Consequently the discovery of bones in excavations in Silver Street referred to by H. F. F. supplies interesting corroboration. Macaulay remarked of these fields:-"It was popularly believed that the earth was deeply tainted with infection, and could not be disturbed without imminent risk to human life.' Consistently with this view was established on the site Carnaby Market, clearly shown in Rocque's 'Survey' of 1745. J. PAUL DE CASTRO. I cannot trace any connexion between the Rev. Wm. Jolliffe and the present London Bridge, opened in 1831 This bridge was designed by George Rennie, a Scotch engineer and architect, and his brother, Sir John Rennie, another engineer, supervised the Jolliffe's name carrying out of the work. is not in the index of 'Ency. Brit.' (9th ed.). nor in Haydn's 'Dic. of Biog.' ALFRED S. E. ACKERMANN, MARTIN (MARTEN) (12 S. viii. 433).-InPOEMS FOR CHILDREN, TITLES WANTED formation about one of the Martins men(12 S. vi. 67).--I find the subjoined adver- tioned in the Diary of Samuel Pepys will tisements in Charles Swain's Art and be found in H. R. Plomer's Dictionary of Fashion,' London, Virtue Brothers and Com- Booksellers and Printers, who were at work pany, 1, Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, in England, Scotland, and Ireland, from 1641 to 1667,' where we find : 1863. Nursey Rhymes, an illustrated edition. By the same authors. Original Poems for Infant Minds. Select Poetry for Children, by Joseph Payne. John Martin or Martyn. Mentioned as a bookseller at the Bell in St. Paul's Churchyard from 1649 to 1680. He was in partnership with James Allestry (also mentioned by Pepys) and succeeded I may note that Charles Swain, the Man-him as publisher to the Royal Society. References to him cease in 1680. chester Poet, was my father's cousin by the marriage of my grandfather's sister, both aliens in this country. FRED. L. TAVARÉ. 22, Treatham Street, Pendleton, Manchester. OAK SNUFF-BOX FROM FOUNDATION-PILE OF OLD LONDON BRIDGE (12 S. ix. 31, 76). A gavel made of oak from a foundation-pile of Old London Bridge is in the possession of the Lodge of Antiquity, No. 2. It had originally two silver plates, one of which bore the Arms of the Society of Master Carpenters, the other the inscription : This mallet, which is formed from one of the oak piles of Old London Bridge erected in the reign of Henry II., A.D. 1176, was presented to the Society of Master Carpenters by Mr. Thomas Grissell, Dec., 1833. These are now covered by two silver-gilt plates, one bearing the Arins of the Lodge of Antiquity, the other the inscription: From references under the name of Allestry we find that, during the rebuilding of St. Paul's Churchyard, the partners moved into Duck Lane (now Little Britain) amongst the other booksellers, returning to the Churchyard after under the old sign. As Pepys's references to Martin do not begin until 1667-8, it may well be that it was the position Martin held with the Royal Society which brought the diarist in contact with him. Chiswick. W. H. WHITEAR. REFERENCE WANTED (12 S. viii. 471; ix. 56).-Professor Bensly quotes in your issue of 16th inst. Goethe's saying in the third division of his Maximen und Reflexionen,' "Es ist nichts schrecklicher, als eine thätige Unwissenheit," but Goethe expressed the same thought in somewhat different words at the conclusion of the Upon the dissolution of the Society of Master fourth paragraph from the end of the first Carpenters, this mallet was returned to the donor, division, as follows:-"Nichts ist schreckMr. Thomas Grissell, the builder of the presentlicher, als die Unwissenheit handeln zu Houses of Parliament, who, A.D. 1869, gave it to his brother, Mr. Henry Grissell, who gave it to the sehen." In both cases Goethe says that there is nothing more frightful than ignoIn a letter accompanying the presentation rance in action. He does not say that there Mr. Henry Grissell stated that the piece is nothing more dangerous (gefährlich), and of oak was in 1833 in the possession of an the quotation, therefore, as originally given old member of the Court of Common Council in the enquiry, that "the most dangerous of the City of London, and that he gave it thing in the world is ignorance in motion," to Mr. Thomas Grissell, who was then Master is not, strictly speaking, correct. of the Society of Master Carpenters. L. of A. C. W. FIREBRACE, Capt. F. R. CAVE. Folly Gate, Okehampton, Devon. HORSE-RIDING RECORDS (12 S. viii. 509; historiographer of United Spain by ix. 32, 56, 73). In the Autobiography of Ferdinand the Catholic. He was the author Sir Harry Smith, Chapter 32, Sir Harry of the valuable Cronica de España describes his ride from Cape Town to abreviada" (first edition, 1482). During Grahamstown. He started on Jan. 1, 1835 the following three centuries several memand arrived in Grahamstown bers of the family distinguished themselves as military officers in the Spanish SouthAmerican colonies, and in the eighteenth century some entered the Austrian service in Belgium and were "created" barons and counts of the "Holy Roman Empire." The best known member of the family in the nineteenth century was Don Juan de Valera, born Cabra (Cordova), 1824, died 1905. He held for some time a diplomatic position at Washington, and was the author of several popular novels, plays, and poems. ANDREW DE TERNANT. fresh enough to have fought a general action, Ealing. VISCOUNT STAFFORD, 1680 (12 S. viii. 409, 454, 478, 497, 516).-I wish to thank all correspondents who have so kindly replied to my query re Viscount Stafford. I have found Burke's Extinct Peerage,' recommended by E. E. COPE, give much useful information; that same work states that John Howard, second son of William Viscount Stafford, married as his second wife Theresa, daughter of Robert Strickland, Esq., and had issue by her a son and daughter, Edward and Herriott. Nothing more is mentioned concerning them; did either or both of them marry and if so were any children born to them. Is it known where Robert Strickland lived? Bedford. L. H. CHAMBERS. 36, Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S. W. Notes on Books. A Short History of Scotland. By Charles Sanford LAST year Professor Sanford Terry produced index. book of ROBERT PARR, CENTENARIAN (11 S. iv. 309, 378; 12 S. viii. 457).-In Records of Longevity,' by Joseph Taylor, published in 1818, it stated that Robert Parr died in August, 1757, but as the date of the month is given in Toone's work probably that is correct. A Mrs. Parr, widow, of Liverpool, died 1818, aged 103. She had been a widow for fifty-five years; was she related The Ociocentenary of Reading Abbey: A.D. 1121to Robert and Thomas Parr ? 'Records of Longevity,' by Thomas Bailey, 1857, says Robert Parr was married twice. By his first wife he had but two children, who both died young and one, a daughter, by his second. Bedford. L. H. CHAMBERS. DE VALERA (12 S. ix. 72).--The surname of Valera is fairly common in Spain, Portugal and Italy. The founder of the noble branch, of which the present day Mr. de Valera is a descendant, was Don Diego de Valera, born at Cuenca, 1412, d. about 1482. He was majordomo to Isabella of Castille, and made A.D. 1921. By Jamieson B. Hurry, M.A., THE eight hundredth anniversary of the founding the as 100 NOTES AND QUERIES. "the most junction of the Thames and the Kennet, was a Benedictine (Cluniac) house of great wealth and enduring memorial of the ancient Abbey" and dignity. Yet, as Dr. Hurry says, [12 S. IX. JULY 30, 1921. The Cambridge Scene: Being Sketches of the its chief title to fame in future years may be CANON STOKES is icumen in, transcribed. " contributed these 21 papers which there was composed and Cambridge Review in 1918-1919, when staff were living in the rooms of the Colleges described." the MS. (now in the British Museum) of Sumer (his book includes Girton and Newnham) to The standing interest in the subject, and Dr. Hurry But they make up a little book which any novice There is much else, however, that is of out- officers and naval lieutenants and military cadets tells the story, from the foundation to the Disso- in the subject will find complete in itself and a lution and from the Dissolution through the Civil valuable introduction to the fuller works by War to the present day, from many points of Clark and others. wise words, also, about what might have hap- say much in few lines. No College gets more view and in very attractive style. He has some enough to be impartial, and adroit enough to constructive policy had attended the than ten pages; no College less than five. Big dissolution of this and the other monasteries. pened if a The Eton College Register, 1753-1790. Alpha Canon Stokes is learned Trinity has only six; little Peterhouse has ten. betically arranged and edited with biographical and lively mind make the book amusing as well Spottiswoode, Ballantyne. 308. net.) notes by Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh (Eton: as instructive. There are some neat black-andMR. AUSTEN-LEIGH begins with 1753 because only | Eton from that time forward is the Eton MS. collection The Print-Collector's Quarterly. Vol. 8, No. 2. and he ends with 1790 because Etonians from THIS is the second number of this excellent of Annual School Lists approximately complete;| 1791 onwards are already included in Stapylton's little periodical to be published in England, whither it has been transferred from the United The magazine may be confidently discovery--the MS. list of boys admitted by Dr. recommended to amateurs of prints of all kinds, sources he consulted (among them his own happy States. Barnard, Headmaster, between 1754 and 1765) since its scope includes work, old and new, of all and what labour he has been at to make his book nations, in etching, engraving, lithography, complete as possible. He has done the work wood-cutting and the allied arts. The contents well, and has produced a volume that will be not of the current issue consist of a paper on Jean only of interest to Etonians but of great value Duvet, by Mr. A. E. Popham; the first article tobiographers and genealogists. The period of two on modern woodcuts, by Mr. Herbert that be has chosen is one rich in notable names. Furst; a specially valuable paper on Under Wesley one may find the Duke of Undescribed States of Meryon Etchings," by Wellington; Cornwallis appears also. Sumner Mr. Harold J. L. Wright, and an account, by and Simeon are among the Churchmen. Fox, Mr. Frank Gibson, of the etchings and lithoCanning, Grey, Melbourne (Mr. William graphs of Mr. George Clausen, R.A. In all cases Lamb, 1789-96) and Windham are of the States- the work is scholarly and the lists of great service men; Porson among the scholars; Hallam and John to collectors; while the illustrations are exHookham Frere among the writers; Wordsworth's tremely good for their size. Sir George Beaumont among the painters; Bankes among the men of science; Charles Young among the actors. Here, too, are Beau Brummel and his brother, and Colonel George Hanger, the dandy, who married his cook; and Henry Angelo, the fencer, and the capable eldest son of "Capability" Brown, the gardener. And here are less successful and reputable people, like queer old George Combe (Combes in the list), "of uncertain parentage," who wrote "Dr. Syntax" and lived many years in the Fleet; and Thomas Palmer, who was sent to Botany Bay for sedition; and that romantic scoundrel, George Robert ("Fighting ") Fitzgerald, who after a wild life killed a man in a fracas and was hanged for murder. Notices to Correspondents. ALL communications intended for insertion in the sender-not necessarily for publication, but as our columns should bear the name and address of a guarantee of good faith. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Adver tisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4; corrected proofs to The Editor, 'N. & Q.,' Printing House Square, London, E.C.4. WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, correspondents are requested to give within parenthesesimmediately after the exact heading the numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found. WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to another contributor correspondents are requested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of ' N. & Q.' to which the letter refers. LONDON, AUGUST 6, 1921. CONTENTS.-No. 173. NOTES:-Curious Medieval Seals, 101-Dickson Family 104-Principal London Coffee-houses, Taverns and Inns in the Eighteenth Century, 105-Two Items Concerning Edmund Burke-Washington Family: Origin and ArmsSound of Final "a" 107-Anglo-Dutch Relationships Opinionation, &c.-Lowse Faire-Bathwomen, 108 The Lancashire Hollands-The Royal Route to Weymouth-Remember the Grotto, 109. of Edinburgh-Glass-Painters of York, 103-Heraldic, QUERIES:-Sicco Pede-Babylonian Astronomy, 109- century Ewe's Milk Cheese in Essex-Arms on Seal- tionary'-' The Owl Sacred Pack of the Fox Indians'- Notes. CURIOUS MEDIEVAL SEALS. non by lesser freeholders having in some cases no claim to coat-armour, by rising attorneys, by rich burgesses, or by merchants who had prospered and acquired lands, a class which in the thirteenth century was becoming increasMerchants of Acton Burnel of 2 Edw. I. ingly important, as witness the Statute of The seals are generally of excellent crafts. manship, and in character some are sentimental, some satirical, some humorous, some quaintly symbolical. The examples given here were, I think, in all cases the seals of men having holdings within the regard of the forest. 66 1. From a deed of Ric. le Taillour" of Essington depends a seal showing an eagle with wings displayed and the motto Aquila volente (for volante ?). 2. Of another deed of the same Richard the seal bears figures of a man and a woman draped in long loose frocks reaching to mid-calf, the man bare-headed, the woman veiled, the twain standing face to face each side of a tall plant or tree of a single stem, which springs out of a heart in base and bears fruit which may also be smaller hearts, one in the midst and one on the apex of each of its two stiff branches above. Each figure grasps the stem of the tree with the right hand, and the legend is "Love me and I yew." The mystic meaning, if mystery there be, of the tree issuing from a heart, let the ingenious reader fathom. 3. Another deed has a seal of a bird perched on a tree-top, surmounted by the single word "Yay." This puzzle also I commend to the wise. 4. The seal of another deed of the same 'Ric. le Taylour displays busts of a man and a woman gazing at each other -the man uncovered, the woman veiled. Between them stands a palmlike tree rising (as in No. 2) out of a heart in base. The tree has three branches shown fanfashion, and each branch has three smaller branches, nine altogether, no doubt of some once-obvious As is well known, the seals hanging from ancient deeds are sometimes unexpectedly original, fanciful, and decidedly heraldic. I find among my papers the appended examples, temp. Edw. I. and II., or early Edw. III., all of which are in the muniment room of Hilton, South Staffordshire, a manor held since Elizabethan times by a branch of the Vernon family. Hilton was one of the many vills within the wide signification. The legend or motto is "Je limits of the great moorland and forest tract of Cannock Chase, most, if not all, of which had been afforested by the date of the coronation of King Henry Fitz-Empress (1154), and at Hilton resided, during the whole of the Plantagenet period, the Seneschals or Chief Wardens of the forest. The seals which I have selected are such as were invented and used, though not exclusively so, suis sel de amour lel," which may be rendered "I am the seal of affection leal." Richard the Taylor, a prosperous gentleman, held some land of Sir Robert de Essington in Essington, a manor close to Hilton and well within the regard. He seems to have been a man of delicate vein and apparently, in his role of the constant lover, much beloved of the ladi 5. Here we have a seal adorned with the an offender in the matter of new assarts, figure of a crowned lady and the motto and had been fined more than once and "Ave Mia reule." What hidden secret ordered to level his fences. And it may be lies here? Have we here Mary the Virgin, that he had been brought to bay, too, in the o is this an example of contemporary matter of a stag, as a much greater man than trifling with things sacred-a great liberty, himself had been-namely, Hugh de Loges, though not greater than that sculptured the Chief Warden of the Forest, temp. picture of the Fall in the church of Stanley Hen. III., who did not escape under a less St. Leonard's, where Adam and Eve are penalty than a round fine of 200 marks. represented in the quadrupedal form of This seal hangs from a deed of Robert de two beasts with human faces? But if Essington, and Robert de Essington had Mary the Virgin, what becomes of the been presented for waste in his woods obtruded reule? Now it so happens that at Essington, and certain of his family within easy distance of the forest there lived for new assarts. Neighbours are not always a family named Reule or Rewle or Rewel. neighbourly, and perhaps Robert de EsThe Reules of Reule (Rule) were Stafford- sington in this seal was having a sly shire folk not exactly of knightly rank, dig at neighbour Bowles-a conclusion, yet still of quite gentle origin and standing. however, which is only a surmise, a bow What then if, notwithstanding the royal drawn at a venture. alb-like robe, the crowned head, and the old formula of salutation, the matrix of this seal was designed in honour, not of the Queen of Heaven, but of the queen of the enamoured donor's heart? In that case we must assume that Mary Reule was a famous beauty, the toast of the countryside, and we may feel some regret that we have not her portrait, by some contemporary Sir Joshua, with which to garnish a page of 'N. & Q.' On the other hand, in the absence of the preposition, there may be no secret in the matter, and the reading, somewhat absurdly, may stand thus-"Ave Mĩa rule(s)" ! 7. A deed of late Edw. I., from Philip, son of Robert Walter (Waltare) of Molleslie (Moseley) to John de Swynnerton, Kt., concerning a selion of land at Essington called Holefeld, has a seal displaying a lion rampant and the motto "Sum leo fortis "I am the lion strong! 8. Again, there is a deed of 1330 of Richard Osberne of Essington to Sir Jno. de Swynnerton, which gives us a hare riding on a dog, a leporarius, and the motto "Sohou Roben." 9. Lastly we have another of the same type, but displaying a hare courant only, and the motto "Sohou sohou." This example is paralleled by a seal dated 1307 and quoted in the Oxford Dictionary under Soho, the only difference being that the seal of the latter shows us the hare in her form. The foregoing examples are too interesting not to be recorded. Perhaps other contributors can add to the list. Now comes another puzzling seal attached to a deed of Sir Robert de Essington, and showing a stag at bay or dying, and the curious legend "Alas Bowles." At first sight it might seem as if we had here, in Bowles the Stag, an old fable-companion or cousin of Renard the Fox, Bruin the Bear, Puss the Hare, Jenny the Wren, and Robin Redbreast. But that is not so. There seems to be no connexion between Bowles was the name of a well-known family, the old coursing cry soho, in which some tenants of the fee of Rushall, held, like see the origin of the name of our London Essington, as of the Barony of Dudley, and Soho, and the exclamatory shoo. But s situated within the forest limits only four survival may perhaps be found in the cry miles from Hilton as the crow flies. William soo, common in the Isle of Man many years de Bowles, a Reguarder in Edward I.'s ago, and perhaps elsewhere. That little time, was promoted Verderer in Edward kingdom in the sea was always a good II.'s time. His was a rising family, for coursing country, and the cry was used his son, another William, married Elizabeth, relatively to dogs and to dogs only. Thus daughter of Sir John Giffard of Chillington, even boys when chasing a cat or hunting a who was in his father's debt £100. In 1286 rat would urge on their dog with "Soo, dog. William de "Boweles," with his fellow- soo!" And again, with a note of menace Reguarders, failed to make presentments, in the voice, to drive an unwelcome dog as in duty bound, of old and new assarts, away, a prolonged soo-o-o would be uttered. and was fined 40d. He was also himself CHARLES SWYNNERTON. F.S.A. |