RATE 12 10 8 2 49 LABOR TURN-OVER RATES IN MANUFACTURING PER 100 ON THE PAY ROLL UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS The Bureau of Labor Statistics' survey of labor turn-over covers approximately 7,500 manufacturing establishments which in April employed nearly 3,400,000 workers. TABLE 1.-Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates in Representative Factories in 135 Industries! 1 The various turn-over rates represent the number of quits, discharges, lay-offs, total separations, and accessions per 100 employees. Including temporary, indeterminate, and permanent lay-offs. Beginning with September 1940, workers leaving to enter the Army or Navy are included in "miscellaneous separations." TABLE 2.-Monthly Turn-Over Rates in 39 Manufacturing Industries 1 1 No individual industry data shown unless reports cover at least 25 percent of industrial employment. Beginning with September 1940, workers leaving to enter the Army or Navy are included in "miscellaneous separations." • Preliminary. 4 Revised. REGULATION OF HOURS OF WORK OF MOTORVEHICLE OPERATORS THE Interstate Commerce Commission on July 12, 1938, under authority of acts of Congress designed for the promotion of safety, issued an order regulating the hours of drivers of motor vehicles engaged in interstate commerce. The regulations, effective October 1, 1938, embodied certain modifications of the Commission's order of December 29, 1937, the enforcement of which had been postponed for reargument upon petition filed by representatives of organized labor. The Commission again, on January 27, 1939, issued an order modifying the regulations, the new order becoming effective on March 1, 1939. This basic order applied originally to common and contract carriers of passengers and property but not to private carriers. A later order, effective October 15, 1940, extended the regulations, with modifications, to private carriers of property; that is, to carriers who engage in the transportation of their own property, as owner, lessee, or bailee, for sale or related commercial purposes or as an incident to the conduct of their enterprise. The interstate character of a shipment may make a trip legally one in interstate commerce even though the trip is wholly within the boundaries of one State. The limitations on hours of service were designed basically for the purpose of promoting safety and were not intended as a general standard. The Commission stated, in connection with its order of July 12, 1938: "We look with distinct disfavor on carriers or others who use regulations premised on safety as a means of defeating employees' efforts to improve their economic status." Under the regulations effective on March 1, 1939, a driver was limited to 60 hours "on duty" in any period of 168 consecutive hours (7 days), beginning at the time the driver reports for duty. Carriers conducting business every day of the week might, however, permit drivers in their employ to remain on duty 70 hours in any period of 192 consecutive hours (8 days). "Time on duty" was defined as including "all driving time, time spent loading or unloading, making out reports, waiting for work, and the like." The order limited daily 1 Summarized in the Monthly Labor Review of September 1938. Later regulations are given in Interstate Commerce Commission's Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, Revised, Washington, 1941, and are interpreted, in application to common and contract carriers, in an administrative ruling of May 16, 1939. |