But it seems the higler and the hagler is the same person, and so this sense of the latter word is omitted by him.

A Newt. An eft, or small lizard, of which newt is the common name in Derbyshire and Staffordshire. Plott, Hist. Staff. p. 244. 251; and it is used by Shakespeare's Macbeth, A. IV. Sc. 1. "Newt, says Dr. Johnson, is supposed by Skinner to be contracted from an evet," and it certainly is so. The Saxon word is efete; so that the gradation is an efete, an evet, a nevet, a newt, v consonant being turned into u, just as v in Devil is changed into u by those who pronounce it, as the vulgar often do, Deul.

A Needle, anciently written a neld, which perhaps may by Crasis be an eld, the same as an else, used by shoemakers.

Nawl, i. e. an awl, implement of the cobler, used by Beaum. and Fletcher, VIII. p. 55.

A Noddy; quasi, by a Crasis, an oddy; a singular or whimsical person.

A Nailbourn. This word is both so written and pronounced in Kent, and, answering to the vipseys or gypseys in Yorkshire, Camd. Col. 901, or Ray on the Deluge, p. 95. means a torrent which flows only now and then, or once in a few years. Now, when these torrents broke out, they were supposed to betoken famines, sicknesses, and deaths, chiefly I presume sicknesses; whence I conjecture there is a Crasis in the case, a nailbourn being in fact an ailbourn, as the forerunner of ails or diseases. It is written, however, eylebourn by Dr. Harris, p. 240, 23, 411. and so Philipot gives it, p. 42. which perhaps may be a corruption of ailbourn, but as these desultory torrents often abound with small eels, it is possible they might take their name from thence, quasi eelbournes. But there will still be a Crasis in nailbourn.

AT. This particle coheres chiefly in such names of persons as are taken from situation; as,

Tash, which Mr. Camden thinks is contracted from at ash. Remains, p. 123.

Twells. As we have the name of Atwells, or Atwell, one has certainly reason to think that Twells is a Crasis for at Wells.

AB or AP.-We have certain names now in England, brought originally, I suppose, from Wales, in which the ab or ap is become a part of the name that followed it. At first they were patronymics, though they are not so now. Thus Pugh is ap Hugh; Price or Brice, ap Rice; Pritchard, ap Richard; Prideaux, ap Rideaux; Bevan, ap Evan; Bowen, ap Owen; Powel, ap Hoel.

By.-Bilive, i. e. by le Eve; sometimes written blive and blyve. Gloss. to Chaucer, v. Blive.

DI.-Didapper, the bird, quasi Dive-Dapper; which is confirmed by its being called Dab-Chick in Kent.

Do.-Don and doff, i. e. to do on, and do off. See Johnson in Vocibus.

DE.-In names of persons drawn from the places of their abode, or extraction, the French particle De will often coalesce with the name of the place, if it begin with a vowel. Danvers, de or d'Anvers; Daeth, de or d'Aeth, a town in Hainault; Dashwood may be supposed to be de or d'Ashwood; Davill, d'Eivill; Camden, Remains, p. 122; Doily, de Oily, ibid. p. 111; Dauney, ibid. p. 122. Aunay is a plot of ground where alders grow; and, to name no more, Devereux is undoubtedly d'Evereux.

ECHE or EACH.--Hence every chone, Skelton, p. 192, i. e. every each one; which we have now contracted to every one. I.-This pronoun easily coalesces, as I'm, I'll, I'ld, i. e. I would. Percy's Songs, p. 81. Ychulle, Percy, III. p. xvii. i. e. I shall, ye shall.

IN.-Ith for in the; hence yth, Percy, I. p. 6.

IT.-Hence 'tis.

MINE.-My neam, my nont; nuncle, nont. These words are used familiarly in the north by young people to the elder sort, though there be no alliance or relation between them. Eame is the Saxon for uncle, and the possessive pronoun mine has grown to it. The second is from mine aunt in like manner, as likewise nuncle (see Shakespeare, Lear I. sc. 4.) and nont.

NE. This old negative very readily coincided with words beginning with a vowel or a w.

Nis and nys, i. e. ne is, or is not; Skelton, p. 62. Nill, for ne will; nilt, ne wilt: Fairfax, Chaucer. Hence will or nill: Invective against Wolsey. So nil'd for ne would: Mirrour of Magistrates, p. 487.

N'ot, and nolt, for ne wot, or know not, written in Machabree, folio 220, note. Nolt occurs in Fairfax, xviii. 50. None is either ne one or no one.

Nere, i. e. ne were: Fairfax, xii. 81.

Nould, ne would: Fairfax, v. 47; x. 61; alibi.

Nought, ne ought; written also formerly noght.

Nam, neam; nart, neart; nad, ne had; nist, ne wist: all in Chaucer.

O.-Ho! I take to mean, O ye.

OF.-o'th', i. e. of the. Hence ath the, Percy, i. p. 6.

where the abounds by the mistake of the copyist; for p. 9. you have athe, for of the, twice.

SAINT.-This word, prefixed to the names of certain holy men, or reputed to be so, either adhered, by means of its last letter T, to the name of such saint, or the whole of it was joined to it; especially in certain of our sirnames borrowed from the names of saints. I shall specify, first, some cases where the last letter only adheres, which mostly happens where the name begins with a vowel. Thus the French S. Agnan, or Aignan, was pronounced by some in, Francé S. Tignan: H. Steph. Apolog. pour Herodote iii. p. 242, Edit. 1735.

A Tantony pig; so written in Drake's Eborac. p. 315, meaning a pig of St. Anthony.

Tawdery, i. e. St. Audrey; "a term borrowed from those times when they tricked and bedecked the shrines and altārs of the saints, as being at vye with each other on that occa sion. The votaries of St. Audrey (an isle of Ely saint) exceeding all the rest in the dress and equipage of her altar, it grew into a byword upon any thing that was very gaudy, that it was all taudry, as much as to say, all St. Audrey:" Canting Dict. v. Taudry.

Talkmund. St. Alkmond's church at Derby is commonly called Talkmund.

San Telme. The meteor called St. Elmo in Ulloa, ii. p. 350, is written San Telmo

S. Tathan, St. Athan or Aithan. Memorial of Brit. Piety, Append. p. 40.

S. Twinnel, i. e. St. Winnol. Ibid. p. 48.

Tooley-street, Tooley-bridge, Tooley-corner, all in Southwark, from St. Olave, pronounced Olye, as Camden gives it: Remains, p. 123.

St. Tooses. St. Osithe's, written St. Tooses in Bailey's Life of Bishop Fisher, p. 88. Mr. Camden observes, that St. Osyth is turned into Saint Tows: Remains, ibid.

St. Tabbe, St. Ebba was the famous prioress of Coldingham, who chose to deform herself, with her nuns, rather than be abused by the insolent Danes. See Camden, Remains, L c. also Fuller, Worthies in Rutland.

St. Thetha, or St. Teath. St. Etha was a Cornish Saint. St. Tomer. This name we have in Camden's Remains, p. 151, for St. Omer, or de Sto. Awdomaro,

St. Tole. St. Aldate's church, or St. Old's at Oxford, is vulgarly called St. Tole's. Pointer, Oxon. Acad. p. 109.▸ Town. This sirname, I imagine, may be corrupted of St. Owen, who occurs in Camden, p. 151,

I come now to those instances where the whole substance as it were, of the word Saint is incorporated with the name, as is evident from many of our sirnames taken from the names of saints. The French San, as in Sampol, Sammarthanus, &c. coheres thus in their language.

Samond: i. e. St. Amand, or de Sto. Amando. Simberd. St. Barbe, or de Sta. Barbara. Camden, p. 150. Sinclair, De Sta. Clara, or de Sto. Claro, as Newcourt, in Repert. i. p. 224. But q. if this be not an error?

Sanlis, Senliz, Singlis. These are St. Lis, or de Sto. Lisio, or Sylvanectensis, for which see Camden, p. 150.

Sentlo. St. Lo, or de Sto. Laudo, Camden, p. 151. .⠀

Sentlow. This is different from the former, being interpreted de Sancto Lupo. Camden. ibid. Lupus is the name of saint.

Sellinger. So they commonly propounce this name; whereas the orthography is St. Leger, i. e. de Sto. Leodegario. Camden, p. 156.

Semarton, St. Martin, or de Sto. Martino. Camden, p. 151. Semarc. St. Medard. Camden, p. 150. But one would rather think St. Marc.

Seimple, Sampol. The first is the Scotch name, the second the French; both are St. Paul.

Seimpere, Sampier, or Sempere. St. Peter, or de Sto. Petro, Semour. De Sto. Mauro.

THE-Bydene, i. e. by the even, or by night. Romance of Anys and Amylion.

To thende. To the ende. Caxton, Mirrour, cap. 5.

Taylot. Glocestershire word; meaning an hay-loft. At first, no doubt, they said in taylot, for in the hay-left; and then converted the whole into a substantive, calling a hay-loft by that name.

Tuffold, or Tovel. This means an hovel in Derbyshire, where they first said in tovel, i. e. in the hovel; and then, by mistake, took tovel to be the substantive, for hovel.

Ton and Tother: as, do you take ton, and I'll take tother; meaning the one and the other. The ton, Percy i, p. 7, where either the or t abounds; and yet this is very commonly used, as is the tother, for which see Percy, p. 58.

Tierne cross, in Somner's Antiq. of Canterb. p. 11, 169, is the iron cross.

Nathless. Not the less. See Dr. Johnson.

To.-By cutting off the o, this sign glues itself to many verbs in Caxton, and other authors; as tabound, taccomplish, tarrette it, i. e. to impute it; toffer; talledge hungre and thurste, Caxton, in Myrrour, cap. 5, is to allay them.

Two. This numeral will sometimes cohere with a noun, as twinter, a calf two winters or two years old. Derbyshire. Tovet. This, in Kent, means two pecks, and consequently is a coalition of two fat or vat.

A Twibill. This is an implement that cuts both ways; and as two is pronounced often twa, hence you have twabill, or twi-bill.

THREE-A Trivet is an household implement of iron with three feet to stand before the fire, for the purpose of setting any thing upon to dry or warm, and takes its name from the said three feet. See Tanner, Biblioth. in Nic. Trivet.

TOOT.-This word means to peep, or peep out. When peas in Derbyshire first appear, they are said to toot, i. e. to out and hence they have the participle tooting. Thus, I conceive that tooting at Tunbridge-wells means to out, in the way of inviting and bringing guests to their master's house.

POSTSCRIPT.

TRIMON.-In the anonymous metrical history of the battle of Floddon-field, lately published, it is observed, p. 32, that St. Paul, St. Peter, and St. Andrew, never taught the Scottish prelates to go to war, but rather some later Popish saints, Trimon of Quhytehorn, or Doffin of Ross; where, as St. Niman was the great saint at Candida Casa, or Whitehern, the editor says, we should read Ninian of Quhytehorn. An emendation is undoubtedly necessary; this, however, is not a happy one. The Scots, it seems, call Ninian, Ringen, (see Memorial of Brit. Piety, p. 131.) whence I conjecture there is a Crasis here, and that the true correction is Tringen. If this be the truth, as I presume it is, it affords a pregnant instance of the usefulness of attending to the effects of the Crasis: but, indeed, of this, in point of etymology, we have seen many examples above.

SMERWICK. There is something particular in this, as the first letter, instead of the last, in Saint, coalesces; for it means St. Marywick in the county of Kerry, in Ireland. Campbell, Lives of Adm. ii. p. 49.

1777, July, Aug.