and carefully caused this monument to be erected as a testimony to their mutual love, where both their bodies may rest together in expectation of a joyful resurrection."

SIR JOSIAH CHILD, BART.

Josiah Child was the son of Richard Child, a London trader. "There were those (says Lord Macaulay) who remembered him, an apprentice, sweeping out one of the counting-houses of the City." This may well have been, because it was the custom of the time to make lads, whose parents were of the middle class, go through drudgery of the kind, as one of the matters incidental to the career of a young apprentice. He amassed an enormous fortune, chiefly through his enterprise in connexion with the East India Company. "He obtained a baronetcy; he purchased a stately seat at Wanstead, and there he laid out enormous sums in excavating fish ponds, and in planting whole square miles of barren land with walnut trees."

He became ultimately almost absolute as Governor of the East India Company; he changed his politics; gave Charles II. a present of ten thousand guineas; and became, from the virulent opponent, the staunch adherent of James II., who accepted another ten thousand. The tale of his management of the East India Company-how he bribed kings, ministers, mistresses, and priests, obtained the judicial sanction

of Jeffreys to doubtful proceedings in the East, and honours and wealth for his friends, is graphically told in the pages of Lord Macaulay*—there, too, will be found the tale of his disappointment when he found that his change of politics and his unscrupulous bribery had been rendered futile by the Revolution of 1688. Sir Josiah Child retired ostensibly from a prominent part in the management of the East India Company, but is said to have remained virtually the head when his near relation, Alderman Sir Thomas Cook, bribed Ministers during the reign of William III. Macaulay says, that one hundred thousand pounds were spent in bribery to obtain the new Charter in 1693. He writes, "We know with certainty that thousands went to Seymour, and thousands to Carmarthen."+

The object of these nefarious proceedings of the Company was negatived by a premature exhibition of their rapacity; and to Alderman Sir Gilbert Heathcote, the merchants of London were largely indebted for his bold front in appearing at the bar of the House of Commons, and asserting the right to trade wherever he pleased, "until restrained by Act of Parliament."

That Sir Josiah Child was a man of rare energy

* Lord Macaulay's representations, however, must be received with caution.

Carmarthen presided over the Privy Council.
Ancestor of Lord Aveland.

and singular capacity, it is impossible to doubt. Though the greatest monopolist of his age, he was, theoretically, a free trader.

"He was vain and covetous, and a thought too cunning, though he seemed to be sincere."

He died at his seat, at Wanstead, in June, 1699. He married thrice-first to Ann, daughter of Edward Boat, of Portsmouth, by whom he had one daughter, Elizabeth, who married John Howland, Esq., of Streatham. She was the mother of Elizabeth, Duchess of Bedford, the most eminent of whose descendants is John, Earl Russell, recently PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND.

Through this marriage the families of the Duke of Bridgewater, the Duke of Bedford, the Earl of Essex, the Duke of Marlborough, the Earl of Sunderland, Earl Gower, the Earl of Albermarle, the Earl of Jersey, the Baroness de Clifford, the Earl of Wilton, Viscount Torrington, Earl De la Warr, and the Earl of Minto, are allied with the blood of Sir Josiah Child.

His second marriage was with Mary, the daughter of William Attwood, of Hackney, widow of Thomas Stone, merchant, by whom he had two daughters and one son.

The eldest daughter (Rebecca) was married, firstly, to the eldest son of the Duke of Beaufort ; secondly, to John, Lord Granville. By the first marriage her issue became connected with the

families of the Earl of Dorset, the Earl of Gainsborough, the Duke of Leeds, Viscount Scudamore, Lord Bottetourt, the Earl of Northampton, Sir Watkin William Wynne, the Duke of Rutland, Viscount Courteney, Earl Powlett, Sir H. Winston Barron, Sir William Miles, Bart., Sir Maurice O'Connell, K.C.H., the Earl of Mountnorris, Sir George Brooke Pechell, Bart., the Marquis of Stafford, Lord Carrington, Sir George Dashwood, Bart., the Earl of Harrowby, the Marquis Cholmondely, George Finch, Esq., late M.P. for Rutland, the Earl of Galloway, Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart., Sir John Walsh, Bart., Lord Londesborough, and many others of our landed gentry.

The second daughter (Mary) of the second marriage was married, firstly, to Edward Bullock, Esq.; secondly, to her cousin, Captain Hutchinson. This lady's descendants have not secured the lofty social position of the descendants of her sisters. Mr. Blake, a highly respectable chemist and druggist, in Piccadilly (the partner of the present President of the Pharmaceutical Society) comes from the issue of her second marriage.

The son (Josiah) married the daughter of Sir Thomas Cooke. He died without issue.

Sir Josiah Child married, thirdly, the daughter of Sir Henry Barnard, of Shropshire, by whom he had two sons-the eldest of these died unmarried; the second, Richard, was created Earl Tylney. He

N

married the granddaughter of Francis Tylney, Esq. His daughter (Emma) married Sir Robert Long, Bart. Their granddaughter married the Earl of Mornington (W. P. Tylney Long Wellesley), whose son bequeathed the property that remained (after the career of his dissolute father) to Earl Cowley. Sir Josiah was buried at Wanstead, where a costly monument was erected by his family.

Extract from the Parish Register of Streatham.

'May 23rd, 1695.-Wriothesley, Marquis of Tavistock, was married to Madam Elizabeth Howland, Junior, of this parish, in the chapel at Streatham House, in the presence of the grandfathers and grandmothers and other nobility, by the Right Rev. Father in God, Gilbert, Lord Bishop of Sarum."

Elizabeth, Duchess of Bedford, died of the small pox in June, 1724, leaving issue, from whom the present Duke, and Earl Russell, are descended.

ALDERMAN SIR JOHN BARNARD.

John Barnard was elected Alderman of Dowgate Ward from 1728 to 1750, and of Bridge Without from 1750 to 1756. Sheriff, 1735. Lord Mayor, 1737.

This Alderman, whose parents were Quakers, was born at Reading in 1685. He was placed at a strictly sectarian school, where he received a very imperfect teaching. From this he was removed