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OBS. 4.-The variations for the Potential Mode are rather variations of form than to indicate distinctions of time-this Mode being generally indifferent as to time.

EXAMPLE.-"O, would the scandal vanish with my life,

Then happy were To me ensuing death!"

OBS. 5.--The Infinitive Present generally indicates indefinite timethe Finite Verb on which it depends commonly determines its tense. EXAMPI ES-"I went TO SEE him."-Present in form, but Past in senge. "I shall go TO SEE him."-Present in form, but Future in

sense.

OBS. 6.-But generally, to indicate past time, the Past Infinitive is used, except when the Infinitive follows Verbs denoting purpose, expectation, wish, &c.

EXAMPLES.-We ought TO HAVE GONE.

I purposed To WRITE many days ago.

I expected TO MEET him yesterday.

FORM OF THE VERB.

NOTE XII.-That form of a Verb should be used which will correctly and fully express the fact intended. Common Errors.-1. "There let him lay."-Byron.

2. "To you I fly for refuge."-Murray. Corrected-There let him lie.-To you I flee for refuge.

VOICE.

OBS. 7.-The form of the Active Voice is properly used when the agent of the action expressed is made the Subject of the Sentence. EXAMPLES.-1. Columbus discovered America.

2. Cesar invaded Gaul.

OBS. 8.-The Passive form is used when the Object of the Act is made the Subject of the Sentence.

EXAMPLES.-1. America was discovered.

2. Gaul was invaded.

OBS. 9.-The Agent of the Action is made the Object of an Adjunct Phrase, when the Verb takes the Passive form.

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EXAMPLES.-Active Voice.-1. William HAS SOLVED t 2. Mary gave me a rose.

Passive Voice.-1. The problem has been

2. A rose was given [to]

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which means....The house is be[com]ing built, i. e., p

upon it; but the house does not a

REM. This is one of the instances in which Aut Philosophy. For an act can not properly be predica Subject.

Many good writers properly reject this idiom. "Mansfield's prophecy is being realized."-Michele

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE

NOTE XIII.-A Verb which is necessari requires an Object in construction, expressed

OBS. 1.-The appropriate Object of a Sentence shoul the Object of a Phrase.

EXAMPLE. "Transitive Verbs do not ADMIT of a P them."-Bullion's Grammar, p. 91.

CORRECTED.-Transitive Verbs do not admit Prepositi [to complete the Predicate].

NOTE XIV-A Verb necessarily Intransi not have an Object, except by poetic license rhetorical purposes.

EXAMFLE. "I sit me down, a pensive hour to spend." EXCEPTION 1.--But a sinall number of Verbs are used 1 Intransitively (See p. 107, Obs. 1.)

EXCEPTION 2.-Some Intransitive Verbs may have Objects of their >wn signification.

EXAMPLES.-1. "I dreamed a dream that was not all a dream." 2. "I have fought a good fight."

OBS. 1.-Some Verbs, commonly used Intransitively, become Transitive by virtue of a Prepositional Prefix.

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EXAMPLES.-1. John goes to school....... 'goes" is Intransitive.

2. John undergoes punishment. ." undergoes" is Transitive.

3. The tower looks well ......"looks" is Intransitive.

4. The tower overlooks the city. 'overlooks" is Transitive. 5. He comes from the field.

6. "Green becomes my complexion best."

OBS. 2.-In such examples of Compound Verbs in Predicate, it is generally-not always-the Preposition in Composition that makes the Verb Transitive. The Substantive following is, logically, the Object of the Preposition; but, grammatically considered, it is the Object of the Predicate, and should be parsed accordingly.

OBS. 3.-Verbs made Transitive by this use of Prefixes, can not elegantly be used in the Passive Voice.

EXAMPLES.-1. "John undergoes punishment."-We may not say punishment is undergone by John.

2. "The tower overlooks the city."-Nor, the city is overlooked by the tower.

OBS. 4.-Prepositions not in composition, used with Intransitive Verbs to introduce Adjunct Phrases, are construed with the Predicate when the Verb becomes Passive.

EXAMPLES.-1. "The children laughed at him."-He was laughed at

by the children.

2. "We often thought of our friends at home."

friends at home were often thought of.

Our

REM.-Such expressions are not often elegant, and should be avoided when the same thought can be otherwise expressed. Thus,

He was derided by the children.

Our friends at home were often remembered.

NOTE XV.-A Verb should not be used for its Participle in Predicate.

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EXAMPLE-James ought not to have went.
CORRECTED.-James ought not to have gone.

NOTE XVI.-A Participle should not of its Verb.

EXAMPLE."The work is imperfect;-you done it to CORRECTED. "The work is imperfect; you did it to OBS. 2.-Parts of the Predicate of a Sentence ma ellipsis.

1. The leading Word.

"If [ ] heard aright, It is the knell of my departed hours."

2. The second Word.

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They may [ ] and should return to allegi 8. The whole Predicate.

"While [ ] there we visited the Asylum. ̈ "To whom, thus Eve [ ]."-Milton.

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46

Person.

Spoken of.

.Hence, Pers

..Hence, Thir

Denotes but one. ... ..Hence, Sing

Subject of "maketh."...Hence, Nom

RULE-The Subject of a Sentence must be in the Nom

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is of the Third Person,

Singular Number. ....... Hence, Third Person, Sin

gular Number.

RULE" A Verb must agree with its Subject in Person and Number.

Describes "storm".......Hence, an Adjective.
Describes, by simply spe-

cifying.

.Is a Name,.

.Hence, Specifying.

. Hence, a Noun.

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RULE.-The object of a Sentence must be in the Objective Case

[To become] a calm. Modifies "maketh"-limit

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RULE.-Note.-"A Noun or a Pronoun used in Predicate with a

Verb, is in the Independent Case."

REм.—The above is the correct grammatical construction of the Sentence, and it is correctly parsed. But without the Adjunct Phrase "to become a calm," the word "maketh" could not properly have "storm" as its Object. "Storm" is the Object of the modified Predicate, "Inaketh [causeth to become] a calm."

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