Consecration is to be used at the north side of the table, so that the minister looks south, whether a broader or a narrower side of the table be towards the north.

It is mentioned that Mr. Purchas' chapel does not stand in the usual position, and that, in fact, he occupied the east side when he stood with his back towards the people. If it had happened, as it does in one of the Chapels Royal, that the north side had been where the west side usually is, a question between the letter and spirit of the Rubrics would have arisen. But the defendant seems to us to have departed both from the letter and the spirit of the Rubrics, and our advice to her Majesty will be that a monition should issue to him as to this charge also.

As all the charges have been proved against the defendant, except as to two less important particulars, we direct that he shall pay the costs in this Court and in the Court below.

III.

THE TICHBORNE CASE.

WE do not propose this year to set before our readers a full and detailed report of the proceedings in this celebrated trial, which, when the year closed, had lasted seventy days, and had comprised the "Plaintiff's Case" only. It will on all accounts be more convenient to wait until the whole case has closed before attempting to report it in our ordinary form; and we shall content ourselves for the present with a brief summary of the results of the inquiry, so far as it this year proceeded.

The trial commenced in June, under the name of "Tichborne v. Lushington," in the Court of Common Pleas, before Lord Chief-Justice Bovill and a special Jury. Mr. Sergeant Ballantine, Mr. Giffard, Q.C., Mr. Pollard, Mr. Jenne, and Mr. W. B. Rose, appeared for the Plaintiff; Sir John Coleridge (Solicitor and afterwards Attorney-General), Mr. Hawkins, Q.C., Sir G. Honeyman, Q.C., Mr. Chapman Barber, and Mr. Bowen, were counsel for the defence; Mr. Henry Matthews, Q.C., was for the Trustees of the Doughty Estate.

The action was in the form of an ejectment; and the issue to be determined, as defined by the Court of Chancery (whence the case came), was, whether the claimant was or was not the heir of Sir James Tichborne, who died in the year 1862; or, to use the language of Sergeant Ballantine, "whether a person who now claims to be entitled to an ancient baronetcy and extensive estates, is really the true heir, or is, in truth, an outrageous impostor." Upon that issue the claimant having to make out that he was the heir, he, of course, began, and it is only from his evidence the present account is collected.

The heir of Sir James Tichborne was his son Roger, who was born in 1829. His parents-his mother being a Frenchwoman- resided in France, and there he was born and brought up, until he was 14 or 15 years of age. Consequently he spoke French with facility; and it appears that he even spoke English with a French accent. His parents being Roman Catholics, he was sent to Stonyhurst College for education, and was there three or four

years. In October, 1849, he entered the army, and obtained a commission in a cavalry regiment (the Carabineers), stationed first at Canterbury, and afterwards in Dublin and other parts of Ireland. His parents continued to reside in Paris, and he corresponded with them in terms of affection. Many of his letters were produced and printed, and it is enough to say of them that they are written with propriety as to ideas, and feelings, and expression, and that, though they contained some minor misspellings and some Gallicisms, they have no vulgarities. Witnesses stated that at this time Roger Tichborne was pale and thin, and that he had good manners. He, of course, moved in good society; one of his intimate friends was Sir Clifford Constable, whom he visited at Burton. He was connected on his mother's side with the family of the Seymours, and on his father's side with the best Roman Catholic families, including the Townleys and the Radcliffes, and among others he knew was Mr. Radcliffe, who afterwards married Miss Doughty When he attained the age of 21, which was on the 5th of January, 1852, he joined in disentailing the estates, on which occasion a Mr. Hopkins acted as his attorney. It should be stated here that the family attorney was a gentleman named Gosford, in whom Roger Tichborne had great confidence, and with whom he was always on terms of personal intimacy. Roger was on duty with his regiment in Ireland until January, 1853, except during temporary leave of absence. When he had leave of absence he used to stay with his uncle, Sir Edward Doughty, who then held the baronetcy and estates at Tichborne-park, and there he fell in love with his cousin, Kate Doughty, then a girl of 17. The Christmas of 1851 was spent by Roger Tichborne at his uncle's, and there he appears to have proposed to his cousin, and to have been rejected. This appears from his letters to have occurred in January, 1852, and the date proved important. The event appears to have greatly affected him, for on the 5th of January he wrote that he intended going abroad, and desired to made certain arrangements as to his estate, and that he had confided his private wishes and intentions to Mr. Gosford. There is no doubt that he deposited with Mr. Gosford a sealed packet containing his last wishes and intentions, and the claimant, in his evidence, stated that there were no other private wishes and intentions than those contained in the packet. This, it will be observed, was on the 7th of January, 1852. Ten days later he was in Paris, where he arrived on the 16th, and next day wrote to Mr. Gosford, alluding in terms of bitter disappointment to the sudden termination of his visit to Tichborne. Early in February he wrote to his cousin in terms of affection, referring sorrowfully to the breaking-off of their engagement, and alluding to an angry interview with his uncle, which had led to his sudden departure. Again, next day, he wrote to her in terms which indicated that he had been rejected on account of some fault in his character; and he declared that he should occupy three years in trying to reform and in becoming all she wished. It appears that he still entertained a hope at some future time of marrying her, and on the 22nd of June, 1852, he signed a paper, in which he solemnly vowed to build a church if his hopes should be realized. While in this state of mind he threw up his commission and made arrangements for going abroad for a year or so. Some of the last letters of Roger Tichborne while in England were to Miss Doughty. Thus on the 6th of December, 1852, he wrote to her in affectionate terms that he was unable to come down and see her, as he had to go to Paris to see his

parents, and that he should probably remain there until a week or ten days before he embarked for South America. He told her that he should be glad to hear from her, and would certainly answer her letters, and give her an account of his wanderings. He went to Paris accordingly to see his parents, and promised them to return immediately in the event of his father's death. His mother said :

"When Roger quitted Paris, just before his departure, his father, after having vainly tried to make him give up the idea of going away, at last told him that, at least if God was to take him, he hoped he would come back immediately to be his mother's protector. To that he readily consented, and said that in that melancholy case he would return to his mother.”—(Letter, Oct. 17, 1865.)

Early in 1853 Roger went to London to make final arrangements for his voyage. From London he wrote to his parents in affectionate terms. In this letter he stated that his intention was to go to South America, and to be abroad "a year or eighteen months." He sailed from Havre on the 1st of March, 1853, for Valparaiso, with one Moore as his servant; and from the time of his arrival in South America he continued to write to his mother, or his aunt, Lady Doughty, or Mrs. Seymour. He arrived at Valparaiso on the 19th of June, 1853. He stayed there only a few days, and went to Callao, and thence to Lima. Thence he went a fortnight's excursion to Guayaquil, and then, on the 12th of December, back to Valparaiso, and thence to Santiago. This was on the 11th of January, 1854, and from Santiago he went across the Cordilleras, to Mendoza, and thence, on the 13th of February, to Buenos Ayres. He then wrote that he should go to Montevideo on his way to Brazil, and that he should go thence to Kingston, Jamaica, on his way to Mexico. On the 29th of June, 1853, Roger wrote from Valparaiso to Mr. Gosford, mentioning that he had heard of the death of his uncle, by which his father had succeeded to the baronetcy, and that he presumed his parents were settled at Tichborne. He had arrived, he said, at Valparaiso on the 19th of June, and he intended to go to Lima, and then to Chili and Peru, and so to work his way to the south in the spring, so as to be at Buenos Ayres or Montevideo. The letters of Roger Tichborne did not, so far as had appeared, mention any stay at Mellapilla, and his journal had not yet been put in. The claimant stated that he was there for some weeks, and that he there made the acquaintance of a family named De Castro, whose name he afterwards assumed. It appeared in evidence that Orton also was at Mellapilla (though at what precise time was uncertain), for De Castro, in writing to the claimant, stated that the person whom he described as Sir Roger bore the name of Arthur Orton, and sent home a lock of hair which at first the claimant declared to be his own, but which afterwards he said had been cut from the head of Orton. In December, 1853, Roger wrote to his mother, giving an account of his journey to Lima. From Lima, he said, he went back to Valparaiso, on his way to Santiago; from which place he said he meant to go to Buenos Ayres and Montevideo, and cross the Cordilleras and the Pampas. He hoped, he said, to find letters at Buenos Ayres or Montevideo, and he very carefully gave an address at Bahia for the purpose of correspondence. On the 24th of February, 1854, Roger wrote from Buenos Ayres an affectionate letter to his aunt, Lady Doughty (the mother of the cousin to whom he had been attached)-a most affectionate letter-sending her some

presents, begging her to write, giving his address at Kingston, Jamaica, and sending his love to his cousin Kate. The terms of this letter indicate that he had already corresponded with them, and it will have been seen that he had promised to do so. On the 1st of March, 1854, Roger wrote to his mother from Buenos Ayres the last letter prior to his departure. In this he stated that he should in a few days leave for Montevideo, where he should remain for a few days before he went to Brazil. "When you answer this letter," he wrote, "direct yours to Post-office, Kingston, Jamaica, where I shall call to get my letters on my way to Mexico, where I expect to be about three months and a half." In this letter he alludes to a journal he kept, and which he said he should copy out when he had time. On the 20th of April, 1854, he sailed from Rio in a ship called the "Bella," which foundered at sea, and was treated by the owners and underwriters as lost; and from that time until the claimant appeared nothing more was heard of Roger Tichborne. A Chancery suit was instituted, in which his death was legally proved. Year after year rolled by, his cousin Kate married Mr. Radcliffe, his father died, and his death was widely published, but nothing was heard of him until the plaintiff set up his claim. The claimant certainly was in Australia subsequently to the loss of the "Bella," but at what period he arrived there is of course in dispute. His case is that he is Roger Tichborne, that he was picked up at sea with several other of the seamen, and carried to Melbourne; but of this, as yet, there has been no other evidence than his own statement, which, of course, is disputed. As already mentioned, Roger, before he embarked, had heard of the death of his uncle, Sir Edward, of his father's succession to the title and estates, and he had a considerable sum at his banker's. The claimant stated that from 1854 to 1865 he passed under the name of De Castro, and that he was occupied with horses, slaughtering, &c. In 1862 he was at Wagga-Wagga looking after horses, slaughtering, &c. While there he was in difficulties, and he made the acquaintance of an attorney named Gibbes, whom he described as his "best friend," and who acted for him. As one part of the case relates to the suggested identity of the claimant with Orton, it is necessary here to state that it appears that Orton was in Australia subsequently to the loss of the "Bella," for a receipt of his has been produced, dated, "Hobarton, 1855.” It also appears that Orton was in South America before Roger left, and that he was at Mellapilla; for De Castro, a friend of the claimant, wrote to him that the person who was there bore the name of Arthur Orton, and a lock of hair has been sent from Mellapilla, which was stated to have been cut from the head of Orton, and that the person they knew bore that name. It is necessary to state these matters with reference to such portions of the evidence as relate to Orton. Those parts of the case which relate to Orton have arisen out of the claimant's acts and conduct. Thus on the 13th of April, 1865, the claimant, under the name of De Castro, addressed a letter from Wagga-Wagga to some one at Wapping, to inquire after Orton or his family. He had written, he said, several letters to him, to which he had no answers, and he wanted any information about Orton or his son Arthur. The Orton who was in Australia and in South America was Arthur Orton, and it is undisputed that he was in Australia at this time, and that he was employed at Wagga-Wagga in 1865 or 1866.

It should here be stated that in the Home News of 1862, which was published and read in Australia, there appeared in the list of deaths and wills that of

Sir James Tichborne, the father of Roger, and it was stated, on the assumption that Roger was dead, that the heir was the next son, Alfred. In 1863 the Dowager, who always ardently hoped for the return of her lost son, caused advertisements to be inserted in The Times as to his loss, mentioning the name of the vessel in which he embarked, and the date at which he sailed. The claimant, it is to be observed, had known Gibbes for two or three years, and had been in communication with him on the subject of the claim as early, at least, as July, 1865. He had been living at WaggaWagga since 1862, and he said he knew Mr. Gibbes for two or three years prior to June, 1866. Early in 1865 Cubitt caused to be inserted in The Times an advertisement of a "Missing Friends' Office" of his at Sydney. This advertisement appeared on the 19th of May, 1865, and was seen by the Dowager, who on that day wrote out to Cubitt, telling him of her son; mentioning that she had heard that part of the crew had been picked up by a vessel going to Australia, "possibly to Melbourne;" but that she had not been able to get any other information. In this letter the Dowager described her son as "rather tall and thin, with very light brown hair and blue eyes," and suggested that he might have married and changed his name. She also intimated that any one giving her information about him would be "handsomely rewarded." Cubitt, in reply, suggested that "the amount of the reward ought to be governed by the importance attached to the case," and that the assurance that the lost heir was still living was a "piece of information which could not be overrated by a widowed mother." He expressed his firm conviction that her search would terminate as she desired it should, and he enclosed an advertisement he had issued, in which the heir was described as rather tall, and with very light brown hair and blue eyes, but not as "thin." Not long afterwards Gibbes wrote to Cubitt that on his return to New South Wales, after a ten years' absence, "he had just fixed his abode at Wagga-Wagga," and he wished to have further information about Tichborne, as he had "spotted him" some time ago, and could, he thought, find him. This was dated the 9th of October, 1865, and a few days afterwards Cubitt wrote to the Dowager that "his search progressed satisfactorily," giving a copy of Gibbes's letter. Cubitt also wrote at the same time to Gibbes, thanking him for his offer of gratuitous, assistance. Gibbes replied in November that "if the necessary funds and something to leave behind could be got, he could send in the missing man at a very few days' notice; but he had promised not to reveal his secret before the end of March "—that is, March, 1866. Cubitt replied to this that he had already written that it was to be a "business transaction," and that there would be no difficulty in the necessary advances. In the meantime the Dowager had written to Cubitt, in warm and eager terms, that any amount of reward would be paid; and, in answer to this, Cubitt, on the 21st of December, 1865, wrote to her that her son was "alive and well." Three weeks afterwards, on the 10th of January, Cubitt wrote to Gibbes to send Tichborne, but Gibbes replied that he had left his abode, and that "he should claim the reward on behalf of the real discoverer, his wife." He also required a copy of the Dowager's letter, but this was refused; and the very next day Gibbes wrote to her himself, stating that he had prevailed on her son to put himself in communication with her, and the claimant, in answer to the jury, stated that he had seen this letter before it was despatched. Gibbes had also shown him Cubitt's