REM.-Every Particular Grammar should include all General Grammar. DEF. 5.-English Grammar is the science tigates the principles, and determines the pro tion of the English language. REM. The articulate sounds of language are indicate DEF. 6.-A Letter is a character used t sound, or to modify the sound of another lett OBS.-For observations on the properties and office APPENDIX, Note A. REM.-Letters are combined to form Words. DEF. 7.-A Word is a Letter, or a combina ters, used as the sign of an idea. EXAMPLES.-God-mysterious-stood-slowly-Ah!—l REM.-Words are combined to form Phrases and Sent DEF. 8.-A Phrase is a combination of constituting an entire proposition, but perfo tinct office in the structure of a Sentence of Phrase. EXAMPLES. At midnight, in his guarded tent, The Turk was dreaming of the hour, DEF. 9.-A Sentence is an assemblage combined as to assert an entire proposition. EXAMPLES.-1. Night approaches 2. Day is departing. 3. William is sleepy. 4. Socrates was a philosopher. 6. Joh George have arrived. 7. God created the heaven and the earth. 8. "The dying notes still murmur on the WORDS. CLASSIFICATION REMARK.-In a Discourse, words are used 1. As Names of beings, places, or things; 2. As Substitutes for names or facts; 3. As Qualifiers or Limiters of Names; 5. To modify an assertion or a quality; 6. To express relations of things or of thoughts; DEF. 10.-A Word used as the name of a being, a place, EXAMPLES.-I-thou-he-she-it-who-what-that. DEF. 12.-A Word used to qualify, or otherwise describe a Noun or a Pronoun, is called An Adjective. EXAMPLES.--Mysterious [way]—his [wouders]-the [sea.] DEF. 13.-A Word used to assert an act, of a person or a thing, is called A Verb. EXAMPLES. [God] moves- [He] plants-Day [decline. DEF. 14.-A Word used to modify the sig a Verb, an Adjective, or another Modifier, An Adverb. EXAMPLES.- "A mist ROSE slowly from the lake." "The task was exceedingly DIFFICULT. "He came between us very orT." DEF. 15.-A Word used to express a rela to each other, is called A Preposition. EXAMPLES." At MIDNIGHT in his guarded TENT, The Turk WAS DREAMING of the HOUR." DEF. 16.-A Word used to introduce a to connect Words and Phrases, is called A Conjunction. EXAMPLES." And I am glad that he has lived thus lo DEF. 17.-A Word used to express a su intense emotion, is called An Exclamation. EXAMPLES-Alas!-oh!-shocking! DEF. 18.-A Word used chiefly for the sal is called EXAMPLES- -" There are no idlers here." "Now, then, we are prepared to define ou "Even in our ashes live their wonted fire OBS.---For observations on "Words of Euphony," see P PHRASES. CLASSIFICATION. REMARK.-Phrases are used as substitutes for Nouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs; or they are independent in construction. Hence, in respect of their offices, PRINCIPLE.-Phrases are distinguished as, 1. Substantive, 3. Adverbial, 4. Independent. DEF. 19.-A Substantive Phrase is a phrase used as the Subject or the Object of a Verb, or the Object of a Preposition. EXAMPLES. "To be, contents his natural desire." "His being a minister, prevented his rising to civil power.” "I doubted his having been a soldier." "The crime of being a young man, I shall attempt neither to palliate nor deny." What "contents his natural desire"? OBS.-Substantive Phrases perform offices similar to those of Nouns and Pronouns. DEF. 20.-An Adjective Phrase is a phrase used to qualify or limit the application of a Noun or a ?orcun EXAMPLES.-"The time of my departure is at hand." Forgetting the things that are behind, I press ward. What "time"?—“Of my departure." "The dishes of luxury cover his table." What dishes?" Of luxury." DEF. 21.-An Adverbial Phrase is a phrase used to modify the signification of a Verb, an Adjective, or an Adverb. EXAMPLES." God moves in a mysterious way." "He is powerful for evil-impotent for good." "God moves”-How? "In a mysterious way." "Powerful"-In what respect? DEF. 22.-An Independent Phrase is a phrase not grammatically connected with any other element. EXAMPLES." The hour having arrived, we commenced the exercises." OBS.-An Independent Phrase performs an office in its sentence rather Logical than Grammatical. Thus, in the sentence, "The hour having arrived, we commenced the exercises," the phrase "the hour having arrived," indicates the time of commencing the exercises; but it is not joined to the word "commenced" by any connecting word. PRIN.-Phrases are distinguished also by their forms, as, 1. Prepositional, 2. Infinitive, 3. Participial,. 4. Independent. DEF. 23.-A Prepositional Phrase is a phrase introduced by a Preposition, having a Noun or a Substitute as its object of relation. EXAMPLES. "In a mysterious way." "To me." A habit of moving quickly is another way of gaining time." DEF. 24.—An Infinitive Phrase is a phrase introduced by the Preposition To, having a Verb as its object o' relation. EXAMPLES. "To love"-" To study"- "We ought not to be satisfied with present attainments." |