apud patrem crimine pessimo; et Sym-pientum, sapientissimum. Est igitur machus, καὶ ἔφερεν Ἰωσὴφ διαβολήν κατ' hic non ætatis, sed dignitatis nomen ut айтшν поνηрàν прòя патéра аот@v. Eosdem Gen. 1. 7; Ex. iii. 16; Lev. iv. 15; ix. 1. secuti sunt Dathe, Schott, Rosenmueller, Iosephus autem significatur is, qui sui Winer, aliique.-Schumann.

Ver. 3.

iudicii, potius quid se facere par esset, intuebatur, quam quid fratres laudaturi forent, ideoque summa afficiebatur patris benevolentia, in ornamento quod ab eodem habebat Similis hebraismus reperitur v. c., Prov. xi. 12; xv. 21, N vir intelligentiæ, i. e., vir prudens et magni consilii.

Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἠγάπα τὸν Ἰωσὴφ παρὰ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ, ὅτι υἱὸς γήρως ἦν αὐτῷ. ἐποίησε δὲ αὐτῷ χιτῶνα ποικίλον.

Au. Ver.-3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours [or, pieces, Judg. v. 30; 2 Sam. xiii. 18].

He was the son of his old age. So most of

the commentators.

A coat of many colours. Ged. An embroidered coat. Booth.-Coat of various colours. Gesen. only in combination: Gen. xxxvii. 3, 23; 2 Sam. xiii. 18, 19, according to Josephus (Archæol., vii. 8. § 1), an under garment with sleeves, which came down to the heels, and was worn by persons of distinction over the usual tunica, hence Bp. Patrick. Because he was the son of the addition, 2 Sam. xiii. 18; LXX., his old age.]-Benjamin was more so than in Gen. xɩTÒν Tоíκidos. Syr. flounced garhe; and the rest were born not many years ment. Jonath. paragoda, a kind of tunica before him. But he is so called because he prætexta. Sym. in Gen., LXX. in Sam., had been married a good while to Rachel xeipidwrós. Several derivations are possible. before he had him and he was the greatest The most applicable appears to be, accordcomfort of his old age; Benjamin not being yet grown up to give any proof of his future worth.

ing to the Chaldee idiom: tunica talaris et
manicata, a tunic which reached to the hands
and feet. See Hartmann's Hebräerim, Th.
III. p. 280. With regard to this double
tunica, see Schroder de Vestibus Mulierum,
p. 237.

So also Lee and Schumann.
Ver. 7.

Pool. He was the son of his old age,] being born when Jacob was ninety-one years old. The ancient translations, Chaldee, Persian, Arabic, and Samaritan, render the words thus, a wise or prudent son; old age being oft mentioned as a token of prudence; one born old, one wişe above his years, one that had a grey head, as we say, upon be, &c. green shoulders. This may seem the more probable, both because Joseph was indeed

Heb., Au. Ver.-For behold we were, &c.
Ged., Booth. For behold we seemed to

Ver. 9.

וַיַּחֲלֹם עוֹד חֲלוֹם אַחֵר וַיְסַתֵּר אתו such a child, and gave good evidence of it לְאֶחָיי

in a prudent observation of his brethren's trespasses, and a discreet choice of the fittest remedy for them, and because the reason here alleged seems proper and peculiar to Joseph; whereas in the other sense it belongs more to Benjamin, who was younger than Joseph, and cost his mother dearer, and therefore might upon that account claim a greater interest in his father's affections.

So also Schumann, who however points

εἶδε δὲ ἐνύπνιον ἕτερον, καὶ διηγήσατο αὐτὸ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ.

Au. Ver.-9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren.

Ged., Booth. And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it to his father [so the LXX.] and brethren.

Ver. 18.

,Quum desit mater lectionis . וְקָנִים for זְקֵנִים וַיִּתְנַכְּלָוּ אֹתוֹ לַהֲמִיתוֹ : :

quam paucissimi codd. adscripserunt, mutatis vocalibus legendum duco, ita ut Didem denotet, quod Jes. xix. 11. filium sapientum, i.e., alumnum sa

καὶ ἐπονηρεύοντο τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι αὐτόν. Au. Ver. They conspired against him to slay him.

Bishop Patrick.-They conspired against

him.]

The Hebrew word signifies, they | Bocharti Hieroz., t. i. p. 628. Celsii took subtle and crafty counsel against him Hierobot., II. 180-185; on the other hand to slay him. Laid their heads together (as see J. D. Michaelis (Supplem. p. 2142), we now speak) to kill him, so that the Warnekros (in his Repertorium für Morgenmurder might be concealed from their father. länd Litteratur., Th. xv. p. 227) and Jahn's So Gesenius. (Archaeol., Th. I. § 83). Prof. Lee. Mastich, a

Ver. 23.

Au. Ver.-Coat of many colours.-See from the Pistacia Lentiscus.

note on verse 3.

Ver. 25.

Au. Ver.-Myrrh.

Ged., Booth.-Laudanum.

gum obtained

Gesen., Gen. xxxvii. 25; xliii. 11 (instead of which the Samaritan and many MSS. have plene. According to the

.most modern writers : Ladanum, Arab וַיַּרְאוּ וְהִנֵּה אֹרְחַת יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים בָּאָה

in

ἐκάθισαν δὲ φαγεῖν ἄρτον. ψαντες τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς εἶδον. καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁδοιπόροι Ισμαηλῖται ἤρχοντο ἐκ Γαλαάδ. καὶ αἱ κάμηλοι αὐτῶν ἔγεμον θυμιαμάτων καὶ ῥητίνης καὶ στακτῆς. ἐπορεύοντο δὲ καταγαγεῖν εἰς Αἴγυπτον.

, Greek, Añdov, Andavov, Latin, ledum, in ludanum, i.e., an odoriferous gum, which is Kai avaßλé- found on the leaves of the cistus-rose (cistus ladanifera, cistus creticus). Herodotus (iii. 112), Plinius (xii. 17), Abulfadli, and the modern travellers, inform us, that this gum usually sticks to the beards of the goats, which feed upon that shrub, and is afterwards obtained by that means, by the Arabs, who cut off their beards and cleanse the gum from the clotted hair. This plant

Au. Ver.-25 And they sat down to eat bread and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead with their camels is also to be found in Palestine, and the bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt.

Spicery.

Ged., Booth., Lee.-Storax. Gesen.-, fem. Gen. xxxvii. 25; xliii. 11, certain kind of spices. LXX., Ovulapa. Syr., resina. Samar., balsamum. Saad., siliqua. Aqu., σrúpaέ, which is adopted by Bochart. (Hierozoicon, Tom. II. p. 532). (In Arab. Ki, i.q. äi, gummi, gummi tragacantha.)

Prof. Lee-Storax, the gum of the styraxtree. According to Bochart. (Hieroz. ii. 4. 12), both the Hebrew and Greek names are derived from the fact, that the wood was much

Gesen.-, m. Gen. xxxvii. 25, and, xliii. 11; Jer. viii. 22; xlvi. 11; li. 8, in pausa, Ezek. xxvii. 17, the rosin of the

eminently ascribed to Gilead, which was

similarity of the name has certainly some
weight (see ). The ancient translators
render it differently. LXX., Vulg., σTAKTη).
Syr., Chald., Pistachio-nuts, Arab., chest-
nuts. See Celsii. Hierobot., t. i. p. 280–288.
Comp. J. D. Michaelis Supplem., p. 1424.
Prof. Lee. A sort of laudanum.

Ver. 28.

Au. Ver.-28 Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver and they brought Joseph into Egypt.

:

Bp. Patrick.-28 Midianites.]—They are called Ishmeelites just before (ver. 25), and so they are immediately in this very verse, [Sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites]; for they were very near neighbours, and joined together in trade, making now one caravan, with a joint stock, as this story intimates. Read Judg. viii. 1, 3, 22, 23, 24, 26, and it will appear the Scripture speaks of them as one and the same people, in after times.

Ver. 32.

וַיְשַׁלְחוּ אֶת־כְּתְנֶת הַפַּסִים וַיָּבִיאוּ balsam shrub, opobalsamum, a production

אֶל־אֲבִיהֶם וַיֹּאמְרוּ זָאת מָצָאנוּ הַכָּר־נָא .applied to the healing of external wounds הַכְּתְנֶת בִּנְךָ הִוא אִם־לֹא :

Root, Arab., to flow, drip. Comp.

Coat of many colours. See note on verse 3. their daughters.
Ver. 33.

וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתְגֶת בְּלִי חַיָּה רָעָה

mentioned in the genealogies, or the word אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף אֹרַף יוֹסֵף :

Sam. est propter filium meum lugens, quasi vy, cavitas; locus cavus et subdescendam in orcum. Quomodo etiam terraneus. veterum nonnulli verterunt. Sane quidem

Ver. 36.

וְהַפְּדָנִים מָכְרוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־מִצְרָיִם; (5 .interdum pro 2 ponitur (1 Reg. xiv אֶל

h. 1. tamen non est opus propriam et frequentiorem significationem illius Particulæ rejicere. Apte enim potuit Jacobus optare, ad filium descendere, aut expetere cum ipso commune sepulchrum; et phrasis descendere ad aliquem in orcum nil aliud vult, nisi hoc: mortuis adsociari, idemque valet, quod congregatus est ad populos suos, xxv. 8, 17. Recte LXX., Kaтaßýσоμаι прòs Toν vióv πενθῶν εἰς ᾅδου.

μου

Schum.-Descendam ad filium meum lugens in orcum, i.e., nolite me consolari, nam quousque vivam, ad mortem usque, filium meum lugebo.

Gesen.—,, com. Isa. xiv. 9; Jer. v. 14; Job xxvi. 6, the lower world, the region of the ghosts, the Hades of the Hebrews, a subterraneous place enveloped in thick darkness (Job x. 21, 22); and where all the ghosts (7, q. v.) of departed men are supposed to lead an existence devoid of thought and sensation. In it are valleys (Prov. ix. 18), and gates (Isa. xxxviii. 10). The wicked descend into it while yet alive, by the openings of the earth (Numb. xvi. 20), &c. The etymology is uncertain. It is commonly compared with the Arab. J, med je, to go down, to sink; but the examples (in Scheidius ad Cant. Hiskia, p. 21, &c.), are merely in favour of the signification to settle, e.g., of the sediment of water, which lies too remote. 7, Ps. xviii. 6, i.q. a, snares of death, a a representation of great danger.

Prof. Lee., and, com. (a) grave, generally a large subterraneous chamber or vault, in which niches were hewn out to receive separate coffins: these were termed

'AT

οἱ δὲ Μαδιηναῖοι ἀπέδοντο τὸν Ἰωσὴφ εἰς Αἴγυπτον τῷ Πετεφρῇ τῷ σπάδοντι Φαραὼ apxpayeípw.

Au. Ver.-36 And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer [Heb., eunuch: but this word doth signify not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers, Esth. i. 10] of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard [Heb. chief of the slaughtermen, or executioners] [Or, chief marshal].

In the

Bp. Patrick. The Midianites.] Hebrew the word is Medanim (a distinct name from those verse 38), who were a people derived from Medan, one of the sons of Keturah, and brother to Midian (xxv. 2). They and the Midianites lived near together in Arabia, not far from the Ishmeelites, who all joined together in this caravan, and made one society of merchants; consisting of Medanites, Midianites, and Ishmeelites.

Gesen.-, m. prop. a butcher, hence, 1. A cook, 1 Sam. ix. 23, 24. 2. An executioner, who executes the sentence of death, which in the East is done by the life-guards of the king. D, 2 Kings xxv. 8, &c., Jer. xxxix. 9, &c., and, Gen. xxxvii. 36; xxxix. 1; xl. 3, 4; xli. 10, 12, the chief, head of the life-guard, and at the same time the first executioner to the king, as the Kapidischi-Pasha of the Porte.

CHAP. XXXVIII. 1.

Na nam 1 who nye say

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, κατέβη Ιούδας ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀφίκετο ἕως πρὸς ἄνθρωπόν τινα Οδολλαμίτην ᾧ ὄνομα Eipás.

Au. Ver.—And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

27, (b) Hence, The state of the dead, or a state of death, the grave. (ς) Any great depth. (a) Job xvii. 16 : Ps. cxxxix. 8; cxli. 7; Is. xxxviii. 10, &c. (b) Job xxvi. 6; Ps. vi. 6; xvi. 10, &c. Applied to animals, Ps. xlix. 15. (c) Deut. xxxii. 22; Amos ix. 2. See my notes on Job xxvii. 1: xxi. 13; xxvi. 6. With regard to the etymology of the word, it has usually Ged., Booth.-At that time it happened been referred to, because of its all de- that [Booth., during this period it was that] vouring and ever craving character. Gese- Judah went down from his brethren, and nius, however, proposes, to which he pitched his tent beside a certain Adullamite, assigns the idea of hollowness, and considers whose name was Hirah.

At that time.]-Not at the precise time ling at the Scriptures before them that mentioned in the last chapter; but, indefi- greedily seek and gladly catch at all such nitely, during the time of Jacob's residence occasions. Or, 2. More strictly for the time in the land of Canaan. Some think this following the sale of Joseph, which seems historical fragment is out of its place, and the more probable way, and so the story would refer it to chap. xxxiii. 17. At any lies thus: Judah was now about twenty rate, it is an incidental history of Judah, years old when he married, and the three and takes a period of many years.-Geddes. first years he had three sons, Er, Onan, and Bp. Patrick. It is uncertain whether it Shelah. The two first marry, each when means at the time Joseph was sold (which is they were about seventeen years old. Three just before mentioned), or at the time Jacob years after both their deaths, and when returned from Mesopotamia to live in Canaan Shelah had been marriageable a year or two, (xxxiii. 18), or when he went to settle with and was not given to Tamar, Judah lies with his father at Mamre (xxxv. 27.) But take Tamar and begets upon her Pharez. But it any of these ways, there was time enough as for Hezron and Hamul, they are said to for all the events following, before they go into Egypt with Jacob, as also Benwent into Egypt; supposing Judah's chil- jamin's ten sons are said to go with him dren to have married very young: as may thither, to wit, in their father's loins, be seen in most interpreters. because they were begotten by their father in Egypt, whilst Jacob lived there, of which more in its proper place.

For another solution of the chronological

Pool. This story is not without difficulty, if we consider how little time is allowed for all the events of this chapter, there being not above twenty-three years between difficulties in this and some other chapters, Judah's marriage and the birth of Pharez, see Kennicott's note on chap. xxxi. 38—41, yea, and the birth of his sons too, Hezron page 53 to 56. and Hamul, who are said to go into Egypt Rosen. Factum autem est illo tempore. with Jacob, Gen. xlvi. 12. But there are Initia hujus historiæ referenda videntur ad two ways proposed for the resolution of it, primos annos reditus Jacobi ex Mesopotamia as the phrase, at that time, may be under- (xxxiii. 17). Nam ex quo venditus fuit stood two ways; either, 1. More largely, Josephus, usque ad Jacobi descensum in for the time since Jacob's return from Padan Ægyptum, tantum 22 aut 23 anni interto Canaan, and so the history may be con- cesserunt. Quod temporis intervallum breceived thus: Judah was married some years vius est, quam ut Juda tres filios gignere, before the selling of Joseph, though it be eos in matrimonium dare, atque ex nuru here mentioned after it, and so out of its sua iterum duos filios tollere potuisset, place, as being the foundation of all the quorum alter, Pherezus, cum Ægyptum following events, which are here placed to- ingrederentur, etiam duos filios habebat, gether, because they followed the selling of xlvi. 8, 12. Nec est infrequens, ut voces Joseph. Judah, and Er, and Onan, and tunc, in illis diebus, illo tempore, ad tempus afterwards Pharez, are supposed each to aliquo ante intervallo præterlapsum, aut marry and have a child at fourteen years post futurum designandum adhibeantur. old, which, though unusual, wants not ex- Verum circa tempus illud, quo venditus est, amples both in sacred and profane writers. Josephus, contigit incestum Judæ cum And they that will quarrel with the Scrip- nuru: quod quum Moses narrare institure, and question its authority for some tuisset, oportuit altius repeti. Quamobrem such uncustomary occurrences which it re- et totum Judæ conjugium, et proles ex eo lates, show more of impiety than wisdom in suscepta, fuit exponenda. THAT, TH, it, and shall do well to consider, that God Descendit Juda a fratribus suis, i.e., austrum might so order things by his providence, and versus profectus est. Antiquissimis seculis, record such things in his word, upon the veluti consensu quodam gentium, regiones same account on which he hath put several boreales australibus editiores sunt habitæ. other difficult passages in Scripture, partly Cf. die bibl. Alterthumsk., t. i. p. i. p. 140. to try and exercise men's faith, humility, H. 1. Juda descendisse et eam ob causam and modesty; and partly to punish the evil dici potest, quod Adullam (nom. gentile ab minds of ungodly men, and for their sins urbe ) in regione declivi et campestri to lay an occasion of stumbling and cavil-sita fuit, cf. Jos. xv. 33, 35, et die bibl.