TABLE X: ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING CHILDREN IN VARIOUS LINES OF INDUSTRY.

General Total, 20 3 32 25 25 31 45 41 11

2. 1

6 22 18 11

TABLE X: CONTINUED.

METAL FACTORIES EMPLOYING WOMEN IN VARIOUS LINES OF INDUSTRY.

There was no need of extending this table to include mills engaged in the production of textile goods or wearing apparel; for in many of these the employment of women was coextensive with the whole industry.

NOTES ON THE RETURNS OF HOURS OF LABOR.

It was hard to arrange these returns in such a way as to show the facts clearly and correctly.

In the first place, it was often difficult to distinguish between over-time or short-time which was exceptional and long or short hours which were habitual.

In the second place, it was sometimes impossible to tell how many hands were affected by the longer hours for which the factory was run. This was especially the case in a paper manufacturing industry, and forced us with great reluctance to throw out these returns altogether. The industries least subject to these disturbing elements are the textile factories. It is for the most part easy to distinguish the return of a sixty-hour mill from that of a sixty-six hour mill; and it is precisely in these lines of business that the results prove most striking, showing an unmistakable connection between long hours and monthly payments.

Table XI has been arranged as far as possible on the basis of hours actually run; Table XII takes more regard of the habitual length of the working day.

The four main groups of Table XI are made up somewhat as follows:

Fifty-four hours or less. This includes quite a number of persons engaged in trades on the one hand, and factories running short time on account of slack business, on the other hand; also a few large concerns which run but nine hours regularly.

Fifty-five to fifty-nine hours. This includes, first, — and most important-those occupations which run short time for a part of the year, on account of want of light. Second, those which shorten the hours of labor on Saturday - most

of these running fifty-nine hours a week in all. Fifty-nine and a half hour mills have not been separated from sixtyhour mills in the tabulation. Third, those concerns which have suffered from slack work during a part of the year.

Sixty hours. This includes the great body of regular tenhour mills with steady work; also those whose over-time and short-time either balance one another closely or seem relatively unimportant.

Over sixty hours. This includes the eleven-hour textile mills, together with a variety of employments which cannot be closely grouped, but which, on account of the nature of the business, demand continuous employment of exceptional length.

The groups in Table XII are made up as follows:

1. Establishments having a working day of over ten hours, or working over-time so constantly as to produce the same effect.

2. Ten-hour mills.

3. Ten-hour mills with half an hour or an hour off Saturday.

4. Ten-hour mills running short on account of slack business.

5. Ten-hour establishments running short-time in the winter.

6. Establishments with a maximum working week of from fifty-five to fifty-eight and one-half hours.

7. Establishments running nine hours per day or less.