OBS. 2.-When an Adjective supplies the place of an Adverb, by representation, the Adjective form should be retained.

Expanded. The house was painted with green paint. 2. Open thy mouth to a wide extent.

"Green" and "wide" are Adverbs by representation.

OBS. 3.-This construction should be carefully distinguished from that of Adjectives in Predicate.

orange tasted sweet the

EXAMPLES.

Correct.-1. The orange tasted sweet.
2. Velvet feels smooth.

3. Some deemed him wondrous wise.

Incorrect.-1. The orange tasted sweetly.

2. Velvet feels smoothly.

3. Some deemed him wondrous wisely.

OBS. 4.—The words which Adverbs properly modify are sometimes appressed.

EXAMPLES.-"Thou canst but add one bitter wo

To those[] already there."

OBS. 5.-Adverbs sometimes supply the place of Verbs which they modify.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Back to thy punishment, false fugitive."

2. "I'll away to the pleasant land."

OBS. 6.—Many words, commonly used as Adverbs, often take the place of Nouns, and become Pronouns.

EXAMPLES.-1. Till then-for till that time.

2. From thence-for from that place.

3. And I have made a pilgrimage from far.-Hosmer.
4. "O, let the ungentle spirit learn from hence,

A small unkindness is a great offense."

OBS. 7.-Participles become Adverbs whenever they indicate the man er of an action or modify a quality.

EXAMPLES." "Tis strange, 'tis passing strange."

"A virtuous household, but excccding poor."

OBS. 8.—But most Participial Adverbs have the suffix ly added, or they become Adverbs by representation.

EXAMPLES.-1. "He spoke feelingly on that subject."

2. "She conducted herself most lovingly throughout the play."

3. "Now it mounts the wave,

And rises, threatening, to the frowning sky."

4. "The surging billows and the gamboling storms
Come, crouching, to his feet.".

"Come" in a "crouching" attitude. (See Obs. 2, above.)

OBS. 9.-A few words, commonly employed as Prepositions, are some times used Adverbially.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Thou didst look down upon the naked earth." 2. "And may, at last, my weary age

Find out the peaceful hermitage."

3. "Master Sir Philip, you may come in."

NEGATIVE ADVERBS.

NOTE II.—But one Negative Word or Particle should

be used in asserting a negative proposition. For,

OBS. 1.—Two Negatives applied to the same act or quality, make it affirmative.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Not without cause."

2. "Such occurrences are not unfrequent."

3. "Nor did he not perceive them."

4. " 'He did not forget not to pay for the books."

OBS. 2.-Negative Prefixes in derivative words have the same force as Negative Adverbs.

EXAMPLES.-1. "He was not unmindful of his obligations."

2. "Such expressions are not inelegant."

3. "That costume would not be inappropriate to the occasion."

REM. 1.-Such expressions have not always the full force of the corresponding affirmative assertions, bit serve to negative the negative

assertion.

OBS. 8.--Negative Adverbs are used primarily to
EXAMPLE.-1. "They wept NOT."

(2.) To modify Adjectives.

EXAMPLES.-2. Nor one of the family was there
3. "Nor every one that saith unto me,
enter into the kingdom of heav

(4.) To modify other Adverbs.

EXAMPLES.-4. He is NOT generally in error.

5. "They died NOT by hunger or linger

The steel of the white man hath

6. "NoT as the conqueror comes,

They, the true-hearted, came."

REM. 1.-The influence of the Negatives, not, neith erted on Nouns, Phrases, and whole Sentences. And, Negative occurs in connection with other Adjuncts, th Negative reaches the whole proposition, including th Thus, in Example (5), "not" modifies the phrase, "by h decay." And in Example (6), "not" negatives the sent queror comes."

OBS. 4.-The Adverbs, yes, yea, no, nay, are inde struction.

REM. 1.-The relation of these words to others in period is logical rather than grammatical. Their gram is generally to Elements in Sentences suppressed.

POSITION OF ADVERBS.

NOTE III.-The Position of Adverbs sho as most clearly to convey the sense intended

OBS. 1.-Adverbs which modify Verbs generally pr Verb in Predicate.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Man naturally SEEKS his own happines 2. " Then, when I am thy captive, TALK of 3. "Now FADES the glimmering landscape

OBS. 2.-When the Predicate consists of more than Adverb is commonly placed after the first word in Predica

POSITION OF ADVERBS.

259

EXAMPLES-1. "We CAN not HONOR our country with too deep a

reverence."

2. "I HAVE always BEEN an admirer of happy human

faces."

3. "I WILL never LEAVE thee nor FORSAKE thee."

OBS. 3.-Adverbs modifying Adjectives are placed before their Adjectives.

EXAMPLES.-1. "We can not honor our country with too DEEP a reve

rence."

2. "We can not love her with an affection too PURE and

3. "The very RICH man can never be truly HAPPY."

4. "The selfish man can never be truly POLITE."

Exception. The word enough, used Adverbially, is commonly placed after its Adjective.

OBS. 4.-Adverbs are placed before other Adverbs which they modify.

EXAMPLES.-1. "How LIGHTLY mounts the muse's wing."

2. "Too Low they build, who build beneath the stars."

3. "How ARDENT I seized it with hands that were

glowing."

OBS. 5.-Adverbial Phrases are commonly placed after the words which they modify.

EXAMPLES.-1. "There CAME to the beach a poor exile of Erin."

2. "Time SLEPT on flowers and LENT his glass to Hope."

3. "The firmament GROWS BRIGHTER with every golden

grain."

OBS. 6.-Adverbial Sentences are commonly placed after the words which they modify.

EXAMPLES.-1. "The firmament grows brighter with every golden

grain,

As handful after handful falls on the azure plain."

2. "And I am GLAD that he has lived thus long."

REM.-To the above rules for the Position of Adverbial Elements, there are numerous exceptions. No specific rules can be given, which will always be applicable. The judgment and taste of the writer are required to decide as to the Position of all the Elements of Sentences.

PAGE

255.-Repeat RULE 8.

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW.

An Adverbial Element may consist of what?

Make Sentences to illustrate Obs. 1.

Adverbs may modify what Elements of a Senten
Make Sentences to illustrate Obs. 2.

Repeat NOTE I.

How are Adverbs, derived from Adjectives and 1 256.-When may the Adjective form be retained? Make Sentences to illustrate Obs. 2.

257.

"Cora feels happily to-night."

Correct that Sentence by Obs. 3. (See also p. When are Participles used Adverbially?

Make Examples adapted to Obs. 7.

Make Examples adapted to Obs. 8.
Make Examples adapted to Obs. 9.

Repeat NOTE IL

NEGATIVE ADVERBS.

"I have not seen none of your books."

Correct that Sentence by Obs. 1.

"Warner was not unwilling to go to school."

Make an equivalent Sentence. (See Obs. 2.)

258. What is there peculiar in the use of Negative Adv Make Sentences to illustrate Obs. 3.

Repeat NOTE III.

POSITION OF ADVERBS.

What is the usual position of Adverbial Words!
William studies commonly diligently very.

Correct that Sentence by Obs. 1 and 4.

"I never will disturb my quiet with the affairs of stut Correct that by Obs. 2.

259.-"The day was pleasant very, and the wind fair exceed
Correct that by Obs. 3.

What is the usual position of Adverbial Phrases!
Make Sentences to illustrate Obs. 5.

What is the usual position of Adverbial Sentences!
Make Complex Sentences to illustrate Obs. 6.