Q: A: Question for the Record submitted to Charles Duelfer C.5.b. To what extent have the allies initiated investigations of diversions or undertaken investigations based on information supplied by the U.S.? Our allies have been very cooperative in investigating possible diversions of nonconventional weapons technology, whether based on information we have furnished or information from their own sources. The allies recognize the serious threat posed by proliferation and are in agreement with our position that urgent efforts to stem the spread of nonconventional weapons are a priority task for the international community. Q. A. Question for the Record submitted to Charles Duelfer May 1, 1991 6. Does the Administration have any indication that once the United States finishes its intensive look at this area, it will be business as usual? We have no indication that things will ever be the same again the field of nonproliferation. Our allies and nonproliferation partners continue to strengthen their organizations in which we participate, such as the nonconventional weapons are recognizing the seriousness of the threat and taking measures to improve their control systems and cooperate more closely with international nonproliferation efforts. APPENDIXES APPENDIX A.-U.S. General Accounting Office, Letter Dated April 12, 1991, From Allan I. Mendelowitz, Director, International Trade, Energy, and Finance Issues As you requested, this fact sheet (1) describes U.S. export RESULTS IN BRIEF Most countries in the Middle East are subject to similar The total number and dollar value of approved export 1As agreed with your staff, we are providing information on 10 Middle Eastern countries: Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. 2In mid-1990 the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen merged with the Yemen Arab republic to form the Republic of Yemen. B-243620.1 Table 1: U.S.-Approved Licenses for Export of Dual-Use Items to Selected Middle Eastern Countries, 1987-1990 Source: Based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce. During the past decade, total U.S. exports to the 10 selected Middle Eastern countries have averaged $10.9 billion per year; this sum represented less than 5 percent of total annual U.S. exports. Of the $10.9 billion in average annual exports to these countries, about $3.2 billion per year represents government-to-government military sales. Appendix I provides a more detailed discussion of U.S. export control policies for selected Middle Eastern countries and includes a schedule of foreign policy controls that affect these countries. Appendix II shows aggregate data on licensing decisions by the Commerce Department regarding the export of dual-use items to these Middle Eastern countries. Appendix III contains information on level of approved export licenses of dual-use items. Appendix IV provides data on foreign military sales. Appendix V contains economic data on the level of U.S. trade with the Middle Eastern countries reviewed. B-243620.1 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY To obtain information on current U.S. export control policies we reviewed applicable statutes, regulations, studies, and articles. We also spoke with officials from the Departments of Commerce, State, and Defense and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. For a historical perspective on foreign policy controls for the Middle East, we reviewed the Department of Commerce's annual reports for export administration and foreign policy control reports for fiscal years 1981-1990. However, We obtained statistical information from the Commerce Department on the number and dollar value of license applications for exports of dual-use items to selected Middle Eastern countries from October 1986 through December 1990. We requested similar data from the State Department -on exports of defense-related items and services. the State Department could not provide us with this information in time to include it in the report. We -compiled statistics from the Department of Commerce's and the United Nations' trade data bases to present an overview of the level and commodity structure of trade between the United States and the Middle Eastern countries reviewed. Finally, we used Department of Defense reports to summarize the extent of foreign military sales to the same countries over the past decade. We did not attempt to verify the data we obtained. We conducted our work during March and April 1991. As you requested, we did not obtain written agency comments. We did, however, discuss certain aspects of the information provided with responsible agency officials and have included their comments as appropriate. Unless you publicly announce its contents earlier, no further distribution of this report will be made until 30 days from its issue date. At that time, we will send copies to other interested congressional committees and to the Secretaries of Commerce and State. Copies will also be made available to others on request. |