Included in the census are 70 Indians. The total taxation includes the sum of $541,897 not distributed among counties. The true value of property was $498,237,724. The public debt, county, city, town, etc., amounted to $10,287,389. The aggregate value of farmproducts, including betterments and additions to stock, was $86,472,947; 1,389,762 pounds of wool were raised; 178,727 whites, and 185,941 colored persons, ten years old and over, cannot write, of whom 163,195 are males, and 201,473 are females. Of those twenty-one years old and over, who cannot write, 37,713 are white males.

A bill was introduced into the House of Representatives creating the office of a Chief Commissioner of Immigration for the State, to be appointed by the Governor for the term of five years. The commissioner is empowered and enjoined to collate, compile, publish, and circulate, in such manner, and by such agencies, and at such places, as he may deem proper and advisable, in the United States and in foreign countries, pamphlets and other publications descriptive of the resources and advantages of the State, and other facts and information having a tendency to attract and promote immigration; and to stipulate with such agents as it may be necessary to employ in foreign countries, or in the seaports of the United States, for the direction and protection of immigrants from false information and peculation, and otherwise to use his discretion in furtherance of immigration. He is also enjoined to appoint one assistant-commissioner for each of the three grand divisions of the State, and located respectively at Nashville, Knoxville, and Memphis, and whose duties shall be to aid him in all the details of the work, under his control and direction. To keep, in his own and assistant-commissioners' offices, a record of lands for sale, lease, or colonization, agricultural, mechanical, or other requirements of labor, and, to facilitate the accommodation of all such demands, this bureau and all property so contributed are to be exempt from taxation.

TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. There has been little change in the condition of the Territories during the past year, beyond a gradual progress in the settlement of the older ones and in the development of their resources. Alaska and the Indian Territory remain unorganized, and the District of Columbia has received a regular Territorial government. Colorado and Utah have been urging their claims for admission as States, but as yet with no avail. Arizona has been harassed by hostile Indians, and Utah has been the scene of some excitement in the ranks of the Mormons of Salt Lake City.

ALASKA. Very little that is new has come to light during the year concerning the condition and resources of the vast unorganized Territory known as Alaska. The authority of the United States is maintained there mainly by a military station at Sitka. The cost of

occupation is $9,388 per month as follows: for the army, $3,900; navy, $3,588; revenuecutter, $2,200; custom-house, $700. There are 3,940 Americans and Europeans at Sitka, and these are believed to be more than half that class of inhabitants in the entire Territory. The Indian population numbers about 8,300, according to the latest estimates. The principal productions, thus far, are furs, fish, and lumber. Little has been done to utilize the forests, but there are said to be almost unlimited supplies of spruce and cedar timber. The fisheries, too, are practically inexhaustible, and furnish salmon, halibut, cod, and other valuable fish. The most important are the salmon, of which 1,100 barrels were taken last year about Sitka, and 700 around Prince of Wales Island. It is worth about $8 per barrel at Sitka. The fur-trade has decreased since the United States took possession, and last year it amounted to less than $20,000, independent of the seal-fisheries. These latter are leased for twenty years to the Alaska Commercial Company at $65,000 per annum. The number of seals to be taken per year is limited to 100,000, and on each of these $2.62 is paid to the Government, and 55 cents per gallon on the oil. Thus considerable revenue is derived from these possessions. The agricultural products are very meagre where any attempt has been made at cultivating the soil, and the mines have scarcely been probed, although it is reported that rich deposits of coal and iron might be opened. Population, as returned in the census of 1870, 461 whites, and 70,000 Indians.

ARIZONA. This Territory has continued to suffer greatly throughout the year from the depredations and outrages of the Apache and other hostile tribes of Indians. (With regard to the action of the Federal Government and officers of the army in this matter, see ARMY, U. S.). The Territorial Legislature, at its last session, drew up a memorial to Congress, praying for protection. Affidavits of 97 persons were given, declaring that, within the knowledge of these persons, in two years preceding 166 persons had been killed, and 801 horses and mules, and 2,437 cattle, killed or stolen. Notwithstanding the operations of the military and of volunteer companies of citizens, and the conciliatory measures of the Peace Commissioners, little was done toward securing a cessation of these irregular hostilities. In November, Governor A. P. K. Safford wrote:

With natural resources unsurpassed, with gold and silver mines that ought to be yielding annually $20,000,000, the people are in poverty, and have undergone for years scenes of death and torture unparalleled in the settlement of any of our new countries; and, instead of receiving sympathy and encouragement from our countrymen on the outside, we are denounced as border ruffians, though in fact the laws are not more faithfully obeyed or executed anywhere than in Arizona. The people have in but one instance taken the law into their own hands since the organization of the Territory, and that the facts will show was done under the most aggravating circum

stances, the people having found, in the possession of the Indians killed, property belonging to men and women who were murdered while the Indians were fed at Grant, and for this act the perpetrators have been indicted by the grand-jury, showing that in Arizona our courts and judges do not screen any one. The Territory is out of debt, and by January 1st we shall have a free school in every district in the Territory. But, with all this, men who are making money at the cost of the lives and property of their countrymen will denounce us as every thing that is bad, and declare the Apache Indians, who for four hundred years have lived by murder and robbery, are every thing that is good. The people of Arizona want peace, they care not how it is obtained; but they know by years of experience that to feed Indians and let them roam over large reservations only places them in a secure position to raid upon the settlers, and return to the reservation for safety and rest. * * With one of the richest Territories, every one feels discouraged. At least 500 men have been killed, and a large number of them were horribly tortured; and those who are left, after fighting for years to hold the country, find themselves in poverty and are looked upon as barbarians. General Crook struck the keynote when he enlisted Indians against Indians. It threw consternation among them such as was never seen before, and had he been allowed to pursue this policy it would have taken but a few months to conquer a lasting peace. But Mr. Colyer countermanded this order, and millions will have to be expended and hundreds of lives lost before the end will be reached.

A petition, signed by the Territorial officers and a large number of citizens, was presented to the President in November, which set forth the sufferings and hardships of the people, and prayed for measures of protection. Assurance was at that time given that more vigorous measures would be adopted, and orders were sent to General Schofield accordingly. The population of the Territory in 1870 was 9,658. The seat of government is at Tucson, and the present Governor is A. P. K. Safford, The salaries of the Governor, Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Secretary, amount to $13,500, and the contingent expenses of the government amount to $1,000, besides $500 paid to an interpreter and translator in the

executive office.

9,658

3,849

Foreign.

57

3,816

934 1,002 5,809

Total for Territory..... There were included in the aggregate, according to the census, 26 colored persons, 20 Chinese, and 31 Indians.

According to the census of 1870, the assessed value of real and personal property was $1,410,295; the true value, $3,440,791; and the total taxation, not national, $31,323. 149 children were attending school, 2,690 persons, over ten, cannot read, and 1,167 males and 767 females, over twenty-one, cannot write. The number of acres of improved land is 14,585;

value of live-stock, $143,996; estimated value of all farm-products, including betterments and additions to stock, $277,998. The productions were 27,052 bushels of wheat, 32,041 of corn, and 55,077 of barley. The number of tribal Indians is officially estimated at 32,052. COLORADO.-Colorado is by far the most It contains flourishing of the Territories. about 106,000 square miles, or 66,000,000 acres, peopled in 1870 by 39,681 inhabitants. The following statistics are for the same year, but considerable progress has been made since in developing the agricultural and mineral resources of the Territory:

There are twenty-one counties in the Terrifrom only fifteen, and from these they were aptory, but the Auditor received returns in 1871 parently very imperfect. The total value of assessed property, according to these returns, was $24,112,078.37, an increase of $7,334,073.37 over the assessment of the preceding year. Of the agricultural counties, Jefferson returned the largest number of acres, 130,669, at a valuawith 100,000 acres, valued at $34,480; El Paso tion of $632,617.51; Saguache ranks second, third, with 95,324 acres, valued at $395,095; Arapahoe fourth, with 80,818 acres, at $1,624,288; and Douglas fifth, with 69,820 acres, at $256,433. The other agricultural counties take rank after Douglas as follows: Boulder, Weld, Pueblo, Larimer, and Fremont. The six counties which failed to make return of the number of acres were Conejos, Costilla, Greenwood, Huerfano, Lake, and Las Animas. Had the record of these counties been complete, it is estimated the abstracts would have shown at least 1,000,000 acres of improved land.

The whole number of cattle assessed was 142,148; horses, 15,580; mules and asses, 2,724; sheep 184,577. It has been stated that these returns do not indicate more than oneeighth of the actual number of domestic animals in the Territory. The bullion-product of the years 1870 and 1871 was $8,338,000, an increase of 50 per cent. over that of the two preceding years. At the beginning of 1869 there was a public debt of over $10,000, but

on the 3d of January, 1872, this was entirely paid off, and there was a surplus in the Treasury of $55,104.32. Of the land of the Territory about 19,077,120 acres are included in an Indian reservation occupied by four to six thousand Utes, and another large district is practically closed against settlers on account of unadjusted land-grants.

The railroad system of the Territory has been rapidly developed in the last two years, and there are now 444 miles in successful operation, of which 76 were built during this year, and 228 in 1870. Among the lines completed in the last few months is a narrowgauge road from Denver to Colorado Springs, a distance of 76 miles. It is only three feet from rail to rail, and is the first put in successful operation on this plan in the country. Among the new railroad enterprises is that of the Denver & Salt Lake road. The proposed route is from Denver along the course of the South Platte to the Middle Park, and thence by the most feasible and direct line to Salt Lake City. It will be a narrow-gauge road, and will probably be completed in about two years. It will aid in developing the rich region of the South Park, which it will traverse for 58 miles. A survey has been made for a narrow-gauge road from Pine Bluff to Golden City, a distance of 132 miles.

Near the foot of Pike's Peak are the Colorado Springs, whose waters have been lately analyzed and found to possess valuable medicinal properties.

The school law of 1870 has been found to be quite satisfactory in its working, and a tolerable system of popular education has been established. A School of Mines has been founded, but the buildings are not yet completed.

Denver, the capital of the Territory, is a flourishing town of about 8,000 inhabitants. The present Governor of the Territory is Edwin M. McCook. The expenses of the government are as follows: For salaries of Governor

and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Chief Justice, two Associate Judges, and Secretary, $13,300; for compensation and mileage of the members of the Legislative Assembly, officers, clerks, and contingent expenses thereof, $20,000; for contingent expenses of the Territory, $1,000.

The

There was an election for members of the Legislature on the 12th of September. Council, or Upper House, consists of 13 members, of whom 9 are Republicans and 4 Democrats; and the House of Representatives is composed of 16 Republicans and 10 Democrats. The total vote was 15,635 against 11,508 in 1870, and 8,167 in 1868. The aggregate of the Republican vote was 7,063, and that of the Democratic 6,572, giving the former a majority of 491.

The ninth session of the Territorial Legislature opened on January 15, 1872. The Governor, in his biennial message, recommended several reforms, among them the abolition of the grand-jury system, and a provision allowing defendants to testify in their own behalf. As a substitute for the grand-jury system, he recommends "the passage of a law authorizing and empowering the district attorney, in all cases of misdemeanor or minor offences against the Territorial laws, to file in court an information predicated on the affidavit of the prosecuting witness. This," he says, "would attain every result now realized by an indictment. District attorneys would thus be called upon to take a responsible part in the great judicial drama, and see justice administered in its purest and most enlightened form. Their action would be exposed to the searching scrutiny of their neighbors and the court, and a degree of care heretofore unknown will be induced in the institution of criminal proceedings; the number of very petty prosecutions will be decreased, and trial will be had in those cases only where conviction is almost sure to follow the presentment of an information."

According to the census, there were included in the aggregate 456 colored persons, 7 Chinese, and 180 Indians.

COLUMBIA.-An act of Congress, approved on the 21st of February, provided a Territorial government for the District of Columbia, with a Governor and Council of eleven members, appointed by the President for a term of four years, and a House of Delegates, elected by the people, consisting of 22 members. The same act repealed the charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown on and after June 1st. H. D. Cooke was appointed Governor, and the Delegates were chosen in the latter part of April, to serve until the first regular election, which took place on the 22d of November. The number of voters registered was 28,520, of whom 17,746 were white, and 10,774 colored. At the November election 20 Republicans and 2 Democrats were elected to the House of Delegates, and Norton P. Chipman, Republican, was chosen for Delegate in Congress, at the first election. The first session of the Legislature began on the 15th of May.

The financial condition of the new Territory has not been definitely shown by official reports. The funded debt of the city of Georgetown in May was stated at $250,000, and the City Registrar of Washington declared that the funded debt of that city was $2,099,124.22, while the Auditor stated it at $2,058,699.83. The latter city has also a floating debt of about $1,000,000. The receipts and expenditures of the city of Washington amounted to about $1,500,000 per year. There were in the District, in May last, 21,177 white, and 10,494 colored children between the ages of six and seventeen, while the public schools afforded accommodation for only 7,912 whites and 3,924 colored. It is stated, however, that 5,604 whites and 605 colored were in attendance on private and charity schools. A Board of Health, Board of Public Works, and Board of Charities and Correction, form parts of the Territorial government, but no definite results of their practical working are as yet ascertained. The first regular session of the Legislature occurs in 1872, and will probably receive official reports from the various departments.

DAKOTA. The Territory of Dakota was organized in 1861. It has an area of 152,000 square miles, and a population, in 1870, of 14,181, including 94 negroes and 1,200 Indians. The capital is Yankton. The present Governor is J. A. Burbank, appointed by the President. The annual expenses of the government are: For salaries of Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Chief Justice and two Associate Judges, and Secretary, $13,300; for contingent expenses of the Territory, $1,000. No special progress has been made in the last year, though the number of settlers is gradually increasing, and the resources of the Territory are being slowly developed. The contemplated Northern Pacific Railroad, which will cross the Territory, is likely to give a strong impulse to its growth.

According to the census of 1870, 1,144 children attended school during the year; 1,249 persons, ten years old and over, cannot read, and 403 males and 306 females, twenty-one years old and over, cannot write. The number of tribal Indians is officially estimated at 26,320. The assessed value of real estate was $1,695,723; of personal property, $1,228,766; true valuation of real and personal estate, $5,599,752; taxation, not national, $13,867.

The public debt, county, city, town, etc., amounts to $2,596,545. True value of property, $126,873,618.

IDAHO.-Idaho was organized as a Territory in 1863. It contains an area of about 100,000 square miles. The boundary-line between it and Utah has been but lately ascertained by actual survey, and is found to be some distance farther south than had been supposed. The population is 14,999, of whom 4,274 are Chinese. The capital is Boisé City; the Governor, Thomas W. Bennett. The expenses of the government are: For salaries of Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Chief Justice and two Associate Judges, and Secretary, $13,500; for contingent expenses of the Territory,

According to the census, there are included in the population 60 colored persons, and 47 Indians. The number of tribal Indians is officially estimated at 5,584. The true value of property is $6,552,681. Public debt, county, town, city, etc., amounts to $222,621. Value of farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock, $637,797.

INDIAN TERRITORY.-The Indian Territory, which is secured to the several tribes occupying it by the treaties of 1866, still remains unorganized. It is inhabited by about 70,000 Indians, mostly of the Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Osage, and Seminole tribes, who have attained a considerable degree of civilization. The Choctaws number about 17,000, and have 48 schools, with 1,460 pupils. They support twenty students in different white schools in the States, who are training for teachers. The annual school fund is about $90,000. The Cherokees comprise about 17,000 persons, and have 48 schools, with 1,920 pupils, besides a Moravian mission-school, several private schools, and a House of Refuge. Their school fund amounts to $50,000 annually, and they have also an orphan fund for the support of the inmates of the House of Refuge. The Creeks number about 13,000, and support 30 schools, of which six are devoted to the education of freed negroes. These schools are attended by over 700 children, and there is also a boarding-school with 80 pupils. Their annual school fund is $25,000. The Chickasaws, with a population of 5,400, have a school fund of $50,000, from which they support 11 public schools, attended by 440 pupils, and they have fifty students supported in the schools of the neighboring States, at an annual cost of $650 each. The Osages, numbering between 3,000 and 4,000, have a fund of $3,000 a year, and support fifty pupils at the Catholic mission schools. The Seminoles, numbering only 2,500, have an annual school fund of $25,000, and support 4 schools with 225 pupils. A missionschool, accommodating 50 pupils, has also been opened. The Peorias, 170 in number, have one school, with 25 pupils, and a fund of $3,000. The Ottawas have one school, with 52 pupils. The constitution for a confederated govern

ment of the tribes, which was framed at Ockmulgee in December, 1870, failed to meet the approbation of Congress, owing apparently to schemes looking to the ultimate_organization and settlement of the Territory. In fact, propositions were made to organize from it a Territory, to be called Oklahoma. Some of the smaller tribes, too, refused to ratify the constitution because it did not give to them an equal representation in the Senate of the Confederation. Thus far the political condition of the tribes remains as before, each being independent and secured in its rights by treaties with the United States. They seem to be unanimous in their opposition to a Territorial government imposed upon them by the United States. There are in the Territory 2,407 white, 6,378 colored, and 59,867 Indians; total, 68,152.

MONTANA.-The Territory of Montana is still to a great extent an unknown region. Recent exploring expeditions have found in it many wonders of Nature in the form of wild and picturesque scenery, lofty mountains, deep cañons, fertile valleys and plains, beautiful lakes and streams, remarkable caves, mineral and hot springs. The climate is said to be one of the finest on the continent, the soil in many parts is exceedingly rich, and the mineral resources are believed to be very great. Comparatively little has been done, however, to develop its natural riches. The population, as returned in 1870, was 20,595, but there are several Indian tribes of considerable extent not included in the enumeration. The capital of the Territory is Virginia City, and the present Governor is Benjamin F. Potts. The government is supported by the United States, the salaries of the Governor, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Chief Justice with two associates, and the Secretary, amounting to $13,500. An act of the last Territorial Legislature, giving thes eofficers additional compensation, has been pronounced null and void by act of Congress. The line of the Northern Pacific Railroad will cross this Territory. No local railroads have been constructed as yet, but telegraph-lines have been established from Helena, the principal city, eastward to