The Erdman Act was repealed by the more comprehensive Act of July 15, 1913.27

The labor provisions of the Transportation Act, 1920, superseded previous Acts on the subject of wages of railroad carriers, but the law has been further amended by Act approved May 20, 1926, known as the Railway Labor Act.

§ 397. Breaking Seals of Railroad Cars Containing Interstate or Foreign Shipments.-By Act of Feb. 13, 1913, it was made a crime unlawfully to break the seal of any railroad car containing interstate or foreign shipments of freight or express, or to enter such car with intent to commit larceny therein, or to steal, unlawfully take, carry away or conceal goods or chattels moving as interstate freight, or to buy or receive such when unlawfully taken by another.28

§ 398. Transportation of Stolen Motor Vehicles Prohibited. The National Motor Vehicle Act prohibits the transportation in interstate or foreign commerce of a motor vehicle knowing the same to have been stolen.

§ 399. Child-Labor Law. The Congress, by Act of September 1, 1916,20 sought to prohibit the transportation in interstate commerce of certain goods mined or manufactured where children were employed. The statute was held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court,30 and the Congress has now sought to prevent the employment of children through the taxing power.31

27 Act July 15, 1913, 38 Stat. 103, Chap. 6, Fed. Stat. Ann. 1914 Supp. p. 244; superseding Act Note 25, ante.

28 Act Feb. 13, 1913, 37 Stat. 670, Chap. 50, Fed. Stat. Ann. 1914 Supp. 203, Comp. Stat. 1916, Vol. 8, Sections 8603, 8604. See also Train Robbery Act, July 1, 1902. 62 Stat. 727; Chap. 1376; Fed. Stat. Ann., Vol. 6, p. 758. A conviction under this statute sustained, Morris v. United States, 229 Fed. 516, 143 C. C. A. 584. The Act is constitutional, Friedman v. United States, 233 Fed. 429. Applies to trans

portation by express, Kambeitz V. United States, 262 Fed. 378.

29 Act Sept. 1916, Chapter 432, Comp. Stat. 1916, sections 8819a to 8819e.

30 Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U. S. 251, 62 L. Ed. 1101, 38 Sup. Ct. 529, Ann. Cas. 1918E 724. See article by the present writer, Case and Comment, April, 1917, page 906.

31 Act Feby. 24, 1919, C. 18, Sections 1200 to 1207, Comp. Stat. Supp. 1919 Vol. 1, pages 1376 to 1378.

ACTS REGULATING COMMERCE.

Act approved February 4, 1887, effective April 5, 1887, Chapter 104, 24 Stat. 379, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 1-22, incl., known as the Cullom Act.

Amendment of March 2, 1889, Chapter 382, 25 Stat. 855, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 6, 10, 12, 14, 16-18, 21, 22, 49.

Amendment of February 10, 1891, Chapter 128, 26 Stat. 743, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 12.

Amendment of February 8, 1895, Chapter 61, 28 Stat. 643, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 22.

Act of February 11, 1893, Chapter 83, 27 Stat. 443, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 46, known as the Compulsory Testimony Act.

Act of February 11, 1903, Chapter 544, 32 Stat. 823, 15 U. S. C. A., Sections 28, 29, known as the Expediting Act.

Act of February 19, 1903, Chapter 708, 32 Stat. 847, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 41-43, incl., known as the Elkins Act.

Act of February 25, 1903, Chapter 755, 32 Stat. 903, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 41, being one section of an appropriation act.

Act of June 29, 1906, Chapter 3591, 34 Stat. 584, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 1, 6, 11, 14-16, 16a, 18, 20, 41, known as the Hepburn Act.

Act of June 30, 1906, Chapter 3920, 34 Stat. 798, 15 U. S. C. A., Section 51. Act of April 13, 1908, Chapter 143, 35 Stat. 60, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 1. Act of June 18, 1910, Chapter 309, 36 Stat. 539, 28 U. S. C. A., Sections 27, 28, 41, 45, 46, 48, 214, 380; 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 1, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 50.

Act of August 24, 1912, Chapter 390, 37 Stat. 566, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 5, 6, 51, known as the Panama Canal Act.

Act of March 1, 1913, Chapter 92, 37 Stat. 701, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 19a. Act of March 4, 1913, Chapter 160, 37 Stat. 1013, 28 U. S. C. A., Section 380. Act of October 22, 1913, 28 U. S. C. A., Sections 41, 43, 45, 48, 214, known as the District Court Act.

Government-Aided Railroad and Telegraph Act, Chapter 772, 25 Stat. 382, 47 U. S. C. A., Sections 9-15, incl.

Lake Erie and Ohio River Ship Canal Act, Chapter 3933, 34 Stat. 809.

Parcel Post Act, approved June 8, 1896, 29 Stat. 262, 39 U. S. C. A., Section 240, et seq.

Act of February 4, 1887, Chapter 104, 24 Stat. 382, 49 U. S. C. A., Section 9, known as the Witness Act.

Transportation Act, 1920, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 1-142, incl.

Bills of Lading Act (Act of August 29, 1916), Chapter 415, 39 Stat. 538, 49 U. S. C. A., Sections 81-124, incl.

Acts amending Interstate Commerce Act and Bills of Lading Act passed from 1921-1929 as noted in connection with individual sections.

$400. Title of Act and Definitions.

401. Scope of Interstate Commerce Act; not Applicable to Intrastate Com

402.

merce.

Certain Water Transportation Exempted.

403. Terms "Common Carrier," "Railroad,” and “Transportation" Defined. 404. Duty of Carrier to Furnish Transportation and to Establish Through Routes.

405. 406.

407.

408.

All Transportation Charges Must Be Reasonable.

Classification of Telegraph, Telephone and Cable Messages.
Classifications, Regulations and Practices Must be Reasonable.

Free Service with Certain Exceptions Prohibited and Penalties Pre-
scribed.

409. Excepting Cincinnati Southern Railway.

410.

411.

412.

Railroad Companies Prohibited from Transporting Commodities in
Which They Are Interested, with Certain Exceptions.

Terms under Which Switch Connections Shall Be Made.
Car Service Defined.

413. Duty of Carrier To Furnish Safe and Adequate Car Service.
414. Duty of Carrier To Make Reasonable Distribution of Cars.
415.

Schedule of Car Service Must be Filed.

416. Authority of Commission to Establish Car Service Rules. 417. Authority of Commission to Require Joint Use of Terminals.

418.

419.

420.

421.

Routing Regulations.

Commission May Act by Agents-Penalties.

Extension and Abandonment of Present Railroad Facilities.
Procedure in Applying For Extensions or Abandonments.

422. Further Procedural Rules-Penalties.

423. Commission May Require Extension of Facilities.

424. Facilities Solely Within One State Exempted.

425.

427.

Punishment For Obstructing Interstate or Foreign Commerce.

426. Provisions Relating to Duties of Carriers During War.
Definition and Prohibition of Unjust Discrimination.
Undue and Unreasonable Preference Prohibited.
429. Regulation of Collection of Transportation Charges.
430.

428.

Carriers Shall Accord Reasonable and Equal Facilities for Interchange of Traffic.

431. Joint Use of Terminal Facilities May be Required.

435.

Rates Reduced by Competition with Water Routes-Not Increased When. 436. Pooling of Freights and Division of Earnings Regulated.

440.

Conditions Under Which Consolidations Must Be Made.

441. Applications to Consolidate.

442. Express Companies Consolidation.

443. Anti-Trust Laws Not to Apply.

444. Rail Carrier Not to Own Competing Water Carriers.

445. Whether or Not Competition Exists to be Determined by the Com

mission.

446. Commission May Relieve from Provision.

447.

448.

449.

Water Carriers to File Tariffs.

Violators of Sherman Anti-Trust Act Not to Use Panama Canal.
Carriers Shall File, Print and Keep Public Schedules of Rates.

450. Regulations as to Printing and Posting Schedules of Rates for Freight Moving Through Foreign Countries from and to Any Place in the United States.

451. 452.

453.

No Change of Schedules of Rates Shall Be Made Without Notice.
Names of All Carriers Parties to Schedules Must Be Specified.
Carriers Shall File Contracts Relating to Traffic Arrangements.

454. Commission May Prescribe Form of Schedules.

455. No Carrier Shall Participate in Interstate Commerce Unless the Charges Therefor are Published, and No Such Carrier Shall Deviate from the Published Schedules.

456. Preference and Precedence May Be Given Military Traffic in Time of War.

457.

The Commission May Reject Schedules.

458. Penalty for Failure to Comply with Orders under Section Six.

459. Penalty for Misstating or Failure to State Rate.

460. Must Post Name of Agent.

461. Corporations Violating the Interstate Commerce Act Guilty as Individuals and Punishment Prescribed.

462.

463.

Rebate Punishment for Offering, Granting, Soliciting, or Accepting.
Act of Officer or Agent, When Binding.

464. Carrier Filing or Participating in Rate Bound Thereby.

465. Forfeiture for Rebating in Addition to Penalties; Limitation of Six Years Fixed.

467. Physical Connection Between Rail Lines and Docks of Water Carriers. 468. Through Routes and Joint Rates Between Rail and Water Carriers. 469. Proportional Rates to and from Ports.

470. Through Rates via Panama Canal.

471.

Conditions under Which Through Routes and Joint Rates with Water Carriers May Be Operated to be Prescribed by the Commission. 472. Contracts and Combinations to Prevent Continuous Carriage of Freight Prohibited.

473. Damages and Attorneys' Fees Allowed for Violations.

474. Where to Sue for Damages, Compulsory Attendance of Witnesses and Production of Papers.

475. Penalties for Violations of the Act.

476. Penalties for False Billing, False Classification, False Weighing, Etc., by Carriers.

477. Penalties Against Shippers for False Billing, Etc.

478. Penalties and Damages for Inducing Discriminations. 479. Appointments and Terms of Office of Commissioners. 480. Powers and Duties of Commissioners.

481. Power of Courts to Punish for Disobedience; Witnesses Not Excused Because Testimony May Incriminate.

482. Right to Take Testimony by Depositions and the Manner Thereof Prescribed.

483. Persons Who May File Complaints with the Commission and Practice with Reference Thereto.

484. Commission May on Its Own Motion Institute Investigations. 485. Procedure When State Rates Involved.

486. Order of Commission Binding Notwithstanding State Laws.

487. Reports of Commission on Investigations, How Made and Published. 488. Power of Commission to Determine and Prescribe Just and Reasonable Rates, Regulations and Practices.

489. When Orders Take Effect and How Long Continue Unless Modified or Set Aside by the Commission or a Court.

490. Through Routes and Joint Rates May Be Established by the Commission. 491. Limitations on the Power to Prescribe Through Routes.

492. Delivery of Ordinary Live-Stock.

493. Divisions of Joint Rates May Be Prescribed by Commission.

494. Right to Suspend Proposed Increases in Rates.

495. Burden of Proof to Justify Rates Increased After Jan. 1, 1910.

496. Shippers May Designate Routing.

499. Unlawful to Give or Receive Information Relative to Shipments. 500. Charges for Instrumentalities Furnished by Shipper Must Be Reasonable.

501.

502.

503.

504.

Enumeration of Powers of Commission Not Exclusive.

Meaning of Words "Rates" and "Carriers.'

Commission's Power to Initiate Rates-Fair Return.

Percentage Constituting a Fair Return to be Determined by Commission.

505. Determination of Aggregate Value of Property.

506. Income in Excess of Fair Return a Trust Fund.

507. Disposition of Excess Over Six Per Centum. 508.

Carrier's Use of Reserve Fund.

509. Limit of Five Per Centum for Reserve Fund.

510. Rules to be Prescribed for Recovery of Excess Income.

511. Administration of This Trust Fund by Commission.

512. Applications by Carriers for Loan of Trust Fund.

513. Action by the Commission on Applications for Loans.

514. Applications by Carriers for Lease of Facilities Controlled by the Commission.

515. Procedure on Application for Lease.

516. Commission May Purchase Equipment.

518. Section not to Deprive Shippers of Right to Reparation.

519. Rights of Carriers When Undertaking New Construction.

520. Award of Damages Shall Be Made by Commission after Hearing.