seeing, eating, tying, burning, striking, singing, crying, dancing. At least, I have not been able to convince myself that the action is not referred to as existing. When the participles should be used, they, on the contrary, employ the indicative forms, by which such sentences are made as, he run, he walk, for running, walking. The general want of the substantive verb, in their colloquial phrases, constantly leads to imperfect forms of syntax. Thus, nëbä is the indicative, first person of the verb to sleep; but if the term, I am sleeping, be required, the phrase is ne nëbä, simply, I sleep. So, too, tshägiz is the first person indicative to burn; but the colloquial phrase, I am burned, or burning, is nen tshägiz—the verb remaining in the indicative, and not taking the participle form. It is not common to address persons by their familiar names, as with us as John, or James. The very contrary is the usage of Indian society, the object being to conceal all personal names, unless they be forced out. If it be required to express this sentence, namely: Adario has gone out (or temporarily departed), but will soon return; the equivalent is Ogima, ke mahjaun, panema, ke takooshin. This sentence literally retranslated is, Chief, he gone; by and by, he (will) return-the noun chief being put for the personal noun Adario. It will be perceived that the pronoun ke is repeated after the noun, making, chief, he gone. Panema is an adverb which is undeclinable under all circumstances, and tahkooshin, the future tense of the verb to arrive, or come (by land). The phraseology is perfectly loaded with local or other particulars, which constantly limit the action of verbs to places, persons, and things. XXV. A Vocabulary of the Odjibwa Algonquin Language. By H. R. SCHOOLCRAFT. On referring to the manuscript of this vocabulary, it is found to fill a large folio volume, which puts it out of my power to insert it in this connection. It is hoped to bring it into the series of the Ethnological volumes, now in the process of being published at Philadelphia, under the auspices of Congress. SYNOPSIS. 1. INDIAN LANGUAGES. I. II. Observations on the Grammatical Structure and Flexibility of the Odjibwa Substantive. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. III. Principles Governing the Use of the Odjibwa Noun-adjective. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. IV. Some Remarks respecting the Agglutinative Position and Properties of the Pronoun. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. 2. NATURAL HISTORY. V. Zoology. 1. Limits of the Range of the Cervus Sylvestris in the Northwestern parts of the United States. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT.-Northwest Journal. 2. Description of the Fringilia Vespertina, discovered by Mr. Schoolcraft in the Northwest. By WILLIAM COOPER.-Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History. 3. A list of Shells collected by Mr. Schoolcraft during his Expedition to the Sources of the Mississippi in 1832. By WILLIAM Cooper. VI. Botany. 1. List of Species and Localities of Plants collected during the Exploratory Expeditions of Mr. Schoolcraft in 1831 and 1832. By DOUGLASS HOUGHTON, M. D., Surgeon to said Expeditions. VII. Mineralogy and Geology. 1. A Report on the Existence of Deposits of Copper in the Trap Rocks of Upper Michigan. By Dr. DoUGLASS HOUGHTON. 2. Remarks on the Occurrence of Native Silver, and the Ores of Silver, in the Stratification of the Basins of Lakes Huron and Superior. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. 3. A General Summary of the Localities of Minerals observed in the Northwest. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. 4. Geological Outlines of the Valley of Takwymenon in the Basin of Lake Superior. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. 5. Suggestions respecting the Geological Epoch of the Deposit of Red Sandstone of St. Mary's Falls, Michigan. By HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. |