PRIN.-The Parts of a Compound Word are the BASIS and the ADJUNCT. DEF. 56.-The Basis of a Compound Word, is the Principal Element in the word. EXAMPLES.-Race-horse horse-race sergeant-at-arms-aid-de-camp. hour-glass — father-in-law · DEF. 57.—The Adjunct of a Compound Word is the Part that limits or modifies the Basis. OBS.-The Adjunct of a Word may be one Word or a Phrase. A Phrase.-Father-in-law-aid-de-camp-will-o'-the-wisp. REM.-Derivative and Compound Words have this distinction, viz. : Compound Words consist of two or more complete Words; whereas, Derivative Words consist of one Word with Letters or Particles prefixed or attached. These Particles are called PREFIXES and SUFFIXES. DEF. 58.-A Prefix is one or more Letters placed before a Radical to form a Derivative Word. DEF. 59.-A Suffix is one or more letters added to a Word to make it Derivative. EXAMPLES.-Forming-graded-homely—goodness. REM.-Words may have more than one Prefix or Suffix. Hence, PRIN.-Prefixes and Suffixes are distinguished as Sim PRIN.-The Radicals of Derivative Words are SEPARABLE or INSEPARABLE. DEF. 60.-A Separable Radical constitutes a perfect Word, without its Prefixes or Suffixes. DEF. 61.-An Inseparable Radical is not used as a distinct word in the language without the aid of its NOTE.-For an extended list of Prefixes and Suffixes, see "Derivation of Words" in the APPENDIX. 1. Nouns, 2. Pronouns, NOUNS CLASSIFICATION. II. THE USES OF WORDS. PRIN.--By their uses, Words are distinguished as Principal Elements in Sentences. 73 erfect 9. Words of Euphony, DEF. 62.-A Noun is a Word used as the Name of a bing, a place, or a thing. EXAMPLES.-"The King of Shadows loves a shining mark.” OBS. 1.-Nouns are names of 1. Material things, as— -Man-book-house-apples. 2. Ideas or things not material, as-Mind-hope-desire-aversion —remorse—joy. OBS.-Let the Pupil be careful here to distinguish a name from the thing named; and remember that the name is the Noun. Thus, a house is a thing-the name of that thing is a Noun. 9 a its CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS. REMARK.-Some Nouns are appropriated to individual persons or places, or to things personified; others are general in their application, being used to designate classes or sorts. Hence, PRIN.-Nouns are distinguished as Proper and Common. DEF. 63.-A Proper Noun is a name appropriated to an individual persor or place, or to a thing personified. EXAMPLES.-William-Boston-Hudson-Oregon. "And old Experience learns too late That all is vanity below" DEF. 64.-A Common Noun is a name used to designate one or more of a class or sort of beings or things. EXAMPLES.-Man-book-conscience-feeling-landscape. "Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight." OBS. 1.—A Common Noun is a name by which the individuality of being or thing is designated; but, in addition to this Office, some Nouns are the names of qualities. DEF. 65.-An Abstract Noun is the name of a quality of a thing, and not of the Substance. EXAMPLES.-Goodness-meekness-impracticability. "These all, in sweet confusion, sought the shade." DEF. 66.-A Collective Noun is a Noun appropriated to many individuals in one term. EXAMPLES.-Committee-assembly-army-tribe-clan-multitude. "The village master taught his little school." DEF. 67.-A Verbal Noun is a Noun derived from a Verb; being in form, a Participle-in office, a Substantive. EXAMPLES.-Beginning-gatherings-spelling-joining. "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth." OBS. 1.-The Classification of Nouns as Common and Proper, is one rather of curiosity than of practical utility in the Science of Language. OBS. 2.-A Word is known to be a Noun, 1st. By its being a Name. 2d. By its performing a Substantive office. OBS. 3. A Substantive may be, 1. The Subject of a Sentence. 2. The Object of a Sentence or of a Phrase. 3. A Name or an Equivalent, independent in construction. But, OBS. 4.-A Substantive office may be performed by Words, by Phrases, aud by Sentences. EXAMPLES. 1. By Words, NOUNS.-Paul the Apostle wrote an Epistle to Timothy. PRONOUNS.-Was it you that introduced me to him? 2. By Phrases." Taking a madman's sword, to prevent his doing mischief, can not be regarded as robbing him." 3. By Sentences.-" That all men are created equal, is a self-evident truth." "But Brutus says, he was ambitious." 'There is no question as to which must yield.” Hence, OBS. 5.—A Noun is generally Substantive. But a Word commonly vsed as a Noun may become, 1. An Adjective; as, An iron fence-gold leaf. 2. An Adverb; as, Go home and come back. 3. A Verb; as, "But if you mouth it." Obs. 6.-A Substantive office is sometimes performed by words comV only used, 1. As Adjectives-"The good alone are great." "Nor grudge I thee the much the Grecians give, Nor, murm'ring, take the little I receive."-Dryden. 2. As Adverbs “Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter.”—Addisor. 3. As Conjunctions "Your if is the only peace-maker; much virtue is in if." 4. As an Exclamation "With hark and whoop and wild halloo."-Scott. MODIFICATION OF NOUNS. Shakspeare. REM.-Some Nouns and Pronouns, by their form, by their position in Sentence, or by their obvious uses, indicate 1. The sex-as male or female, or neither. 2. The speaker, the being addressed, or the being or thing spoken of. 3. The number of beings or things-as one or more. 4. The condition, with regard to other Words in the Sentence; as, |