APPENDIX II DECLARATION OF PARIS The Plenipotentiaries who signed the Treaty of Paris of the thirtieth of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, assembled in conference, Considering: That maritime law in time of war has long been the subject of deplorable disputes; That the uncertainty of the law and of the duties in such a matter give rise to differences of opinion between neutrals and belligerents which may occasion serious difficulties, and even conflicts; that it is consequently advantageous to establish a uniform doctrine on so important a point; That the Plenipotentiaries assembled in Congress at Paris cannot better respond to the intentions by which their Governments are animated, than by seeking to introduce into international relations fixed principles, in this respect. The above-mentioned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized, resolved to concert among themselves as to the means of attaining this object; and having come to an agreement, have adopted the following solemn declaration: 1. Privateering is and remains abolished; 2. The neutral flag covers enemy's goods, with the exception of contraband of war; 3. Neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war, are not liable to capture under enemy's flag; 4. Blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective-that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy. The Governments of the undersigned Plenipotentiaries engage to bring the present Declaration to the knowledge of the States which have not taken part in the Congress of Paris, and to invite them to accede to it. Convinced that the maxims which they now proclaim cannot but be received with gratitude by the whole world, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries doubt not that the efforts of their Governments to obtain the general adoption thereof will be crowned with full success. The present declaration is not and shall not be binding, except between those Powers who have acceded, or shall accede, to it. Done at Paris, the sixteenth of April, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six. APPENDIX III CONVENTION FOR THE AMELIORATION OF THE (Names of thirty-five States) to Being equally animated by the desire to lessen the inherent evils of warfare as far as is within their power, and wishing for this purpose improve and supplement the provisions agreed upon at Geneva on August 22, 1864, for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded in armies in the field, Have decided to conclude a new convention to that effect, and have appointed as their plenipotentiaries, to wit: (Names of delegates) Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the following: (Translation) CHAPTER I THE SICK AND WOUNDED ARTICLE 1. Officers, soldiers, and other persons officially attached to armies who are sick or wounded shall be respected and cared for, without distinction of nationality, by the belligerent in whose power they are. A belligerent, however, when compelled to leave his wounded in the hands of his adversary, shall leave with them, so far as military conditions permit, a portion of the personnel and matériel of his sanitary service to assist in caring for them. ART. 2. Subject to the care that must be taken of them under the preceding article, the sick and wounded of an Army who fall into the power of the other belligerent become prisoners of war, and the general rules of international law in respect to prisoners become applicable to them. The belligerents remain free, however, to mutually agree upon such clauses, by way of exception or favor, in regard to sick and wounded prisoners as they may deem proper. They shall have authority to agree: 1. To mutually return the sick and wounded left on the field of battle after an engagement. 2. To send back to their own country the sick and wounded who have recovered, or who are in a condition to be transported, and whom they do not desire to retain as prisoners. 3. To send the sick and wounded of the enemy to a neutral state, with its consent and on condition that it shall charge itself with their internment until the close of hostilities. ART. 3. After every engagement the belligerent who remains in possession of the field of battle shall take measures to search for the wounded and to protect the wounded and dead from spoliation and ill treatment. He will see that a careful examination is made of the bodies of the dead prior to their interment or incineration. ART. 4. As soon as possible each belligerent shall forward to the authorities of their country or Army the military tokens, or badges of identification, found upon the bodies of the dead, together with a list of the sick and wounded taken in charge by him. Belligerents will keep each other mutually advised of interments and transfers, together with admissions to hospitals and deaths which occur among the sick and wounded in their hands. They will collect all personal belongings, valuables, letters, etc., which are found upon the field of battle, or have been left by the sick or wounded, or by those who have died in sanitary formations or other establishments, for transmission to interested persons through the authorities of their own country. ART. 5. Military authority may make an appeal to the charitable zeal of the inhabitants to receive and, under his supervision, to care for the sick and wounded of the armies, by granting to persons responding to such appeals special protection and certain immunities. CHAPTER II SANITARY FORMATIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS ART. 6. Movable sanitary formations (i. e., those which are intended to accompany armies in the field) and the fixed establishments belonging to the sanitary service shall be protected and respected by belligerents. ART. 7. The protection due to sanitary formations and establishments ceases if they are used to commit acts injurious to the enemy. ART. 8. A sanitary formation or establishment shall not be deprived of the protection accorded by article 6 by the fact that: 1. The personnel of a formation or establishment is armed and uses its arms in self-defense or in defense of its sick and wounded. 2. In the absence of armed hospital attendants, the formation is guarded by an armed detachment or by sentinels regularly established. 3. Arms or cartridges, taken from the wounded and not yet turned over to the proper authorities, are found in the formation or establish ment. CHAPTER III PERSONNEL ART. 9. The personnel exclusively charged with the removal, transportation, and treatment of the sick and wounded, as well as with the administration of sanitary formations and establishments, and the chaplains attached to armies shall be respected and protected under all circumstances. If they fall into the hands of the enemy they shall not be regarded as prisoners of war. These provisions apply to the personnel of the guard of sanitary formations and establishments in the case provided for in section 2 of article 8. ART. 10. The personnel of volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their respective governments, who are employed in the sanitary formations and establishments of armies, are assimilated to the personnel contemplated in the preceding article, upon condition that the said personnel shall be subject to military laws and regulations. Each state shall make known to the other either in time of peace or at the opening or during the progress of hostilities-in any case, |