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OBS. 1-Words in the above list, marked with a star (*), are not

much used by modern writers.

OBS. 2.-A Verb often has a Preposition or other prefix placed before it; the conjugation, however, remains the same.

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Misunderstand,. .....misunderstood,......misunderstood.

REM. The class should repeat this list in concert-prefixing to each Verb one of the Personal Pronouns. For the Third Person a Noun may be used-thus:

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He sweeps,...he swept,
John does,...John did,
Men sit,
.....men sat,
Some hear,.
...some heard,
They see,
...they saw,

.having written ..having trod. .having swept.

.......

..having done.

....having sat.

..some have heard, ....having heard.
...they are seen,.......being seen.

To the Transitive Verbs, Objects may be attached—thus:
We saw wood,.....we sawed wood,....we have sawn wood.
Birds build nests,...birds built nests, ...birds have built nests.
John writes letters, . John wrote letters,..John will write letters.
Thou seest me,..
.....thou sawest me, ....thou wilt see me.

Other variations in these concert exercises may be profitable-such as placing the words now, to-day, &c., after the Present—yesterday, &c., after the Past Tense-and heretofore, recently, &c., after the Prior Present-thus:

I begin to-day,. ..I began yesterday,...I have begun recently.
The wind blows now, .the wind blew then, . the wind has blown often.
The bell rings often,..the bell rang lately, .the bell will ring to-morrow
William writes now, . William wrote then,. William will write often.

UNIPERSONAL VERBS.

DEF. 124.-A Verb used only as the Predicate of the Indefinite Pronoun "it," is called a Unipersonal Verb.

EXAMPLES.-It snows-It rains-It seems-It becomes-It behovesIt seems-It is evident.

Methinks is an anomalous form of the Verb think.

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EXERCISES IN REVIEW.

REM.-Let the pupil give the Voice, Mode, Tense, P of the Verbs in the following Sentences.

1. People appland benefactors.
2. Do they esteem vagabonds!
3. William nas visited Europe.
4. Have we exercised discretion!
5. Columbus discovered America.
6. Did Washington secure renown!
7. Ye had accomplished purposes.
8. I shall understand you.
9. Will Warner study Greek!
10. Thou wilt not comprehend it.
11. Ye will have accomplished much
12. We may receive instruction.
13. Canst thou guide Arcturus?
14. Shall William accompany us!
15. I will study Greek.

16. They are not appreciated.
17. Could it not be accomplished?
18. Mary might have been misinformed.
19. Wisdom should be honored.

20. Thou canst not have been understood.
21. Sevastopol could not have been taken.
22. Meteors might have been seen.
23. What should have been done?

24. Who can be trusted?

25. Have you been reading poetry?

26. Cora will be writing letters.

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27. Stephen could not have been giving attention 28. Might Clara have been admitted?

29. Boys had been reciting lessons.

30. We will not be enslaved.

81. Pupils might not have been giving attention.

32. Caroline will have visited Syria.

33. Accompany Henry.

84. Cheer him.

85. Be honored.

ADVERBS.

REM.-As actions are modified by circumstances, and as qaalities vary in degree, so words expressing actions, and words denoting qualities, modified by other words, denoting time, place, degree, manner, cause, & Hence,

DEF. 125.-An Adverb is a Word used to modify the signification of a Verb, an Adjective, or another Modifier.

OBS. 1.—Adverbial Words are of great utility in rendering the lan-. guage concise and spirited. They are commonly substituted for Phrases.

EXAMPLES.

"Brilliantly," ...for...."With a brilliant appearance.'
"Solemnly,".. .for. "In a solemn manner."

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1. "Brilliantly the glassy waters mirror back his smiles."

2. " Solemnly he took the earthly state."

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3. Vainly we offer each ample oblation."

4. "Here sleeps he now."

5. "The waves are white below."

The waves are white oelow him.

6. "Heat me these irons hot."

Heat for me these irons hot.

7. "Willie has come home-early."

Willie has come to his home-at an early hour.

REM.-"Below"-"me"-" home," and "early," are substituted for Adverbial Phrases.-[See Part I., page 23.]

OBS. 2.-Words are also substituted for Adverbial Sentences. EXAMPLES." While there we visited the prison;" for, while we were at Auburn, we visited the prison.

"Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains."

OBS. 3.-An Adverb often modifies a Phrase.

EXAMPLES.-1. We went almost To BOSTON.

2. Wilkes sailed quite AROUND THE WORLD.
3. Engraved expressly FOR THE LADIES' GARLAND.

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OBS. 4.-Adverbs may consist of Words, Phrases, 1. A Word. The very best men sometimes con 2. A Phrase.-"In the beginning, God created earth."

3. A Sentence. "They kneeled before they for

OBS. 5.-The Words which Adverbs properly mo understood.

EXAMPLE.-Thou canst but add one bitter wo

To those [ ] already there.

OBS. 6.-Adverbs sometimes take the place of W modify.

EXAMPLES.-"Off, off, I bid you." "To arms!"

"Back to thy punishment, false fugitiv

OBS. 7.-Adverbs sometimes take the place of 1 become Pronouns.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Till then"-for, till that time.

2. "From there"-for, from that place. 3. "And I have made a pilgrimage from 4. "Oh, let the ungentle spirit learn fro A small unkindness is a great offen

OBS. 8.-Participles become Adverbs when they indi of an action, or modify a quality.

EXAMPLES.-1. "The surging billows and the gamboli
Come, crouching, to his feet."

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OBS. 9.-A few words, commonly used as Prepositions used Adverbially.

EXAMPLES.-1. "Thou didst look down upon the naked 2. "And may at last my weary age

3.

Find ou the peaceful hermitage."-M

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