Regards Mo as Generati ens. 9. And this Enquiry does not only regard the Generation of Bodies; tions, as well but likewife other Motions and Works of Nature: for Example, when Enquiry is made into the whole Series and continued Actions of Nutrition, from the first receiving of the Aliment, to a perfect Afsimilation; or, after the fame Manner, into the voluntary Motion of Animals, from the first Impreffion of the Imagination, and the continued Efforts of the Spirit, down to the bending and moving of the Limbs; or, again, in explaining the Motion of the Tongue, Lips, and other Organs, up to the Formation of articulate Sounds. For thefe Things alfo have regard to concrete Natures, or Natures affociate and organical; and belong, as it were, to the particular and efpecial Cuftoms of Nature; and not to the fundamental and common Laws which conftitute Forms. muft indeed be allowed, that this Method feems more facile, quick and promifing, than the primary Method, above mentioned ˇ. The Practice answering to the Theory.. Latent Procefs, what. Contains nu culars. lt 10. But the effective Part, which anfwers to this fpeculative one, in like manner extends, and advances its Operation, from thofe Things which are commonly found in Nature, to certain others that lie near, or not very remote: tho' the higher and radical Operations upon Nature require the former primary Axioms. And where Mankind has no Power of operating, but only of contemplating, as in the Celeftial Bodies, which we cannot operate upon, change or transform; yet the Enquiry of the Fact, or Truth of the Thing, belongs, no lefs than the Knowledge of Causes, and Relations, to the primary, and univerfal Axioms of fimple Natures: suppofe, for Example, the Enquiry about the Nature of fpontaneous Rotation, Attraction, and many other Natures; which are more common and familiar to us than the Celeftial Bodies themfelves. And let no one expect to determine the Queftion, whether the diurnal Motion belongs to the Heavens or the Earth, unless he first understand the Nature of fponataneous Rotation". APHORISM VI. 11. The latent Procefs we fpeak of, is a thing that cannot easily enter the Mind, fo befet as it is at prefent for we do not here mean certain vifible Measures, or Signs, or Steps of Procedure in Bodies; but a perfect continued Procefs, the greatest Part whereof efcapes the Senfe. 12. Thus, for Example, in every Generation and Transformation of merous Parti- Bodies, it comes to be enquired what is loft, or flies off; what stays behind; what is added; what dilated; what contracted; what united; what feparated; what continued; what cut off; what impells; what obftructs; what prevails; what yields, &. See above, §. 7. and again, Aph. 1. z See above, §. 7. 13. Nor a Because the more fimple, common, and obvious Natures must be understood, before we can hope to understand fuch as are compounded, remote, or abftrufe. See Vol. II. p. 15, 16, &c. Sce Part II. Aph. 1. 13. Nor are thefe Things only to be fought in the Generation, or Unregarded in Transformation, of Bodies; but after the fame manner, it comes to be the Sciences. enquired in all other Alterations and Motions; what precedes; what fucceeds; what is quick; what flow; what gives Motion, what governs it; and the like. But all thefe Things remain unknown, and untouched in the Sciences, which are, at prefent, formed in a very grofs, and perfectly inadequate Manner. For as every natural Action is performed by the fmalleft Particles, or at leaft by Particles fo fmall as to escape the Senfes; let no Man expect to govern Nature, or turn her Courfe, till he has, in a proper manner, become acquainted with thefe fmall Particles . APHORISM VII. known. 14. Again; the Enquiry, and Difcovery, of the concealed Structured in The concealed Bodies, is as much a new Thing, as the Difcovery of the latent Process Structure, uz and Form for Men have hitherto trod only in the outer Courts of Nature; and are not prepared to enter within. But no one can fuperinduce a new Nature upon a given Body; or fuccefsfully and appofitely change it into another Body; unless he has firft a competent Knowledge of the Body to be altered, or transformed; as without it he will fall upon fri-volous Methods, or at least fuch as are difficult, perverfe and unsuitable to the Nature of the Body whereon he operates: and therefore in this refpect alfo, a Way must be neceffarly opened and prepared. 15. Labour is properly and advantageously bestowed upon the Anatomy And difficult · of organical Bodies; fuch as thofe of Men and Brutes: as it feems a Thing to come at. of Subtilty, and a good Scrutiny of Nature. But this kind of Anatomy is a Work of the Eye, fubject to Senfe, and takes place only in organical Bodies; fo that it is an obvious and facile Thing, compared with the real Anatomy of the latent Structure in Bodies accounted fimilar; efpecially in fpecificate Things and their Parts; as Iron, and Stone; the fimilar Parts of Plants and Animals, as the Root, Leaf, Flower, Flefh, Blood, Bone, &c. And in this Particular, human Industry has not been entirely wanting; as appears from the Separations of fuppofed fimilar Bodies by Diftillations, and other Methods of Solution, in order to fhew the Diffimilarity of the Compound, by feparating and collecting its different homogeneous Parts together: Which is a Thing of Ufe, and makes to our prefent Purpose: tho' it is often fallacious; because many Natures are attributed to Separation, as if they pre-exifted in the Compound; whilft they are really given, and originally fuperinduced by the Fire, Heat, or other Method of refolving them. And this alfo is but a fmall Part of the Bufinefs of finding the true Structure of a Compound; as this Structure is a Thing of very great Delicacy and Subtilty, and rather confounded See Vol. III. p. 222, &c. Induction to be Fire, in the Analysis of Bodies. confounded them difcovered, and brought to Light, by the Operations of the Fire . 16. Bodies, therefore, are to be feparated, and refolved, not by Fire, fed inftead of but by Reafon, and genuine Induction; with the Affiftance of Experiand again, by comparing them with other Bodies, and reducing them to fimple Natures, and their Forms, which meet and are combined in the Compound; for we muft go over from Vulcan, to Minerva, if we would bring to Light the real Textures and Structures of Bodies; wherein all the fecret and specific Properties and Virtues of Things depend; and from whence the Rule of every powerful Alteration, and Transformation, is to be derived. The Spirit and 17. Thus, for Example, we muft enquire, what the Spirit in every tangible Parts Body is; and what the tangible Subftance; whether this Spirit be copious of Bodies, to be and turgid, or hungry and fmall in Quantity; whether it be thin or enquired after. grofs; airy or fiery; brisk or fluggish; weak or ftrong; in Progrefs Objections to the Bufinefs in band, anSwer'd. or Recefs; interrupted or continued; agreeing or difagreeing with the Things external and circumjacent, &c. And in like manner we are to enquire about the tangible Substance (which admits as many Differences as the Spirit ;) what its Coats, its Grain, and Fibres, its Kinds of Texture. Again, under the fame Enquiry comes the Distribution of the Spirit through the corporeal Mafs; with its Pores, Paffages, Veins, Cells, and the Rudiments, or firft Lineaments, of the organical Body. In which Cafes alfo, and confequently in the Investigation of every concealed Structure, a true and clear Light is afforded, by our primary Axioms, fufficient to dispel all Darkness and useless Subtilty f. APHORISM VIII. 18. Nor will this bring us to the Hypothefis of Atoms; which erroneoufly prefuppofes Vacuity, and a permanent State of Matter; but to real Particles, fuch as they are found. Nor need any one dread this Subtilty as inexplicable; for, on the contrary, the more the Enquiry tends to fimple Natures, the plainer and clearer will every Thing become; The Fire is a very improper Analyfer in many Cafes; efpecially where the Subject is capable of being fcorched, or "ender'd empyreumatic; which quite perverts or alters its Nature; as wee fee in burnt Sugar, c. f See Part II. Aph. 1, 5, and 7. This Caution appears to be feafonably interpofed; for, doubtlefs, many Readers, who have not been used to abftrufe Speculations, or mathematical Reafoning, will be at a Lofs to perceive what the Author drives at or be apt to imagine the Whole an intricate Subtilty, not worth the Trouble of Understanding. Those who think in this manner, may pleafe to pafs over, for a Time, the first ten Aphorifms of this Second Part, and begin with the eleventh; for the pra Etical Tables, and actual Method of investigating the Forms of Things; (where all is performed by Examples and fenfible Reprefentations ;) will prepare the Mind, and facilitate the underftanding of thefe more abftrufe Aphorifms, if read after fome tolerable Notion of the Business in hand, and the Method of conducting it, is procured. become; the Bufinefs being thus brought from Multiplicity to Simpli- APHORISM IX. And 19. From the two Kinds of Axioms above laid down, arises a just Philosophy díDivifion of Philofophy and the Sciences; taking the received Terms (which vided, with come neareft in expreffing the Thing) agreeably to our own Meaning; regard to priviz. fo that the Enquiry of Forms, which from the Reafon of the Thing condary Aximary, and feitself, and their own Law, are eternal, and immutable, may make Me- oms. taphyfics; and the Enquiry into the Efficient, the Matter, the concealed Procefs, and latent Structure, may conftitute Phyfics": as thefe feveral Particulars regard the common and ordinary Courfe, and not the fundamental and eternal Laws of Nature. And let each have its correfponding Branch of Practice; and Mechanics be made fubfervient to Phyfics; and Magic (taking that Word in its genuine Senfe) to Metaphyfics; on account of the wide Paffage which Magic affords into, and the great Command it has over Nature". And having thus established the Scope and End of our Doctrine; we proceed, in a regular Manner, to Precepts". APHORISM X. 20. The Indications for the Interpretation of Nature, include two gene- The Indicatiral Parts: the first relates to the railing of Axioms from Experience; and ons for inter the preting Na For as all the Variety of Sounds and Words are made out of twenty-four Letters; and all the Variety of Tunes out of e gut Notes; fo a few fimple Natures, or primary Properties, (fuch as Fluidity and Firmness, Volatility and Fixedness, &c.) appear to compofe all that Variety which we find in Bodies. For all the Motions, Powers, Forces, Operations, Energies, and Quantities of Bodies, must be computed, meafured, and determined, before Natural Philofophy can be perfected. But let not the Calculation be rathly applied, before the Facts are difcovered and afcertained; for Mathematics is not to conflitute, but only to limit Phyfics. See Vol. I. p. 90. Aph. 5. §. 7. and 8. 1 See Vol. I. p. 73, 74. m See Vol I. p. 87, &c. This Divifion appears extremely just and ufeful; but has not, perhaps, been any way confider'd and regarded as it deferves, on account of the imperfect State of Philofophy: for as Philofophy improves, this Divifion must, almoft of Neceffity, take Place. The nine precoding Aphorifms are a kind of close wrought, axiomatical Chain of Doctrine, that, when rightly understood, will appear deep, fagacious, and drawn from Nature; fo as to Jay a firm, juft, and adequate Foundation for the intended New Logic, or Method of investigating the Forms of Things. ture. Viz. A HiStory of Na ture. Tables of Inftances. Genuine Induction. The Procedure of Forms. the fecond to the deducing or deriving of new Experiment from Axioms °. The first is divided into three Kinds of Administrations, or Helps; viz. the Helps (1.) for the Sense; (2.) for the Memory; and, (3.) for the Reafon. 21. (1.) Therefore, a juft and adequate, Natural and Experimental History, is to be procured, as the Foundation of the whole Thing: for we are not to fancy, or imagine, but to discover what are the Works and Laws of Nature. 22. (2.) But Natural and Experimental Hiftory is fo copious and diffufive a Thing, as to confound and diftract the Understanding; unless fuch Hiftory be digefted and ranged in proper Order: therefore Tables, and fubfervient Chains of Inftances, are to be form'd and digefted in fuch a Manner, that the Understanding may commodiously work upon them. 23. (3.) And tho' this were done; yet the Understanding left to its felf, and its own fpontaneous Motion, is unequal to the Work, and unfit to enter upon the raising of Axioms; unless it be first regulated, ftrengthned and guarded therefore, in the third place, genuine and real Induction muft be used as the Key of Interpretation. But we are to begin at the End; and proceed backwards to the rest P. 24. The Enquiry of Forms proceeds in this manner. First, all the of the Enquiry known Inftances agreeing in the fame Nature, tho' in the most dissimilar Subjects, are to be brought together, and placed before the Understanding. And this Collection is to be made hiftorically, without any overhafty Indulgence of Speculation; or any great Subtilty, for the prefent. We will illuftrate the Thing by an Example in the Enquiry into the Form of Heat. • See Vol. III. p. 314, &c. This deriving of new Experiments from Axioms, is a Part of the prefent Work, that was not publifhed. See below, Aph. 21. P That is, we are to begin with Induction; and proceed backwards to the forming of a Natural and Experimental Hiftory; and then to the forming of Axioms, &c. Whereon the Advancement and Perfection of Philofophy, the Sciences, and all practical Arts, depend; as has been fhewn above, Aph. 1-7. 3 The |