bour of the honeft and induftrious poor. Still farther to promote the intereft and benefit of his neighbourhood, Mr. Wedgewood planned and carried into exécution, a turnpike road, ten miles in length, through that part of Staffordshire, called the pottery; thus opening another fource of traffick, if, by froft or other impediment, the carriage by water fhould be interrupted. His pottery was near Newcastle under Lyne, where he built a village called Etruria, from the refemblance which the clay there dug up bears to the ancient Etrufcan earth. At this place he closed a life of ufeful labour, on January 3, 1795, in his 64th year. Having acquired a large fortune, his purfe was always open to the calls of charity, and to the fupport of every inftitution for the public good. To the poor he was a benefactor in the most enlarged fenfe of the word, and by the learned he was highly refpected for his original genius and perfevering industry in plans of the greateft national importance. He had been for many years a Fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. THOMAS BALGUY, D. D. DR. BALGUY was the fon of the Rev. John Balguy, prebendary of South Grantham, in the church of Salisbury, and vicar of Northallerton. Mr. Balguy was the author of a 'collection of Tracts Moral and Theological,' 8vo. 17343 The peculiar and diftinguishing Character of the Gofpel,' 8vo. 1738, and various other difcourfes and fermons. His fon, the object of the prefent memoir, was born in Yorkshire, admitted at St. John's college, Cambridge, about 1732; where he proceeded B. A. 1737, M. A. 1741, and S. T. P. 1758. He was prefented to a prebendary and the archdeaconry of Winchefter, and to the vicarage of Alton, in Hampshire, September 1771, in the gift of the dean and chapter of Winchester. He published 1. A Sermon on Church Government, on the Confecration of bishop Shipley, 1763. 2. Another on the refpective Duties of Minifters and People, on the Confecration of bishops Hurd and Moore, 1774. 3. A Charge to the Archdeaconry of Winchelter, 1772. Thefe, with fome others, were afterward collected into one volume. Difcourfes on various Subjects,' 1783, and prefented with a handfome dedication to his majesty. About this time nothing but the declining ftate of his health, for his eyefight had been decaying fome time, and at laft totally failed, prevented his acceptance of the bishopric of Gloucefter, to which his majefty, unfolicited, had nominated him, on the tranflation of Dr. Halifax to St. Afaph, from a particular regard to his talents, which he gratefully acknowledges in the dedication of these difcourfes to the king. He died at a very advanced age, at the prebendal houfe, at Winchester, Jan. 12, 1795. Dr. Balguy was a perfon of extraor dinary parts and extenfive learning, indeed of univerfal knowledge, and what is truly valuable in a man of letters, of the most exact judgment, as appears by all his discourses, which have been held in high estimation, An excellent life of his father, by Dr, Kippis, is inferted in the firit volume of the Biographia Britannica. JAMES BOSWELL, Efq. THIS gentleman was born at Edinburgh, on the 29th of October, 1740. His father Alexander, was an eminent judge in the fupreme courts of feffion and jufticiary in Scotland, by the title of lord Auchinleck, from the barony of that name in Ayrshire, which has been the property of the family for almost three centuries. His mother was Mrs. Euphemia Erkine, defcended in the line of Alva from the noble houfe of Mar. He received his education at the fchool of Mr. James Mundell, in Edinburgh. Having ftudied civil law fer fome time, he went for one winter to continue it at the univerfity of Glasgow, where he attended the lectures of the celebrated Dr. Adam Smith, on moral philofophy and rhetoric. He vifited London for the first time in 1760, having acquired an enthufiaftic notion of the felicity of a London life, which indeed always predominated with him, as he was feldom happy when out of it. He refided for fome time at the house of the late earl of Eglinton, where he was introduced into the circles of the great, the learned and the gay. During this time he published fome trifles in profe and verfe, without a name, which he has not thought worthy of a longer life than is ufually allotted to juvenile productions. His earnest wish was to procure a commiffion in the guards, but at his father's request be returned to Edinburgh and studied law, and by his agreeable manners recommended himfelf to the notice and was admitted into the focieties of the most diftinguished literary characters in that metropolis. Here he paffed his trials as a civilian, before a committee of the faculty of advocates. In the year 1762, he again vifited London, and was again defirous of obtaining a commiffion in the guards, but his father offered him, on condition of relinquithing this, and ftudying civil law for one year at Utrecht, that he should afterward be indulged to travel on the continent. In 1763, he published, with his name, a volume of Letters between the honourable Andrew Erikine and James Bofwell, efq.' a publication in which the correfpondents exercifed the playfulness of fancy fometimes a little too extravagantly. At this time he obtained the acquaintance of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and this incident gave a new turn to his purfuits, and directed his mind into a peculiar channel, from which the public have reaped no little amufement, and fome inftruction. At Utrecht, he fludied under the Germán pröfeffor Trotz, and made excurfions to other parts of the Seven Provinces, particularly the Hague. He then accompanied the earl Marif chal of Scotland into Germany, and being well recommended, paffed fome time at many of the courts; vifited Rouffeau and Voltaire; croffed the Alps into Italy, where he kept company for fome time with lord Mountfluart. The most remarkable part of his travels was his vifit to Corfica, where he became acquainted with general Paoli. In 1766, he returned to Scotland, and was admitted an advocate in the court of feffion, where he practifed for fome years fuccefsfully. When the famous Douglas caufe was in agitation, he appeared voluntarily on the fide of Mr. Douglas, and publifhed the fubftance of the proofs and arguments in a pamphlet called The Effence of the Douglas Caufe,' and fupported his client by various essays, &c. in the newspapers. In 1768, he published An Account of Corfica, with the Journal of a Tour to that Island, and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli,' a work highly amufing, and well received by the public. It was tran-` flated into Dutch, German, Italian, and French. In 1769, he married mifs Peggie Montgomery, his coufin German, a lady of excellent fenfe and affectionate temper. One of her bons mots is given in his life of Johnson. Thinking that the doctor had too much influence over her husband, she faid, with fome warmth, I have seen many a bear led by a man, but I never before faw a man led by a bear,” In 1782, he fucceeded by the death of his father to the eftate of Auchinlech. In 1783, at the time Mr. Fox's India Bill was thrown out; he publifhed A Letter to the People of Scotland on the prefent ftate of the Nation,' in which he took part with Mr. Pitt's friends. In 1785, an attempt having been made to diminish the number of the fifteen lords of feffion in Scotland, he confidered it as a moft pernicious meafure, and a violation of the union, and wrote another Letter to the People of Scotland,' which had confiderable effect, and the fcheme was given up. In 1785, fome months after Dr. Johnson's death, he published a Journal of a Tour to N the Hebrides, with Samuel Johnfon, L. L. D.' a work of fuch peculiar texture as to catch the public attention in no common manner, and paved the way for a favourable reception of the life of that great man, written on a fimilar plan. Determined to try his fate as a lawyer in England, he was called to the bar in Hilary Term 1786, and the following winter he removed his family to London. Soon after he was elected recorder of Carlisle, but after holding it about two years, he refigned it. His fuccefs at the English bar was, however,, very inconfiderable. In 1789, his wife died, leaving him five children, two fons and three daughters, of the latter one died a few months ago. In 1791, he published what he called his magnum opus, The Life of Dr. Samuel Johnfon,' in two vol. quarto, which had a rapid fale, and has fince been reprinted in three vol. 8vo. With all the objections that have been made to the plan of this work, and fome of them are not easily anfwered, it is not poffible to mention a work of equal entertainment. About the close of the year 1794, he vifited Auchinlech, and foon after his return, he was feized with a diforder, which proved fatal, on Tuefday, June 19th, 1795.. He had fomewhat of a conftitutional melancholy about him, which he often complained of, and he flew for relief, where perhaps It is beft to be found, in the fociety of the learned and the gay. Here, as he confeffes, he had rather too little than too much prudence,' and with more attachment to rural life, he might, probably, have lengthened his days. His friends loft no time in beftowing their tributes to his memory, but the first moments of regret for the lofs of a friend are not the happiest for a faithful account of his character. He had many good qualities. He was a moft pleasant companion, affectionate and friendly; but, particularly in his latter days, he betrayed a vanity which feemed to predominate. He loved praife, and if he did not feek it, he never let it be forgotten. In all his writings this failing is diftinguishable, but he could leaft conceal it, after the various compliments paid to him in confequence of the publication of Dr. Johnton's life. His abilities were 'certainly not of the first rate, and when he ftrikes, it is rather in 'little things than in great undertakings. His convivial hab ts, after Dr. Johnfon's death, led him into company that did not always accord with his fense of dignity and propriety, and he used to compofe ludicrous fongs for election dinners, which he fung in a manner that procured him no refpect. He was, however, one of thofe men to whom the literary world lie under obligations. for having given the most finifned and minute picture of a great character that ever was exhibited. We allude to his Life of Johnfon. It has been thought,' fays one of his friends, that ignorance has been wantonly expofed, and the privacy of focal life endangered. I shall not enter deeply into this question. All that I can certainly affirm is, that the work has been read with avidity and pleafure; and that he who does not with to read it again may be fufpected to be deficient in taste and in temper.' Mr. ROBERT BAKEWELL. THIS celebrated farmer was born at Difhley, in Leicestershire, in 1726. His grandfather and father had refided on the fame eftate from the beginning of this century; and his father, who died about 1760, had always the reputation of being one of the most ingenious and able farmers in the neighbourhood. Mr. Bakewell having conducted the Dishley farm feveral years before the decease of his father, began, about forty years fince, a courfe of experiments on the breed of cattle. Having remarked that all domeftic animals, in general, produce others poffeffing qualities nearly fimilar to their own, he conceived he had only to felect from the most valuable breeds, fuch as promised to return the greatest poffible emolument to the breeder; and that he fhould then be able, by careful attention to progreffive improvement, to produce a race of theep, or other animals, poffeffing a maximum of advantage. Under the influence of this notion, Mr. Bakewell made excurfions into different parts of England, to infpect the various breeds, and to afcertain those which were beft adapted to his purposes, and the most valuable of their kinds. His next step was to felect and purchase the best of all the forts wherever they could be found; and this selection, the refult of feveral years experience, was the original ftock from which he afterward propagated his own. About 1760, he fold his theep, by private contract, at not more than two or three guineas each. Sometime afterward he began to let out fome of his rams, and for a few feafons received only fifteen fhillings, and a guinea a piece for them; but, as the fame of his breed extended it felf, he advanced his prices, and, by the year 1770, was enabled to let some of his rams for the feafon for twenty-five guineas. Since that time, the prices and credit of his ftock have been progreffively increafing; and of late years, fingle rams have been let, for the feafon, for the enormous fum of 400 guineas and upward. Every branch of the agricultural art is more or lefs indebted to the fortunate genius and original mind of Mr. Bakewell. He directed his atten tion, however, the most fuccefsfully, to the improvement of the fheep known by the name of the Dilley, or New Leicestershire; to long-horned cattle, and to ftrong horfes of the black breed, fuitable for the harness and the army. The improvement of pigs, and the cultivation of the best winter food for cattle, had lately engaged his attention, and he had proved himfelf ufeful to the public, by introducing into practice the flooding of meadows. The race of Dishley theep are known by the fineness of their bones and flesh, the lightness of the offal, the difpofition to quietnefs, and, confequently, to mature and fatten with less, food than other fheep of equal weight and value. Mr. Bakewell improved his black horfes by an attention to the form which is beft adapted to their ufe. His ftallions have been led for the feafon for 100 guineas and upward. About ten years fince, he exhibited his famous black horse to the king, and many of the nobility in the court-yard at St. James'. His longhorned cattle have been characterifed by properties fimilar to thofe of his fheep, for the fineness of the bone and flesh, the lightnefs of the offal, and the difpofition to fatten. In a word, no competitor ever had the temerity to vie with him in his horfes and cattle. The prices given for his cattle at fales were enormous. Our readers will fee fome anecdotes of him, and his mode of breeding cattle in our Magazine for January laft, page zo. Mr. Bakewell, at the time of his death, Oct. 1, 1795, was verging on his 70th year. He was never mar? ried, and is fucceeded by a nephew. In perfon he was tall, broadfet, and in his latter years, rather inclined to corpulency. His countenance befpoke intelligence, activity, and a high de gree of benevolence. His manners were frank and pleafing, and well calculated to maintain the extenfive popularity he had acquired. His do meftic arrangements at Dishley, were formed on a fcale of hofpitality to ftrangers, that gained him univerfal efteem; of the numerous vifitants induced by curiofity to call at his house, none ever left it without having real fon to extol the liberality of its owner. Many interefting anecdotes are told of his humanity toward the various orders of animals; he continually deprecated the atrocious barbarities practifed by butchers and drovers, fhowing by examples en his own farm, the most pleasing inftances of docility in the animals under his care. JANDREW KIPPIS, D. D. AN eminent divine and celebrated biographical writer, born in March 1725, died in October 1795. Some memoirs of his life and writings, with his portrait, were given in our Magazine for February. HENRY OWEN, M. D. duties of his ftation he ever paid the ftricteft attention. His works are numerous, and evince the vaft progress he had made in various branches of literature. The principal of thefe aré, Hermonia Trigonometrica, or a fhort Treatife on Trigonometry, 8vo. 1748.' The Intent and Propriety of the Scripture Miracles confidered. and explained, 8vo. 1755. · Ob fervations on the Four Gofpels, tending chiefly to afcertain the times of their publication, and to illuftrate the form and manner of their compofition, • Short Direction to: 8vo. 1764.' DR. HENRY OWEN, was a native of Wales, and born about the year 1719, At a proper age he was fent to Jefus college, Oxford; where, in July 14, 1743, he took the degree of M. A. It appears to have been his young Students in Divinity, and Candidates for holy Orders, 8vo. 1766." intention to follow the profeffion of An Enquiry into the prefent State phyfic, as he proceeded to the degree of the Septuagint Verfion of the Old of B. M. October 17, 1746, and Teftament, 8vo. 1769.' The Infinally became M. D. March 29, tent and Propriety of the Scripture but it does not appear that he Miracles confidered and explained, 1753 practifed as a phyfician. His prefer in a Series of Sermons preached at ments in the church were few, and by Bow, in 1769, 1770 and 1771 at no means what his extenfive learning Boyle's Lecture, two vols. 8vo. 1773and eminent fervices merited. In This is a completion of the fmailer 1750, he was prefented to the rectory work mentioned above, printed in of St. Olave, Hart-ftreet, by private 1755 Critica Sacra, or a short patronage, and had alfo the vicarage Introduction to Hebrew Criticifm, of Terling, in Eflex, In 1776, he gvo. 1774. Supplement to ditto, received from Dr. Barrington, now 1775. With various other Criticalbishop of Durham, then canon refi Works, and Editions of ancient au dentiary of St. Paul's, the living of thors, particularly, Xenophon's Me Edmonton. On September 3, 1760,morabilia. His latt publication, The he married mifs Mary Butts, daught modes of quotation ufed by the Evans ter of the bishop of Ely. He died ter of the bishop of Ely. He died gelical Writers explained and vindiOctober 14, 1795, leaving one fon, cated, 4to. 1789, was honoured with the Rev. Henry Owen, to whom he had fome years refigned the living of St. Olave's, and four daughters... Dr. Owen was a man of very ex tenfive and profound literature, and the most amiable manners. To the a lift of fubfcribers, fo numerous and fo refpectable, as to fhow fully the fenfe entertained of Dr. Owen's merits by the most eminent literary characters of the age. .0 The famous AMERICAN RECIPE for the RHEUMATISM. AKE of garlic two cloves, and of gun-amonia, one drachm Bruife them together and make them into bolufes with water Swallow one of them at night, and one in the |