viable standard for the meeting of basic human needs and the protection of human rights and a mechanism for acting together to insure that the rewards of international economic cooperation are especially available to those who subscribe to such standards and are seen to be moving toward making them effective in their own system of governance.

(b) Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury shall report to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives on the progress made in carrying out this section.

Sec. 704.11 The President shall direct the United States Executive Directors of such international financial institutions to take all appropriate actions to keep the salaries and benefits of the employees of such institutions to levels comparable to salaries and benefits of employees of private business and the United States Government in comparable positions.

Sec. 705.12 The President shall direct the United States Governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the United States Governor of the International Finance Corporation, the United States Governor of the International Development Association, the United States Governor of the Inter-American Development Bank, the United States Governor of the Asian Development Bank, and the United States Governor of the African Development Fund, to consult with the other Governors of those institutions concerning adoption of an amendment to the Articles of Agreement of their respective institutions to establish human rights standards to be considered in connection with each application for assistance.

TITLE VIII-LIGHT CAPITAL TECHNOLOGY

Sec. 801.13 The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Asian Development Bank, and the African Development Bank, 14 shall promote the development and utilization of light capital technologies, otherwise known as intermediate, appropriate, or village technologies, by such international institutions as major facets of their development strategies, with major emphasis on the production and conservation of energy through light capital technologies. 15

TITLE IX-HUMAN NUTRITION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Sec. 901.18 The Congress declares it to be the policy of the United States, in connection with its voice and vote in the Interna

11 22 U.S.C. 262e.

12 22 U.S.C. 262d note. Sec. 705 was added by sec. 501(c) of Public Law 96-259 (94 Stat. 432). 13 22 U.S.C. 262f.

14 The reference to the African Development Bank was added by sec. 1342(c) of Public Law 97-35 (95 Stat. 743).

15 Subsec. (b), which previously appeared at this point and had required an annual report on the goals expressed in this title, was deleted by sec. 1371(b) of Public Law 97-35 (95 Stat. 746). 1622 U.S.C. 262g.

tional Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Asian Development Fund, and the Asian Development Bank, to combat hunger and malnutrition and to encourage economic development in the developing countries, with emphasis on assistance to those countries that are determined to improve their own agricultural production, by seeking to channel assistance for agriculturally related development to projects that would aid in fulfilling domestic food and nutrition needs and in alleviating hunger and malnutrition in the recipient country. The United States representatives to the institutions named in this section shall oppose any loan or other financial assistance for establishing or expanding production for export of palm oil, sugar, or citrus crops if such loan or assistance will cause injury to United States producers of the same, similar, or competing agricultural commodity 15

TITLE X-EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 1001.17 This Act shall take effect on the date of its enactment, except that no funds authorized to be appropriated by any amendment contained in title II, III, IV, V, or VI may be available for use or obligation prior to October 1, 1977.

TITLE XI-TARGETING ASSISTANCE TO THE NEEDY 18

Sec. 1101.19 (a) The Congress finds that there is a need for concerted international efforts to deal with the problems of malnutrition, low life expectancy, childhood disease, underemployment, and low productivity in developing countries.

(b) The Congress notes with approval that the Inter-American Development Bank, under the terms of its Fifth Replenishment, has adopted the target that 50 percent of its lending benefit the poorest groups and has developed a usable methodology for determining the proportion of its lending which benefits such groups.

Sec. 1102.20 (a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall consult with representatives of other member countries of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Fund, and the African Development Bank (if the United States becomes a member of that Bank), for the purpose of establishing guidelines within each of those institutions which specify that, in a manner consistent with the purposes and charters of those institutions, a specified proportion of the annual lending by each institution shall be designed to benefit needy people, primarily by financing sound, efficient, productive, self-sustaining projects designed to benefit needy people in developing countries, thus helping poor people improve their conditions of life.

17 22 U.S.C. 282r note.

18 Titles XI and XII were added by sec. 1361(b) of Public Law 97-35 (95 Stat. 745). 19 22 U.S.C. 262g-1.

22 U.S.C. 262g-2.

(b) The Congress finds that projects to construct basic infrastructure, to expand productive capacity (including private enterprise), and to address social problems can all meet the objectives of this section if they are designed and implemented properly. For the purposes of this title, "needy people" means those people living in "absolute" or "relative" poverty as determined under the standards employed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association.

Sec. 1103. The Secretary of the Treasury shall, not later than May 1 of 1982, 1983, and 1984, report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the progress being made toward achieving the goals of section 1102, and shall include in each such report, for each of the institutions referred to in sections 1101 and 1102, as accurate an estimate as is practicable of the proportion of the lending by that institution which benefits needy people in its borrower countries.

TITLE XII-CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATIONS 18

Sec. 1201.21 The Secretary of the Treasury or his designee shall consult with the Chairman and the Ranking Minority Member of

(1) the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the appropriate subcommittee of each such committee, and

(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the appropriate subcommittee of each such committee,

for the purpose of discussing the position of the executive branch and the views of the Congress with respect to any international negotiations being held to consider future replenishments or capital expansions of any multilateral development bank which may involve an increased contribution or subscription by the United States. Such consultation shall be made (A) not later than 30 days. before the initiation of such international negotiations, (B) during the period in which such negotiations are being held, in a frequent and timely manner, and (C) before a session of such negotiations is held at which the United States representatives may agree to such a replenishment or capital expansion.

21 22 U S.C. 262g-3.

20. Providing for Increased Participation by the United States in the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the African Development Fund

Public Law 96-259 [S. 662], 94 Stat. 429, approved June 3, 1980 as amended by Public Law 97-375 [H.R. 6005]; 99 Stat. 1821, approved December 21, 1982

NOTE.-Except for the provisions included below, this Act consisted of amendments to the Inter-American Development Bank Act, the Asian Development Bank Act, the African Development Fund Act, and the Act of October 3, 1977. These amendments have been incorporated at the appropriate places in the text.

AN ACT To provide for increased participation by the United States in the InterAmerican Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the African Development Fund.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

TITLE I-INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Sec. 102. The President shall evaluate a proposal for joint action by the countries of the Western Hemisphere and other countries which participate in the Inter-American Development Bank to increase exploration for and exploitation of energy and mineral resources of the Western Hemisphere through multilateral incentives, administered by the Inter-American Development Bank, to private investment in such resources. The President shall report his findings to the Congress not later than September 30, 1980, together with such recommendations as he considers appropriate.

TITLE II-ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

TITLE III-AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND

TITLE IV-EXPORT OPPORTUNITY ENHANCEMENT

Sec. 401.2 The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the Inter-American Develop

122 U.S.C. 283 note.

2 22 U.S.C. 262i.

ment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the African Development Fund to take all possible steps to assure that information relative to potential procurement opportunities for United States firms is expeditiously communicated to the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Commerce. Such information shall be disseminated as broadly as possible to both large and small business.

TITLE V-HUMAN RIGHTS REPORTING

TITLE VI-USE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION

Sec. 601.3 The Congress finds that

(1) without an adequate supply of energy at affordable prices the world's poor will continue to be deprived of jobs, food, water, shelter, and clothing, and poor countries will continue to be economically and politically unstable;

(2) dependence on increasingly expensive fossil fuel resources consumes too much of the capital available to poor countries with the result that funds are not available to meet the basic needs of poor people;

(3) in many developing countries the cost of large central generators and long distance electrical distribution makes it unlikely that rural energy by means of a national grid will contribute to meeting the needs of poor people;

(4) only one of eight rural inhabitants lives in an area which has access to electricity and even fewer rural inhabitants actually have or can afford electricity;

(5) wood, animal and agricultural waste, and other "noncommercial" fuels still supply about half the total energy in developing countries and all but a seventh in rural sectors;

(6) growing dependence of the world's poor on wood for heating and cooking has forced the overcutting of forests and as a consequence erosion and loss of available agricultural land; and

(7) recent initiatives by the international financial institution to develop and utilize decentralized solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and wind energy should be significantly expanded to make renewable energy resources increasingly available to the world's poor on a wide scale.

Sec. 602.4 (a) The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, and the Asian Development Bank, shall encourage such institutions

(1) to promote the decentralized production of renewable energy;

(2) to identify renewable resources to produce energy in rural development projects and determine the feasibility of substituting them for systems using fossil fuel;

*22 USC 262j note.

22 USC 262j.