of wing after its kind: and ELOHIM saw that it was good. (22) And ELOHIM blessed them, saying, Fructify and multiply, and fill the waters in the Seas, and let the fowl abound in the Earth.' (23) And it was evening, and it was morning,-a fifth day.

(24) And ELOHIM said, 'Let the Earth bring forth living soul after its kind, cattle, and creeping-thing, and animal of the Earth after its kind'; and it was so. (25) And ELOHIM made the animal of the Earth after its kind, and the cattle after its kind, and every creeping thing of the ground after its kind: and ELOHIM saw that it was good.

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(18) And Jared lived an hundred and sixtytwo years, and begat Enoch. (19) And Jared lived, after his begetting Enoch, eight hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters. (*°) And all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years, and he died.

(21) And Enoch lived sixty-and-five years, and begat Methuselah. (22) And Enoch walked with ELOHIM*, after his begetting Methuselah, three hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters. (23) And all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years. (**) And Enoch walked with ELOHIM, and he was not, for ELOHIM took him.

(2) And ELOHIM said, 'Let us make man, | leel were eight hundred and ninety-five years, in our image, after our likeness; and let them and he died. (tread) have-dominion over the fish of the Sea, and over the fowl of the Heaven, and over the cattle, and over every animal of the Earth, and over every creeping-thing that creepeth upon the Earth.' (27) And ELOHIM created man in His image; in the image of ELOHIM created He him; male and female created He them. (28) And ELOHIM blessed them, and ELOHIM said to them, Fructify, and multiply, and fill the Earth, and subdue it; and (tread) have-dominion over the fish of the Sea, and over the fowl of the Heaven, and over every animal that creepeth upon the Earth.' (2) And ELOHIM said, 'Behold! I give to you every herb seeding seed, which is on the face of all the Earth, and every tree in which is the fruit of a tree seeding seed; to you it shall be for food: (30) and to every animal of the Earth, and to every fowl of the Heaven, and to everything creeping upon the Earth, in which is a living soul, I give every green herb for food'; and it was so. (31) And ELOHIM saw all that He had made, and behold! it was very good. And it was evening, and it was morning,-the sixth day.

2. (1) And the Heaven and the Earth were finished, and all their host. (2) And ELOHIM finished on the seventh day His work which He had made, and rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. (3) And ELOHIM blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; for on it He rested from all His work, which ELOHIM created (to make) and made.*

5. () This is the book of the generations of Adam, in the day of ELOHIM's creating Adam; in the likeness of ELOHIM made He him. (2) Male and female He created them, and blessed them, and called their name Adam in the day of their creation.

(3) And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years, and begat, in his likeness, according to his image; and he called his name Seth. (*) And the days of Adam, after his begetting Seth, were eight hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters. (5) And all the days of Adam which he lived were nine hundred and thirty years, and he died.

(") And Seth lived an hundred and five years, and begat Enos. (7) And Seth lived, after his begetting Enos, eight hundred and seven years, and he begat sons and daughters. (8) And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died.

(9) And Enos lived ninety years, and begat Kenan. (10) And Enos lived, after his begetting Kenan, eight hundred and fifteen years, and he begat sons and daughters. (1) And all the days of Enos were nine hundred and five years, and he died.

(12) And Kenan lived seventy years, and begat Mahalaleel. (13) And Kenan lived, after his begetting Mahalaleel, eight hundred and forty years, and he begat sons and daughters. (1) And all the days of Kenan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died. (15) And Mahalaleel lived sixty-and-five years, and begat Jared. (16) And Mahalaleel lived, after his begetting Jared, eight hundred and thirty years, and he begat sons and daughters. (7) And all the days of Mahala

(25) And Methuselah lived an hundred and eighty-seven years, and begat Lamech. (6) And Methuselah lived, after his begetting Lamech, seven hundred and eighty-two years, and he begat sons and daughters. (27) And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died.

(28) And Lamech lived an hundred and eighty-two years, and begat [Noah]. ✶ (3o) And Lamech lived, after his begetting Noah, five hundred and ninety-five years, and he begat sons and daughters. (31) And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died.

(32) And Noah was a son of five hundred years, and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.*

6. () These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a man just and perfect in his generations: Noah walked with ELOHIM. (10) And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (1) And the earth was corrupted before the face of ELOHIM, and the earth was filled with violence. (12) And ELOHIM saw the earth, and behold! it was corrupted; for all flesh had corrupted its way upon the earth.

(13) And ELOHIM said to Noah, 'The end of all flesh has come before my face; for the earth is full of violence from before them; and behold! I will (corrupt) destroy them with the earth. (14) Make to thee an Ark of cypress-wood; in cells shalt thou make the Ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. (1) And I, behold! (am bringing) will bring the Flood of waters upon the earth, to (corrupt) destroy all flesh in which is a spirit of life from under the heaven; all which is in the earth shall die. (18) But I establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt go into the Ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons' wives with thee. ("") And out of every living thing out of all flesh, two out of all shalt thou bring into the Ark, to keep-alive with thee; male and female shall they be. (20) Out of the fowl after its kind, and out of the cattle after its kind, out of every creeping-thing of the ground after its kind, two out of all shall come unto thee, to keep-alive. (1) And thou, take to thee out of all food which is eaten, and thou shalt gather it unto thee, and it shall be to thee and to them for food.'

*We shall print the name thus, in large capitals, whenever it occurs in the original with the article.

(") And Noah did according to all which ELOHIM Commanded him,-so did he.*

let them swarm in the earth, and fructify, and multiply, upon the earth.' (18) And Noah went out, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him. (19) Every animal, every creeping-thing, and every fowl, everything creeping upon the earth,-after their families, they went out from the Ark.* 9. (1) And ELOHIM blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, 'Fructify, and multiply, and fill the earth. (2) And the fear of you and the terror of you shall be upon every

7. () And Noah was a son of six hundred years, when the Flood of waters was upon the earth. (7) And Noah went, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him, into the Ark, from the face of the waters of the Flood. (8) Out of the clean cattle and out of the cattle which are not clean, and out of the fowl and all that creepeth upon the ground, (2) two and two, they came unto Noah into the Ark, male and female, as ELO-animal of the earth, and upon every fowl of HIM commanded Noah.*

(1) In the six-hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, in the seventeenth day of the month, on this day were broken up all the fountains of the great deep, and the windows of the heaven were opened. ✶ (13) On this very same day, (lit. in the bone of this day,) went Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, Noah's sons, and Noah's wife, and his sons' three wives with them, into the Ark; (4) they, and every animal after its kind, and all the cattle after its kind, and every creeping-thing that creepeth upon the earth after its kind, and all the fowl after its kind, every bird of every wing. (15) And they came unto Noah into the Ark, two and two, out of all flesh, in which is a spirit of life. (16) And those coming, male and female out of all flesh they came, as ELOHIM commanded him.*

(18) And the waters were mighty, and multiplied (very) greatly upon the earth, (19b) and all the high mountains that were under all the heaven, were covered. (21) And all flesh died, that creepeth upon the earth, among fowl, and among cattle, and among (animal) animals, and among all the swarming-things that swarm upon the earth, and all man. (22) All in whose nostrils was the breath of a spirit of life, out of all which was in the dry land, died. ✶ (23b) And only Noah was left, and what was with him in the Ark.

(24) And the waters were mighty upon the earth a hundred and fifty days.*

the heaven, among all that creepeth the ground, and among all the fishes of the sea; into your hand they are given. (3) Every creeping-thing that liveth, to you it shall be for food: as the green herb, I give to you all. (*) Only flesh (in) with its soul, its blood, ye shall not eat. (5) And surely your blood of your souls will I require: from the hand of every animal will I require it, and from the hand of man; from the hand of a man's brother will I require the soul of man. (6) Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of ELOHIM made He man. (") And you, fructify and multiply, swarm in the earth, and multiply in it.'

(8) And ELOHIM said unto Noah, and unto his sons with him, saying: () And I, behold! I (am establishing) will establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you, (10) and with every living soul which is with you, among fowl, and among cattle, and among (every animal) all animals of the earth with you, from all going out of the Ark to every animal of the earth. (1) And I establish my covenant with you, and all flesh shall not be again cut off through the waters of the Flood, and there shall not be again a Flood to (corrupt) destroy the earth.'

(12) And ELOHIM said, "This is the sign of the covenant which I (am giving) will make between me and (between) you, and (between) every living soul that is with you for perpetual generations. (13) My bow do I (give) set in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between me and (between) the earth. 8. (') And ELOHIM remembered Noah, and (*) And it shall be, at my (clouding) bringing every animal, and all the cattle, that was a cloud upon the earth, that the bow shall be with him in the Ark; and ELOHIM caused-to-seen in the cloud. (15) And I will remember pass a wind upon the earth, and the waters subsided. (2) And the fountains of the deep were stopped and the windows of the heaven; (b) and the waters decreased at the end of a hundred and fifty days,✶(*) in the seventh month, in the seventeenth day of the month. *(5) And the waters were decreasing continually until the tenth month: in the tenth month, in the first of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen.*

(13) And it came-to-pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, in the first of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: ✶ (14) and in the second month, in the seventeenth day of the month, the earth was dry.

(15) And ELOHIM spake unto Noah, saying, (16) Go out from the ark, thou, and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with thee. (17) Every animal that is with thee out of all flesh, among fowl, and among cattle, and among every creeping-thing that creepeth upon the earth, bring forth with thee; and

my covenant which is between me and (between) you and (between) every living soul among all flesh; and there shall not be again the waters for a Flood to (corrupt) destroy all flesh. (1) And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will see it, for a remembrance of the perpetual covenant between ELOHIM and (between) every living soul among all flesh that is upon the earth.'

(17) And ELOHIM said unto Noah, 'This is the sign of the covenant, which I establish between me and (between) all flesh that is upon the earth.'*

(28) And Noah lived after the Flood three hundred and fifty years. (29) And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years, and he died.*

11. (10) These are the generations of Shem. Shem was a son of a hundred years, and begat Arphaxad two years after the Flood. (1) And Shem lived, after his begetting Arphaxad, five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

(12) And Arphaxad lived five-and-thirty years, and begat Salah. (13) And Arphaxad lived, after his begetting Salah, four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. (14) And Salah lived thirty years, and begat (Heber) Eber. (15) And Salah lived, after his begetting Eber, four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

(16) And Eber lived four-and-thirty years, and begat Peleg. (7) And Eber lived, after his begetting Peleg, four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters.

(18) And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu. (1) And Peleg lived, after his begetting Reu, two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters.

(20) And Reu lived two-and-thirty years, and begat Serug. (2) And Reu lived, after his begetting Serug, two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters.

(22) And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor. (23) And Serug lived, after his begetting Nahor, two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

(24) And Nahor lived nine-and-twenty years, and begat Terah. (25) And Nahor lived, after his begetting Terah, a hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters.

(26) And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

(27) And these are the generations of Terah.

Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot. (31) And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot, the son of Haran, his son's son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, the wife of Abram his son, and they went out with them together from Ur of the Chaldees to go to the land of Canaan; and they went as far as Charran, and dwelt there. (32) And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years, and Terah died in Charran.

12. (b) And Abram was a son of seventyfive years at his going out from Charran. (5) And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all their gain which they had gotten, and the souls which they had made in Charran, and they went out to go to the land of Canaan, and they came to the land of Canaan. 13. () And the land did not bear them to dwell together, for their gain was much, and they were not able to dwell together. (12) Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelt in the cities of the circuit.*

16. (1) And Sarai, Abram's wife, bare not to him, and she had a maid, an Egyptian, and her name was Hagar.* (3) And Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maid, at the end of ten years of Abram's dwelling in the land of Canaan, and gave her to Abram her husband to him for wife.* (15) And Hagar bare to Abram a son, and Abram called the name of his son, which Hagar bare, Ishmael. (18) And Abram was a son of eighty-and-six years at Hagar's bearing Ishmael to Abram.✶

(3) And Abram fell upon his face, and ELOHIM spake with him, saying, (4) 'I-behold! my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of a multitude of nations. (5) And thy name shall not be called any longer Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for I (give) set thee a father of a multitude (ab-hamon) of nations. very greatly fructify thee, and will (give) set (6) And I will thee for nations; and kings shall go-forth out of thee. (7) And I will establish my covenant between me, and thee, and thy seed after thee in their generations for a perpetual covenant, to be to thee ELOHIM, and to thy seed after thee. () And I will give to thee and to thy seed after thee the land of thy sojournings, the whole land of Canaan, for a perpetual possession, and I will be to them ELOHIM.'

(2) And ELOHIM said unto Abram, And thou-my covenant thou shalt keep, thou and thy seed after thee in their generations. (10) This is my covenant, which they shall keep between me and you and thy seed after thee,-to be circumcised among you every male. (1) And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between me and you. (12) And a son of nine days shall be circumcised among you, every male in your generations,-child of the house, and purchase of silver from any son of a stranger, which is not out of thy seed. (13) Circumcised shall he surely be, child of thy house and purchase of thy silver; and my covenant shall be in your flesh for a perpetual covenant. (14) And an uncircumcised male, whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.'

(15) And ELOHIM said unto Abraham, 'Sarai thy wife-thou shalt not call her name Sarai, for Sarah is her name. (1) And I will bless her, and also I will give to thee out of her a son, and I will bless her, and she shall be for nations; kings of peoples shall be out of her.'

(17) And Abraham fell upon his face and laughed, and said in his heart, To a son of a hundred years shall there be born, and shall Sarah, a daughter of ninety years, bear?' (18) And Abraham said unto ELOHIM, Would that Ishmael may live before thee!' (19) And ELOHIM said, ' Truly Sarah thy wife shall bear to thee a son, and thou shalt call his name Isaac (='he laughs'); and I will establish my covenant with him for a perpetual covenant to his seed after him. (20) And as for Ishmael (= El hears), I have heard thee. Behold! I have blessed him, and I have fructified him,

The

*This is the only instance where, in the present Hebrew copies of the Bible, 'Jehovah occurs in the whole Elohistic narrative. proper formula of the Elohist is seen in xxxv.9, And ELOHIM appeared unto Jacob,' identical with that before us, except in respect of the Divine Name. Since, therefore, ELOHIM' is found everywhere else (ten times) in 17. () And Abram was a son of ninety-this very chapter, it seems very probable that and-nine years, and [*] appeared unto Abram and said unto him, I am EL-SHADDAI: walk before me, and be perfect. (2) And I will (give) make my covenant between me and thee, and I will very greatly multiply thee.'

it stood originally in v.1, and has been accidentally changed to 'Jehovah,'-perhaps by an oversight of a transcriber. In fact, the Elohim of v.3 evidently presupposes Elohim also in v.1.