Napoleon and Hindenburg in Russia, 354. NATIONAL City Bank, New York, state- NAVAL Supremacy, see SEAS, Freedom of. NIPPOLD, (Dr.), on increase of Chauvinism NIXON, (Gen. Sir) John, "The Battle That NORDMANN, Charles, "M. Painleve, Min- O'HANRAHAN, Michael, execution, 414. On a French Cruiser in War Time, 308. Only a Long War Can Bring Peace, 153. ORDER in Council, British, new policy af- fecting contraband, 211; effect on Ger- man commerce discussed by Dr. Jastrow, 345; contention by British that blockade is impartial, 401; German comment in note to C. S., 454; British reply, German comment, 456; British note to U. S. in Origin and Meaning of the War, 510. Origin of the Word " Boche," 525. PARES, Bernard, "Day by Day with the Paris and German Zeppelins, 80. Paris Owes, $400,000,000 for Rents, 313. Passing of the Clan MacTavish, 328. PAYNE (Commodore), work commended by PEACE, interpellation of Dr. Scheidemann in Reichstag on Socialists' attitude, 74; reply of Bethmann Hollweg, 77; views of Deputy Landsberg, 78; views of M. Harden, 112; views of Jules Clemenceau, 115; Limping Peace Impossible," by A. Capus, 151; effect on France, discussed by E. Boutroux, 152; conditions discussed by Bethmann Hollweg in Reichstag, 229; reply of Premier Asquith, 230; German terms discussed by Ernst Haeckel, 232; Pres. Poincare on, 400; latest terms, 406; views of Sir E. Grey, 481; maintained by international policing of seas, plan of J. Cadwalader, 466; views of A. Bennett, 505; desire for in Berlin and Vienna, stated by M. Likiardopoulo, 506; argu- ments by F. Crispotti and U. Benigni for inclusion of the Pope in peace confer- ence, 512; Italy's stand stated by G. F. PLUNKETT, Joseph, execution, 414. Barry, Beatrice, "The Woman's Part," K. D. M. S., Jr., "Passing of the Clan Sindici, Magda, "From a Waiting Am- Winter, William, My England," 284. POLAND, conditions in and denial of mis- Poland's Future; Russian or German? 114. POLETTI, Paolo, "The Aerial Attack on Political Lessons of the War, 119. Pope and the Peace Conference, 512. POPOVIC, Pavle, "The Future of Serbia," PORTUGAL, treaty with England and entry into war, 5; relations with Germany, 11. POURTALES (Count), prememoria on Rus- Predicts the Triumph of Militarism, 296. REDMOND, John E., cable on Irish revolt, RELIEF Work, for blind soldiers in France RENTS, in France, 313. REVAI, Maurice, "A Monroe Doctrine for REVENTLOW, (Count) Ernst, "The Pur- Review of Military Events, 99. RIBOT, Alexandre, 1. RICHTER, K., "Winging His Seventh RIESSER, (Dr.) Jacob, "Economic Demo- ROMAN Catholic Church, international ROPSHIN, V., "An Officer's Story," 491. ROSEBERY (Lord), on premature peace, 71; ROUSSEY, (Dr.) B., 4. Royal Toasts at Schoenbrunn, 235. 14 Sylva," 10; commercial treaty to supply RUSSIA:- Aims, need for outlet to free sea stated docu- Army, women in. 365; German Foreign Relations, with Balkans, Sweden, Germany, Relations with, in Orient, 59, Reichstag, 72; reply by Bethmann Holl- SCHEUERMANN, W., "War Painting and SCHIEMANN, (Dr.) Theodor, "A Slander," SCIENCES, see INVENTIONS. SEAS, Freedom of, German attitude dis- SELTER, (Dr.) Ing., "Armor for Modern SERBIA, views of P. Popovic on future, 168; SHAW, George Bernard, "Irish Nonsense SHERRILL, Charles H., "Modernizing the SHIPPING, losses stated by Lloyds, 106; See also MERCHANT Ships. 64 SIMAIS, E., "With the Russians in Persia," SIMPSON, H. Derwent, 56. SINDICI, Magda, poem, "From a Waiting Sinking of the Provence II., 496. SKOULOUDIS, (Premier) Stephanos, protest Slaughter at Douaumont, 371. Social Democratic View, 78. SONNINO, (Baron) Sydney, 565. STENGEL, Karl von, "International Status STONE, William J., letter to Pres. Wilson 14; SUBMARINE Warfare, downfall of von method of determining location of sub- disaster, 236; official report of Rear Ad- See also SHIPPING. SUEZ Canal, importance to England dis- Sunk and Saved by a U-Boat, 497. George, support of Pres. TOWER, Charlemagne, "The Status of a Merchant Ship," 285. TRADING with the Enemy Act (British), TREATY of Washington, 1871 287. Vol. VII "Rus- TUCK, (Lieut.) A. M., Captured Hill 70," 145. TURCO-Italian War, 563. ix. "The Charge That TURKEY, death of heir apparent, 8; Ger- Two Weeks on a Submarine, 494. Navy, occupation of Vera Cruz compared Valiant, The, 356. V "The Full Meaning of Our Position in the Lusitania Case," 270. ern. Verdun, poem, 437. Verdun: The Epic of the War, 432. Verdun: The World's Greatest Battle, 260. VERHAEREN, Emile, "Only a Long War Can Bring Peace," 153. VESNITCH, Milenko, arraignment of Ger- W WAR, general discussion by G. Hanotaux, 85; War and the Duty of Motherhood, 324. War Painting and War Photography, 122. Wartime Humor in Italy, 79. WASHBURN, Stanley, "Victory in Defeat," (Col.) Henry, on German WATTERSON, What Britain's Navy Has Done, 247. What Changes Will the War Bring? 150. What Russia Is Fighting For, 488. What the British Are Doing, 500. What the Socialists Desire, 72. What's Wrong with the War? 352. Why Americans Are Pro-Ally, 461. Why Italy Went Into the War, 332, 560. WIART, (Mme.) Carton de, "A Belgian WILLIAM II., Emperor of Germany, naval WILSON, (Pres.) Woodrow, orders pursuit of Villa forces, 3; armed liner controversy with Congress, 15; letter of Sen. Stone and reply, 16; criticism of, by Vienna Zeit, 18; attitude of German-Americans discussed by S. Dyck, 108; comment on stand on submarine warfare, 207; consid- ers crisis brought by sinking of Sussex, 236; reciprocal agreement with Pres. Car- ranza, 244; views on American use of bel- BAKHMETEFF, (Mme.) George, 129. BELGIAN Royal Family, 399. Woman's Invasion of British Industry, 52. WOMEN, effect on economic position in Eng- WORLD Events of the Month, 1, 207, 399. WORLD Powers, prophecy of H. G. Wells, 84. Y Young Girls Fighting on the Russian Front, 365. YUDENITCH, (Gen.) Nicholas, sketch, 408. YUSEF Izeddin (Prince), death, 8. Ꮓ ZABERN Incident, 282. Portraits BETHMANN Hollweg, (Dr.) Theobald von, 303. EUGENE, Archduke of Austria, 527. GOLTZ, (Field Marshal Baron) von der, 302. LLOYD George, (Hon.) David, 334. MARKIEWICZ, (Countess) Georgina, 414. MONRO, (Gen. Sir) Charles C., 556. MUBARAK, Shiek of Kuweit, 544. NICHOLAS II., Czar of Russia, 526. PASHITCH, (Premier) Nicholas, 542. TOWNSHEND, (Maj. Gen.) Charles, 351. WILLIAM II., Emperor of Germany, 48. ZEPPELIN, (Count) Ferdinand, 495. THE EUROPEAN WAR Period April, 1916 June, 1916 INTRODUCTION FTER the war had been in progress nineteen months, eventful as the conflict of the nations had so far been, still more momentous happenings were destined to fill the record of these moving times. Some of them fell within the period which extended from the 1st of March to the last day of May, 1916, that is, the twentieth, twentyfirst, and twenty-second months of the war. In regard to the actual fighting no bloodier chapter had ever been written in the history of warfare than those required to describe the German offensive for the possession of Verdun. Yet, if the battle of Verdun held the attention of the world by reason of its protracted violence and slaughter, the great naval engagement between the British and German fleets off the coast of Jutland, lasting but a few hours, produced a vibrant thrill throughout the world. The success of the German plan at Verdun might have conquered the Allies on land and made the Central Empires masters of Europe, but a decisive victory for the German fleet would have been the undoing of the British Empire and the recasting of the balance of power throughout the world. For that reason the naval battle on May 31 had an importance far greater than any event since the beginning of the war. Nor was it the only occurrence which tried the temper of Great Britain during the period under review. The defeat and surrender of a British army in Mesopotamia, though not a serious blow in a military sense, was certainly humiliating Vol. VII and did have an adverse effect upon British prestige and political influence. Again, the ill-considered attempt to hoist the flag of rebellion in Ireland was easily enough suppressed, but it helped materially to aggravate the unhappy situation which made Ireland a thorn in the side of Great Britain instead of a loyal and helpful partner in a common cause. The battle off Jutland, the struggle for Verdun, the British disaster in Mesopotamia, and the rebellion in Ireland, these were the most important events of the three months under review as far as the belligerents were concerned. But, in the light of what happened nearly a year later, an act of far-reaching consequence was the warning issued to Germany by President Wilson, in the name of the United States, that, unless the Kaiser's Government changed its methods of submarine warfare, diplomatic relations between the two countries would be broken off. The Battle off Jutland The battle off the coast of Jutland, near the Skagerrak, was the greatest naval engagement in modern times, both on account of the number and size of the ships which took part in it and of the tremendous power and skill with which science and invention had equipped the fleets. The great dreadnoughts, however, did not participate in the action till the end of the battle, and then without the chance of testing their strength to the full. On the afternoon of May 31 the British Grand Fleet, under the command of |