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to be done will be to get up steam in the running steamer. See that the machinist or coal passer is called and has fires started in time to get up steam, with a margin for unforeseen difficulties. 45 to 60 minutes from lighting fires to steam at 100 lbs. pressure is ample under ordinary conditions. Of course, if the coxswain has been given orders about getting up steam, he is responsible, but that doesn't help the officer of the deck if the boat is late getting alongside, and the latter, while holding the petty officers to a strict accountability, must always keep a close supervision over what is going on, as after all it is he who is blamed if anything goes wrong. In some fleets, at five minutes before sunrise, the flagship turns on "F" as a warning to stand by the anchor lights. Have whoever is detailed, usually quartermasters, signalmen, or electricians, ready to turn out lights as "F" is extinguished. At time indicated on routine, call masters-at-arms, boatswain's mates, bugler, and hammock stowers. It is easy enough to tell the quartermaster to call these men, but getting them up on time is another matter. The petty officers, as a rule, give no trouble, but the junior officer of the deck will probably have to see to the hammock stowers himself. As the hammocks come up notice whether they are properly lashed, and if not, have them mended. At the end of the time allowed, the master-at-arms reports that all hammocks are off the lower decks. The routine usually requires mates of decks and warrant officers not having a night watch to be called at "all hands." From that time until "turn to" is, under normal circumstances, allowed for coffee and smoking. Unless necessary don't intrude work on this time. At " turn to," if clothes or canvas are to be scrubbed, have the word passed, and if for any reason more or less time than usual is to be allowed before the lines are to be triced up, let the men know so that they can bring up the proper number of pieces to scrub. Before wetting down have the deck swept, and see that the petty officers in charge of parts of the ship allow no man to start scrubbing on a dry deck, as soapsuds under these conditions cause white spots to appear when the deck is dried down, and these spots are very hard to remove even with sand. Have the hose connected and the water turned on promptly, so that the men may have the full time allotted for scrubbing. A half hour is the usual time allowed for this, and about ten or fifteen minutes more for stopping them on the line.

See that the petty officers in charge of parts of the ship allow no scrubbing after the word is passed to knock off. The junior officer of the deck can help in this. Blue clothes should be stopped on the line to leeward, or below if on the same line. Avoid holidays. The boatswain or chief boatswain's mate usually looks out for this. When fresh water is served out, see that the master-at-arms and the captain of the hold are ready in time to prevent delay. About this time the first market boat leaves. the ship. If an officer is to go, have him called in time. Notify all stewards, and have those that are going on deck ready to jump into the boat when she comes alongside. Before shoving the boat off, state distinctly at what time the next market boat leaves the shore. Remember in calling away this boat, that it takes longer to get a boat alongside the first time it is called away, on account of time taken up in casting off the stern line and getting water out of the engine if a steamer, or in lowering, if a pulling boat. At the same time that the word is passed to "knock off scrubbing clothes," the orders for the morning's work are passed, and from then until breakfast, the officer of the deck is kept pretty busy seeing these orders carried out. The manner of doing this duty will show up the officer's efficiency as well as anything that he does. By the Regulations the officer of the deck is required to see that the crew remove their shoes and stockings while the deck is wet, provided the temperature will permit. When side cleaners are ordered, see for yourself that they get started within a reasonable time. They are under the direct supervision of the mate of the hull and the boatswain. Before they are sent over, send down to the various stewards and have the airports closed that are likely to have water splashed in them. At seven, when the uniform signal is received, notify, beside the captain, the executive officer. Notify all officers of their uniform, notify the captain of marines of the uniform for marines, and tell the first sergeant to have the word passed to that effect; notify the chief master-at-arms of the uniform for the crew and have the word passed during the meal hour by the boatswain's mates of the mess decks; call your relief (this is customary, but its omission is not an excuse for your relief's not relieving on time); after drying down have the coir brushes, swabs, and other wash-deck gear spread out on the deck to dry during breakfast; at 7.45 a numeral flag is hoisted on the flagship to indicate the size of the ensign,

jack, and pennant, to be hoisted at morning colors; at 7.55 sound first call, band call, and call for the sergeant's guard (if used), and have boat awnings spread (if ordered); at eight o'clock report to the commanding officer, "eight o'clock and chronometers' wound" (not eight bells), or, in the case of a ship in the presence of a senior, strike the bell with the senior, and report, "made eight o'clock with the flagship," or give name of ship if not a flagship. The following hints are given here as applying more particularly to the morning watch: If practicable, trice up awnings at "turn to " in this watch in order to let the sun get at the deck to bleach it; don't allow the men to hammer the handles on deck when putting on brushes or squeeges, as it disturbs those who are sleeping in; if ashes are to be dumped or the steamers coaled, try to get this work finished before the deck is washed down; in a ship acting singly, when a man-of-war is sighted underway before eight o'clock in the morning, hoist the colors at the peak and keep them flying until the ship anchors, but if she is not anchored before 7.55, haul down the ensign preparatory to regular "colors" at eight o'clock. If in presence of a senior be prepared to follow his motions, which will be as stated above; if the temperature is below freezing, and the morning orders say to wash down, notify the executive officer of the conditions, in which case he may send up word to clamp down with hot water; in shoveling snow off the deck, exercise care that the deck is not gouged with the shovels; if deck is covered with ice, sprinkle the gangways with sand or ashes; when trying to get more force on the deck pump, don't fly into a rage with the man on watch in the engine-room if you can't get it immediately-find out first if the ash-chute flushes aren't turned on; if necessary, whitewash the chain outside the hawsepipes in the morning watch; if moored to dock, have the dock abreast the ship swept and kept free from rubbish as far as possible; if barrels are provided for garbage, they must be kept whitewashed, and the dock in their vicinity kept clean, to do which it may be necessary to send the hose out and wash down, but this is not very good for the hose and should be avoided. If possible, use buckets; any salute the necessity for firing which has arisen since sunset of the previous day, is fired at eight o'clock.

1Sometimes the chronometers are reported at noon, in which case, of course, the report is not made at eight.

The Forenoon Watch.

By eight, all men should be in uniform. This regulation is hard to enforce. At "turn to," the running boats and their crews are usually inspected, awnings spread or mended, brightwork cleaned, wash-deck gear stowed away, towel line piped down, boat falls flemished down (if ordered), and the deck titivated. At five minutes before quarters have the officer's call sounded on the lower as well as the upper decks, so that all may hear it. If quarters be delayed or put ahead for any reason, notify the officers and the chief master-at-arms. During quarters and drill the navigator or his assistant usually takes the deck. A little before ten o'clock, find out if the ten o'clock signals are ready. Before the time for "holding mast" have the deck in the vicinity swept, notify the master-at-arms to have the reports at the mast, send for complainants and witnesses, inspect the men and see them in uniform, send for the executive officer's yeoman and the report book, and when all is ready, notify the executive officer and ascertain whether he wishes you to inform the captain or to do so himself. At seven bells, have a sample of the crew's dinner brought to the mast. If the food prove unsatisfactory in any respect, notify the commissary officer and refer the matter to the executive officer, first having obtained all the information possible. In order to do this, it may be necessary to send for the commissary steward, the ship's cook, and the mess cook. The same procedure cbtains with complaints about food. The justice of a complaint is partially indicated by the character of the man or men making the complaint. A medical officer should be sent for when a question arises as to the quality of the food. A little before noon find out if the noon signals are ready. Noon is reported to the commanding officer in the same manner as eight o'clock; that is, as "twelve o'clock," not as "eight bells," and with the same proviso about chronometers, and being in the presence of a senior.

A caution may be inserted here about meal hours. They should be kept as free from work as possible, although it often happens that something turns up which cannot be put off. By a little forethought it may be possible to avoid breaking into the men's meal hour. If any boat's crews or working parties are away, or have to leave their meals, see that the commissary steward and master-at-arms of the mess deck are notified to have

their meals saved for them. When any absentees do get their meals, allow them, if possible, the same time for eating and smoking as the rest had.

The Afternoon Watch.

If the ship is acting singly, and no special time is allotted on the routine for standing by scrubbed clothes, find out if they are dry long enough beforehand, so that the word can be passed at 12.55 to "stand by scrubbed clothes," and they can be piped down at two beils. If they are not dry, pipe them down at some convenient time in the afternoon when they are, getting them down, if possible, before the liberty party goes ashore, and after the working parties return aboard. If some of the men are absent, send for a master-at-arms to take charge of the clothes that may be left on the line. After piping down have the lines weeded and triced up, or struck below as desired. Hoist jack, as required by the Regulations. If in presence of a senior, follow the motions of the senior ship with regard to piping down clothes and hoisting the jack. If absolutely necessary to pipe down wet clothes, ascertain from the executive officer what disposition to make of them. He may permit the use of the drying-room or a line on the superstructure below the rail.

When the word is passed to stand by clothes, or bedding, or in short, anything that concerns the crew as a whole, always telephone down to the engine-room, dynamo-room, and wherever men are working out of range of the boatswain's mates' voices.

First Dog Watch.

Usually in this watch the liberty party is sent ashore. Ascertain from the executive officer at what time the men are to shift and what the uniform will be, and have the word passed to that effect. In plenty of time beforehand, have the boats alongside, and the liberty party lay aft for muster and inspection. They should be inspected by the officer of the deck, or junior officer of the deck, and may be mustered by the latter or, if the executive officer has no objections, by the executive officer's yeoman. Allow no one to leave the ship who is not in uniform, neat, and clean. Impress on the men that the ship and the service are judged to a great extent, by their appearance and behavior

ashore.

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