Education of the Human Race; you will therein find many luminous thoughts on various matters that are warmly disputed by modern thinkers; and, in addition to this, I will lay before you an example borrowed from my own life, and beg you to reflect whether it is worth following. During twelve years, at least, I preached, though a real unbeliever. I was at that time firmly convinced that Jesus had accommodated His discourses to the notions and even to the prejudices of the Jews; and this opinion induced me to think that I ought to be equally modest in reference to the established popular belief. Never, therefore, did I feel at liberty to dispute the article concerning the divinity and atonement of Christ, because I knew from the history of the Church, and from the experience of other persons, that since the first foundation of Christianity, these doctrines had given consolation to millions of men, and led them to repentance; and, although I was not myself convinced of their truth, I used to apply them in furtherance of morality, and love to God and man, whenever the subject would admit of it. I wish that, even should you not come to a decision in favour of the rectitude of this mode of proceeding, you would, at least, never publicly attack the doctrines in question. In Berlin, I suppose, you will have opportunities of reading Müller's Philosophical Essays-there is undoubtedly much that is true and excellent in them; and I also recommend you to read Hemsterhuys's philosophical works, if you can get them, and Bacon's Novum Organon Scientiarum. You will then see, my dear son, that true philosophers and independent thinkers are very modest people, and seldom wed themselves to a party, which, indeed, it is necessary to refrain from, if one would search for truth."

The disingenuous course avowed here, referred to an earlier period of the father's career, but even in its better strain is indicative of a man of weak understanding and timid disposition. Paternal affection and filial respect would always keep the pair on pleasant terms with each other, but it must be apparent at a glance, how little fitted the elder Schleiermacher was for the task of directing his son's understanding, or opening his eyes to clear views of "the truth as it is in Jesus."

A residence of two years at Halle, under the roof of Pastor Stubenrauch, his uncle, a most kind and judicious friend, did something towards relieving the student's mind of his tormenting doubts. But he had other cares besides spiritual ones to harass his soul, in anticipation of a University residence. Before finding his way to Halle, he thus sums up to his father the inevitable expenses of the place, and the amount of self-denial he was prepared to exercise in order to meet them-patience waiting on opportunity. Such men ought to succeed, and usually do succeed.

"How I am to manage to live in Halle is another question. My

friend there has sent me a list of the most necessary expenses :wood, annually, twelve florins; lodgings, with attendance, twentyfour florins; from these two items, little or nothing can be struck off. Dinner, forty florins; but herein I shall be able to make a considerable reduction. Breakfast and supper, forty-eight florins; but as I never take coffee, and eat very little in the evening, I may be able to cut off at least the half of this. Hair dresser, eight florins; boots and clothes-brushing, eight florins; laundress, eight florins; and in these calculations, clothes, linen, fees to professors, and the necessary books, besides other miscellaneous expenses, are not included. The worst of all is, that I am very, very badly off for linen and clothes, that by Easter I shall have nothing left of my allowance here, and that I must nevertheless order several things, as I cannot possibly appear in Halle in the same trim as here."

Thus slenderly furnished for college expenses, do many of these men fare forth for study, who afterwards become the profes-. sorial glory of Germany, and the lights of the world. After his three years of tuition in Count Dohna's family, accompanied with occasional preaching, and the same term spent at Landsberg, as locum tenens, a regularly ordained substitute for Pastor Schumann, he was transferred as a teacher and preacher to Berlin, where by harder and more systematic study, and by regular pulpit duties in a stimulating and exigent sphere, his great abilities became more highly cultivated, his society courted, and his rising fame established. He had He had every disadvantage of poverty, deformity, and unprepossessing address, to contend with, but all these gave way before a really good disposition, and great intellectual capacity. His residence at Berlin, brought him into early intimacy with the unfortunate Frederick Schlegel, who came to share his lodgings with him in the beginning of 1798. Schlegel was then a much better known person than Schleiermacher, lived by means of literature, and was a person of high culture and commanding talents. Association with a person of such distinguished ability was a great stimulus to our hero, urging him to contemplate authorship, a goal hitherto seemingly beyond his reach. He thus writes of Schlegel, he himself being now nine-and-twenty.

"He is about twenty-five, and the extent and variety of his knowledge is almost inconceivable at his age. He possesses, moreover, an originality of intellect, which, even here, where there is so much intellect and so much talent, far surpasses all others, and in his manner there is an absence of all artificiality, a frankness, and a childlike youthfulness, the combination of which, with his other qualities, is the most wonderful of all. Wherever he be, his wit and his simplicity make him the most delightful companion; but to me he is more than that, he is of the greatest and most essential

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benefit. He has not studied any so-called bread-science, nor does he wish to hold any office, his desire being, if possible, to live frugally and independently on the proceeds of his writings, which embrace none but important subjects, as he never condescends, for the sake of money, to bring mediocre wares to market. He is always spurring me on to write likewise; there are a thousand things, he says, that ought to be said, and which I am just the one to say; and since he has heard me read a little essay of my own composition, in the Society which I have named [the Wednesday Society], he leaves me no peace. We are at present meditating his joining me in my chambers at new year, and I shall feel a right royal exultation if the project be carried out, for at present I always lose an hour walking to and fro between his house and mine. Nota bene: His Christian name he has in common with me; he is called Friederich; and he is like me also in many of his natural failings. He is not musical, he does not draw, he does not like the French language, and he has bad eyes. During the last week, I have spent a good many of my forenoons, which I generally hold very sacred,

with him."

The joint home of the littérateurs is a very pleasant one for a while the following is a picture of it :

"Schlegel generally rises an hour earlier than I do, because I dare not, on account of my eyes, burn lights in the morning, and I therefore arrange matters so as not to awake before half-past eight. Sometimes, however, he lies in bed and reads, and I am generally awakened by the clatter of his coffee-cup. From his bed, he can open the door that separates my room from his, and then begins our morning chat. When I have done breakfast, we work some hours without interfering with one another; in general, however, we make a little pause before dinner, to eat an apple, of which we have a large and very choice provision; and while so doing, we discuss the subjects of our studies. Then begins the second period of study, which lasts until dinner-time; that is to say, until half-past one. As you are aware, I get my dinner from the Charité, but Schlegel has his brought him from a restaurant. Whichever comes first, is first consumed; then follows the second course, then a couple of glasses of wine; so that we spend nearly an hour at dinner. Of our afternoons, I cannot give so decided an account; but I am sorry to say, that I am generally the first to fly out of the cage, and the last to return in the evening. However, the whole of the latter part of the day is not devoted to social enjoyment; for several times in the week I attend lectures, and I also deliver some-of course privatissime-to some good friend or other, and not until this is done, do I go whithersoever inclination directs me. On my return home in the evening, at about ten or eleven, I find Schlegel still up, but he seems only to be waiting to say 'good night' to me, and then he goes to bed. I, on the contrary, then generally sit down to work,

until towards two o'clock, for from that hour until half-past eight one may have sleep enough.'

The pleasant residence of the two bachelor students together, ends with the marriage of Frederick Schlegel with the divorced lady of his friend Veit, the banker, who very kindly complied with the wishes of the parties, when he saw them hopelessly committed to a deplorable infatuation for each other. The quondam husband, a really excellent man, carried his complaisance still further, for he allowed his younger children to remain in the former Mrs. Veit's custody for years, in order that he might add to the comfort of the man that had robbed him of his wife's affections, by a considerable allowance for their support. Strange to say, and sad to say of those times, divorce was so easily obtainable on the slightest pretexts, that marriages of this kind were common and not discreditable. The case was the same with William Schlegel, only that his adventure had the additional ugly feature, that he had put away his own wife to marry another man's. The marriage, we may scarcely add, was not a happy one-such unions rarely are. They are the upshot of a sensual dream, and the awakening is disappointment-perhaps disgust.

The romance of our own hero's life turns upon a wretched attachment of the same kind, saved from a tragic close by the timely retractation and good sense of the lady. Among the houses visited by Schleiermacher at Berlin, was that of Pastor Grunow, chaplain of the Garrison Church in that city. This lady soon placed her confidence and her affections on the somewhat feminine, demonstrative, and emporté Schleier. Her union with her husband was childless; and we may presume there were other uncongenialities. She made no secret of her sorrows, and Schleiermacher in his intercourse with his friends, made no secret of his sympathy. The Professor would have formed a wretched confessor to maid and married wife, for his sympathies so overflowed for any one he took an interest in, that he did them more harm than good. This sprang from sheer simplicity and downrightness of character, and not from any more culpable feeling. He thought that injured damsels and matrons demanded an avenging knight, and he would not be contented that any one should be their Quixote but himself. The transcendental nature of his sympathy with Frau Grunow, is somewhat too high flown for our more sober judgment :-"the mutual relations between her and her husband were such, that their connection could not be deemed a true marriage, all the essential inward conditions of this being wanting. He believed that were the connection to be continued, her inner life could not fail to be utterly destroyed, and his

benefit. He has not studied any so-called bread-science, nor does he wish to hold any office, his desire being, if possible, to live frugally and independently on the proceeds of his writings, which embrace none but important subjects, as he never condescends, for the sake of money, to bring mediocre wares to market. He is always spurring me on to write likewise; there are a thousand things, he says, that ought to be said, and which I am just the one to say; and since he has heard me read a little essay of my own composi tion, in the Society which I have named [the Wednesday Society), he leaves me no peace. We are at present meditating his joining me in my chambers at new year, and I shall feel a right royal exultation if the project be carried out, for at present I always lose an hour walking to and fro between his house and mine. Nota bene : His Christian name he has in common with me; he is called Friederich; and he is like me also in many of his natural failings. He is not musical, he does not draw, he does not like the French language, and he has bad eyes. During the last week, I have spent a good many of my forenoons, which I generally hold very sacred,

with him."

The joint home of the littérateurs is a very pleasant one for a while: the following is a picture of it :

"Schlegel generally rises an hour earlier than I do, because I dare not, on account of my eyes, burn lights in the morning, and I therefore arrange matters so as not to awake before half-past eight. Sometimes, however, he lies in bed and reads, and I am generally awakened by the clatter of his coffee-cup. From his bed, he can

open the door that separates my room from his, and then begins our morning chat. When I have done breakfast, we work some hours without interfering with one another; in general, however, we make a little pause before dinner, to eat an apple, of which we have a large and very choice provision; and while so doing, we discuss the subjects of our studies. Then begins the second period of study, which lasts until dinner-time; that is to say, until half-past one. As you are aware, I get my dinner from the Charité, but Schlegel has his brought him from a restaurant. Whichever comes first, is first consumed; then follows the second course, then a couple of glasses of wine; so that we spend nearly an hour at dinner. Of our afternoons, I cannot give so decided an account; but I am sorry to say, that I am generally the first to fly out of the cage, and the last to return in the evening. However, the whole of the latter part of the day is not devoted to social enjoyment; for several times in the week I attend lectures, and I also deliver some-of course privitsime —to some good friend or other, and not until this is done, do I go whithersoever inclination directs me. On my return home in the evening, at about ten or eleven, I find Schlegel still up, but he seems only to be waiting to say good night' to me, and then he goes to bed. Í, on the contrary, then generally sit down to work,