of the red and the white sectors in the ratio of 21 to 9 Ratios of areas of red and white nearly; and this rule was followed at The Wolf, so that its sectors. beams of red and white light have the same value.

for window

The lantern is of the cylindrical helically framed kiud, Lantern. and upon the lantern-gallery is placed a fog-bell, struck by Fog-bell. means of machinery placed within the pedestal of the lens. There is but little wood used in the construction of the Gun-metal used interior of the light-house, and all of the doors, the window frames, &c. frames, and storm-shutters are of gun-metal. I was told that bronze was nabitually used for window-frames and sash-bars at rock-stations, and oak for those of shore-stations. The windows of the watch-room are arranged, as shown in Plate VIII, for admitting air to support combustion in the lamp, by means of a valve in the upper part, the current passing over the heads of the keepers and through the grating which forms the lantern-floor.

Watch room windows.

Floor of lantern-gallery.

As at other stations, I observed that the floor of the exterior lantern-gallery, unlike ours, is made of stone with raised joints, i. e., the surfaces for about one-half an inch on each side of the radial joints do not partake of the inclination of the general surface, but are quite level. There are four keepers belonging to the station, and three Number of of them are constantly in the tower, while the fourth is on shore with his family.

The stated term of service on duty on the rock is one month, but it sometimes happens that eight weeks or more elapse before a sea can be found sufficiently quiet to make a landing practicable.

As before stated, the rock upon which the light-house stands is submerged at high water, and the winch, mast, and boom of the derrick used for landing the keepers, visitors, and provisions are, when not in use, laid into deep troughs or recesses in the stone and strongly fastened down to protect them from the sea.

keepers.

Term of service before relieved.

ing upon the rock.

It was a comparatively calm day when I went to The Method of landWolf, and I was fortunate in being able to land upon the rock; but it is an undertaking attended with a good deal of danger, and many trials and much delay were experienced before we were successful.

The landing-boat, which is well adapted for the purpose, Landing-boat. is built diagonally of two thicknesses of elm-plank, without timbers or floor, and is provided in the bow with a landingdeck and stake.

This deck and the forward part of the gunwale are covered with rough rope-matting to prevent slipping in jumping into or from the boat, which is warped in by means of a

line made fast to a buoy astern and two lines from the bows, the latter of which are managed by the men on the rock.

The person who is to land is provided with a cork lifebelt, and stands on the landing-deck forward, holding the stout mast or stake with both hands, and when the proper instant arrives, of which he is warned by the coxswain, who watches the waves and manages the line astern, he seizes the rope which is lowered from the end of the derrick-boom, places one foot in the loop at the end, and is quickly hauled up by the men at the winch on the rock.

Danger attend. Landing by the mode I have described is comparatively ing landings. safe, but is often impracticable, and sometimes when the keepers are relieved they are pulled through the surf into the boat when it cannot get near enough to the rock to permit of their being dropped into it.

This light-house is one of the most striking examples of rock light-house engineering for which Smeaton's Eddystone has furnished the model.

More of this There are now several of this type in the various countries houses in Great of the globe, but Great Britain possesses more than any

class of light

Britain than else.

other.

In the United States we have notably two; one built by General Alexander, of the United States Engineers, on Minot's Ledge, off the coast of Massachusetts, where the rock is exposed to the full force of the Atlantic, and is only uncovered at extreme low water; the other proposed by General Raynolds and built by General Poe, both of the United States Engineers, and the latter now a member of the Light-House Board, on Spectacle Reef, in Lake Huron, the site of which is 10 feet below the surface.

The latter, however, was quite a different problem from any of the others in that the structure was to withstand the immense fields of moving ice by which it is assailed in the spring.

I regret that I could not visit the other rock light-houses of England, or the Skerryvore and Bell Rock, the latter of which have given so enviable a reputation to the Stevensons, the distinguished family of Scottish light-house engineers.

THE RUNDLESTONE BELL-BUOY.

The bell-buoy which marks the Rundlestone, off the point of Land's End, is 10 feet in diameter at the water-line, moored with 45 fathoms of 14-inch chain and a 30-cwt. sinker, which is backed with 30 fathoms of 13-inch chain, and a second sinker of the same weight.