DEF. 122.-A Defective Verb is a Verb that is not used

in all the Modes and Tenses.

1. That the Predicate of a Sentence must have at least one Verb. 2. That it may have other Words.

3. That in Predicates formed of more than one Word, the last Word constitutes the Principal Part of the Predicate, i. e., makes the Principal Assertion.

4. That the Principal Part of a Predicate may be~

A Verb.-I love-I do see.

A Participle.-I am loved-I have seen.

An Adjective.-John is weary-Velvet feels smooth.

A Noun.-We are friends—He is a scholar.

A Pronoun. It is I-Thine is the kingdom.

5. That the Words prefixed to the Principal Part are Auxiliaries, and may be Verbs only, or Verbs and Participles. Hence,

DEF. 123.—An Auxiliary Verb is a Verb that is prefixed to another Verb or to a Participle, to distinguish the Voice, Mode, or Tense of the Principal Verb.

OBS-These Words, when used as Auxiliaries, perform peculiar offices; thus,

Be, with its various modifications, is used before a Past Participle to indicate the Passive Voice.

NOTE.-The Future and Prior Future Tenses ar tive Mode in conformity to the general custom of g regard to uniformity and consistency would pl kindred forms in the Potential Mode. For,

The "Indicative Mode is that form of the Verl assert an act, being, or state." Now a thing futur but cannot be declared or asserted. We may decla a prediction. So may we declare the possibility of a tion to perform an act. But these are done by a Predicate, called Potential Mode.

In the Sentence "I shall go," we have asserted a

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'I may go," we have asserted a "I can go," we have asserted a p "I should go," asserts obligation to perfor "I might go," asserts liberty to perform a "I could go," asserts power to perform a

Neither of the above assertions declares the perf They assert "probability, power, will, or obligation," but The Potential Present and Past alike assert a presen diction, possibility, &c., of a future act or event.

Let the Pupil substitute for the Word "John" the following Subjects, and notice what changes in the various Auxiliary Verbs must consequently be made. Thus,

requires (am-have-shall—shall have).

(art-hast-hadst-wilt-mayest-mightst.)

I

Thou

OBS.-The practical object of the following Paradigms is to teach the Pupil what are the various changes in the form of the Predicate to correspond to the Subject, and to indicate the various Modes, Tenses, PerBons, and Numbers.