River toward Geneva, and overcome an elevation of 63.6 feet; one ascending from Seneca River toward Montezuma, 10 feet; one at Montezuma ascending 3 feet into the Erie Canal, and a 10 foot lock carries the branch to East Cayuga. This is an important canal, chiefly in view of its connec tions, which form with it a line of interior navigation from Montezuma, southerly, to the Chesapeake Bay. The work of construction was commenced in 1827, and the canal completed in 1839. The enlargement, which was commenced in 1855, is now (1860) three-fourths finished. The estimates for completion amount to $130,979. STATEMENT of the Receipts and Payments on account of the Cayuga and Seneca Canal, from the commencement of the work to the 30th September, 1859: 1837. 226,036 22.77 20,274 16,649 31,931 1838 226,036 22.77 23,541 17,489 21,064 1839. 226,036 22.77 26.300 19,355 25,306 1856. 1840. 226,036 22.77 32,486 17,787 24,197 1857. 1841. 228,091 22.77 34,634 22,445 17,840 1858. 1842. 238,911 2277 31,716 17,993 16,233 | 1859. 1,033,685 22.77 80.602 17,449 7,676 17 yrs 3,519,425 318.78 168,951 231,139 220,014 | 17 yrs 8,290,341 387.09 1,053,833 402,878 281,763 Aver. 207,025 22.77 28,158 13,591 12,883 | Aver. 487,667 22.77 61,931 23,693 16,574 1854 449,428 22.77 72,995 24.809 18,736 1855. 567,249 22 77 76,744 21,916 12,728 736,047 22.77 131,907 20,921 12.641 120,435 19,457 15,723 75,968 14,402 33.983 SENECA RIVER TOWING PATH. The Seneca River Towing Path is about 5 miles long. It is of little importThe revenue derived from it in 1859 was $242. ance. CROOKED LAKE CANAL. LENGTH-Dresden to Penn Yan............... .7.69 miles The Crooked Lake Canal connects the navigation of Seneca and Crooked Lakes, the ascent from the former to the latter, 273 feet, being reached by 28 locks. The surface of Seneca Lake is 441 feet, and of Crooked Lake 714 feet above tide-water; and the length of the former, from Geneva to Havana, 37 miles, and of the latter, from Penn Yan to Hammondsport, 22 miles. This canal was commenced in 1830, and completed in 1833. STATEMENT of the Receipts and Payments on account of the Crooked Lake Canal, from the commencement of the work to the 30th September, 1859. COST, MILEAGE, TONNAGE, REVENUE AND EXPENSES. Mile Re Ex Cost of MileRe- Exage. Tonnage. venues. penses. $1,008 $2,438 | 1847. $213,672 7.69 36,318 $1,774 86,941 Cost of Year. Works. age. Tonnage. venues. penses. Year. 1834 $140,012 7.69 4,045 1848. 271,166 7.69 34,155 1,858 9.441 1.954 1837. 140,672 769 1,796 5,761 140,672 7.69 5,603 1851. 289,890 7.69 3,663 1852. 6,044 1842. 140.674 7.69 1,582 304,047 7.69 1845. 140,683 7.69 304,631 7.69 304,778 7.69 17,933 715 440 13 ys. $1,853,404 99.97 296,623 $20,845 $73,759 | 13 ys $3,714,249 99.97 142,569 7.69 29,662 1,603 5,676 | Aver. 285,711 769 Aver. 395,218 $17,274 $71,316 30,401 1,329 5,486 CHEMUNG CANAL. LENGTH-Seneca Lake to Elmira..... Feeder from Canal at Horseheads to Knoxville... .23.00 miles. ...16.75 CC The Chemung Canal enters the valley of Catharine Creek, at the head of Seneca Lake, which it follows to the village of Horseheads, 15 miles; and thence, by the valley of Marsh Creek, is conducted to Elmira, on the Chemung River, 6 miles-forming part of a chain of communication reaching from the Erie Canal to the Susquehanna, and thence to Chesapeake Bay and the Ocean. In the first 11 miles, the rise from the Lake is 443 feet, which is overcome by 44 lift locks; the summit level is about 5 miles long, and thence to Elmira the fall is 48 feet, by 5 locks. A navigable feeder, taking its water from the Chemung River, at Knoxville, extends thence to the summit level, at Horseheads, a distance of 163 miles, making, with the main line, nearly 40 miles of navigation. It has three lift locks at its eastern terminus, where it joins the canal, and a guard lock, the latter connecting it with the Chemung. The total lockage on the feeder is 27 feet. The total distance from Montezuma, by way of the Cayuga Seneca Canal, the Seneca Lake and the Chemung Canal is 83 miles. The construction was commenced in 1830, and completed in 1833. STATEMENT of the Receipts and Payments on account of the Chemung Canal, from the commencement of the work to the 30th September, 1859. COST, MILEAGE, TONNAGE, REVENUES AND EXPENSES. Cost of Mile- TonYears. Works. age. nage. 1834 $340,696 23 1835. 342,955 23 Re- Ex- 102,886 254,196 | 13 ys. 89,855,236 299 2,589,670 219,138 599,030 16,857 46,079 1840. 348,183 23 13 ys. $5,829,402 299 632,744 GENESEE VALLEY CANAL. LENGTH-Main Line: Rochester to Olean.. Extension: Olean to Millgrove.. .107.00 miles. 11.20 66 6.75 66 The Genesee Valley Canal connects the Erie Canal at Rochester, with the Alleghany River at Olean and Millgrove, and has a branch extending from the main line at Shakers, four miles south of Mount Morris, to the village of Dansville. The lockage from Rochester to the summit level in Alleghany county is all ascending, as is also that by the branch to Dansville. The ascent to Mount Morris and Shakers is 934 feet, reached by 10 locks, and thence to the summit 8844 feet, reached by 87 locks. The summit level extends from New Hudson to North Hinsdale, a distance of 12 miles, and thence the canal descends to the Alleghany River, 86 feet, by 9 locks. Elevation above tide -Rochester 507 feet, Mount Morris and Shakers 601 feet, the summit 1,485 feet, and the Alleghany at Olean, 1,397 feet. The ascent from Shakers to Dansville is 824 feet, reached by 8 locks. All the work of construction on this canal is completed, except two lift locks intended to connect the same with the Alleghany. The water supply for the main line is derived from the following sources. a feeder from Allen's Creek at Scottsville; the Genesee River a mile north of Mount Morris; a feeder from Wiscoy Creek at Mixville; a feeder from the Genesee at Oramel; the Rocksville reservoirs; a feeder from Oil Creek reservoir two miles north of Cuba; Champlain and Chamberlain's Creeks in the village of Cuba, and a feeder from Ischua Creek near Hinsdale. The last four enter the canal on the summit level. South of the summit, at Smith's Mills, there is a short feeder from Olean Creek. The Dansville Branch is supplied by a feeder from Mill Creek at Dansville, and one from the Canasaragua, two miles north of that place. The supply for the branch is short during the dry season, and is about to be increased by new works. The construction of the Genesee Valley Canal was commenced in 1837, and completed as follows: Rochester to Shakers, 41 miles, and Shakers to Dansville, 11.2 miles, in 1840; Shakers to Oramel 36.4 miles, in 1851; Oramel to Belfast, 1.95 mile, in 1853; Belfast to Rockville, 12.8 miles, in 1854; Rockville to Olean Basin, 25.4 miles, in 1856, and to the Alleghany in 1860. The Extension Canal was commenced in June, 1857, and completed to Portville, about 5 miles, in August, 1859. STATEMENT of the Receipts and Payments on account of the Genesee Valley Canal, from the commencement of the work to the 30th September, 1859 Receipts Loans.. Discount on loans. $56,380 Premium Temporary loans. Payments Loans repaid.... Temporary loans repaid 41,274-83,843,726 | Interest on loans... .$3,885,000 15,106 From Sinking Fund... From other Funds Gross tolls (1841-59). 555,000 Surplus tolls to Erie Canal.. 3,567,673 Canal Commissioners (cost) 1,693,209 Superintendent of repairs 449,362 Collectors Interest on deposits Miscellaneous Deficiencies paid from general fund. 46 Total from E. & C. Can. funds 1,375,951 COST, MILEAGE, TONNAGE, REVENUES AND EXPENSES. .... . $11,868,789 age. nage. nues. penses. Cost of Mile- Ton- Reve- ExCost of Mile- Ton- Reve- ExYear. Works. age. nage. nues. penses. Year. Works. 1840 $2,167,380 52.2 13,653 $.. 82,176 1850.84,351,376 522 89,804 $28.822 $18,737 1841. 2,7-0,140 52.2 26,892 12,275 13,675 1851. 4,580,756 88.6 100,722 25,451 36,706 1842. 3,300,549 52.2 41,860 12,076 19,371 1852. 4,789,687 88.6 122,901 25,064 76,383 1843. 3,471,217 52.2 48,313 13,734 15,261 | 1853- 4,972,233 905 157,164 30,184 62,093 1844 3,673,324 52.2 65,077 18,587 17,260 1854. 5,071,173 93.3 158,942 30.662 47,883 1845. 3,708,635 52.2 73,546 20,484 17,157 | 1855. 5,194,854 93.3 102,321 28,391 54,295 1846. 3,747,964 52.2 87,615 24,183 19,078 1856- 5,318,675 93.3 113,731 23,366 25.560 1847. 3,758,406 522 95,632 25,055 17,288 1857- 5,388,554 117.7 114,576 25,966 44,923 1848. 3,791,442 52.2 98,467 26,012 28,533 1858. 5,462,810 117.7 118,303 25,652 53,771 1849. 3,976,211 52.2 84,674 25,234 18,791 | 1859. 5,522,656 122.7 124,263 24,164 36,063 10 ys.$34,375,263 5220 635,729 177,640 168,590 | 10 ys 50,652,774 957.9 1,202,727 271,722 457,414 Aver. 3,437,526 52.0 63,573 17,764 16,859 | Aver. 5,065,277 95.8 120,272 27,172 45,641 JUNCTION CANAL. NGTH-Elmira to State line of Pennsylvania... ..13 miles. The Junction Canal was constructed by an incorporated company with the Sign of connecting Chemung Canal, at Elmira, with the Wyoming or Upper North Branch Canal of Pennsylvania, and completed in 1858. By means of this short but important link in the chain of canals, a continuous naviga tion for boats of 180 tons is secured from the Erie Canal, at Montezuma, to Chesapeake Bay and the Ocean. The Railroad first constructed in the State of New Jersey was the Camden and Amboy, which was chartered in 1830, and completed between Bordentown and Hightstown, 14 miles, on the 22d December, 1832, and between Camden and South Amboy, 614 miles, in 1834. The Trenton Branch, 6 miles, and the line between Trenton and New Brunswick were completed in 1839. The Philadelphia and Trenton, which is owned by the Camden and Amboy, and forms a part of its line, was purchased in 1837. This road is probably the most productive work of the kind ever constructed. It has paid dividends averaging nearly 12 per cent. annually for twenty-seven years, accumulating in the mean time a very large surplus. Its extraordinary revenues are in a great measure due to the monopoly it enjoys of the right of way between the cities of New York and Philadelphia. This monopoly was not created in the act incorporating the Company, but was subsequently purchased by a grant to the State of stock in the road to the amount of $200,000, and by an agreement to pay certain transit duties on persons and property passing through its territory. The parties connected with this. work were not long in perceiving the value of the exclusive right of way across the State, which may be regarded as the key to the great routes of commerce and travel for the whole country, with the power to levy exorbitant tolls. The State became a willing party to the scheme, under the idea that it could thereby draw the means for supporting its government from citizens of other States, thus relieving its own from the burdens of taxation. Such a result has been gained. The State now derives a revenue of over $200,000 annually from transit duties and dividends on the stock presented to it. The effect, however, has been to build up within it a power, to which, in all matters touching real or fancied interest, the Legislature |