Concerning the two Syrtes; the Lake Tritonis; the Temple The Subject continued . 375 LIST OF MAPS ΤΟ VOL. II. No. VII. LOWER EGYPT, ANCIENT and MODERN; shewing the changes in the courses of the branches of VIII. Map to explain the POSITION of MEMPHIS, and IX. The coast and country of LIBYA, from Egypt to Carthage; the country of Egypt generally; PAGE 55 115 183 X. Map to explain the CIRCUMNAVIGATION of AFRICA, by the EGYPTIANS, under Pharaoh Necho; shewing also the streams of current in the Atlantic, and the general courses of the trade winds. Explanatory of the XXIV and XXVth Sections XI. Map to explain the VOYAGE of HANNO, the Car thaginian, from Carthage to the Western PAGE 348 409 THE GEOGRAPHY OF HERODOTUS EXAMINED, &c. SECTION XVI. OF AFRICA AT LARGE, ACCORDING TO HERODOTUS. Herodotus knew a greater extent of Space in AFRICA than in the other Continents; but only the North-east part of it, in detail -In doubt how to class Egypt-Had no idea that Africa extended so far to the West and South as it really does-Lower Egypt and the Promontory of Soloeis, taken by him for the Eastern and Western Extremities of Africa-Conjectures respecting this Promontory, which was the Limit of the ancient Navigations-Various Notices, shewing that the Ancients were not absolutely agreed respecting its position; but that the Soloeis of Herodotus was Cape Cantin-M. Bougainville mistaken in respect of it-Herodotus, as well as Ptolemy and the Arabian geographers, supposed the coast of Africa to trend to the South from this Cape-Our Author knew the general distribution of North Africa, as far as the Sahara and the River Niger-The Geography of Egypt already illustrated by M. D'Anville-Inhabitants of Africa divided by Herodotus into two races: the Libyans and Ethiopians-common Boundary of their Possessions-Cape Verd, the Arsinarium Promontory of Ptolemy, denominated from the Assanhagi, or Sanhagæ Tribe -The Abyssinians, the Macrobian Ethiopians of HerodotusEthiopia, with him, included all the remote part of Africa— The Niger explored by the Nasamones, and taken by Herodotus, erroneously, for the remote part of the Nile; as having an easterly course- -The Sources of the Nile placed in too remote a situation by Herodotus, and the Ancients in general—The most distant sources of this River still unknown—not in Abyssinia, but more to the south-west-Proofs adduced from Maillet, and from Bruce himself-Report of Ledyard—The Nile doubtless formed of two distinct Branches, the one from Abyssinia, the other from the South of Darfoor-Reports of Ptolemy, Edrisi, and Abulfeda-Error of the two latter, in deriving the Niger from the Nile-Extent of the African Continent, southward, according to the ideas of Herodotus, who knew that it was surrounded by the Ocean. THE THIRD and LAST division of our subject is AFRICA, or LIBYA. Concerning this continent, it may be said, that our Author was aware that it contained a greater extent of space than either of the others; although his knowledge of it, in detail, was more confined. Here it may be remarked, that if his native city, Halicarnassus, be taken for a centre, it will be found, that a radius of 1000 British miles will circumscribe the whole extent of his geographical knowledge in detail. It may also be remarked, that the circle so described, passes through, or near to, the several points of Babylon, Syene, Carthage, Corsica, the upper part of the Danube, the forks of the Borysthenes, and the mouth of the Tanais. that it included Greece, Italy, Thrace, Scythia, Colchis, Asia Minor, Assyria, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, and the country of the Garamantes. It will be found, almost invariably, that beyond this range our Author grows more and more obscure and uncertain, as we advance in any line of direction whatsoever : So |