There is a paffage alfo of the fame fort in Philo Judæus, which, as, in the language of a certain fantaftic and faftidious hyper-critic, it probably has been little "blown upon," we shall produce: τὸ ἐμμελὲς, καὶ ἔυρυθμον, ἐκ ἐν φωνῇ μᾶλλον ἢ διανόιᾳ ἐπιδείκνυθαι πειρωμένος. Ρ. 656. edit. Manger, vol. 2d.

7.

Page 34. 1. 7 "Eeyov d'adev overdos, &c.] Mirum eft inter antiquos fuiffe, qui hunc locum Hefiodi male funt interpretati quafi dudev ad you referendum effet, cum ad veidos referri debeat. Simpfon. Profecto, dev ad veidos commode referatur, fi verfus citatus per fe confideretur: fi vero conjungatur cum fequentibus, quæ iftius explicandi gratia proferuntur, ad you referatur necefle eft. Socrates inter ποιξιν τι και εργασαθαι pro fuo more acutiffime diftinguit.' Vide L. iii. 9. 5. Edwards.

This note is very fenfible and convincing, both in the part which is quoted, and in the remaining part, which relates to the Socratic use of terms.

Page 39. 1. 5. ή Πυθία αποκρίνεται.] Erneft. pofuit υποκρίνεται. Sed recte fe habet lectio vulgata. Confer L. iv. 3. 8.

We think Erneftus right, and affign the following reafons: Erneftus reftituit ex Junt. et M. S. Vindob. 1. verbum exquifitius, cujus αποκρίνεται eft Scholion. Suidas enim υποκρίνεσθαι, inquit τὸ ἀποκρίνεσθαι οι παλαιὸι. Et Hefychius ὑποκριθῆναι, áπоxρiñναι. This note of Zeunius we will confirm by the following quotation from Alberti, in his note on the word in Helychius Notum eft ex Hom. Herodot. aliis paffim ironρíVEα olim pro amoxρíveda ufurpatum fuiffe. Nec femel ita apud Arrian. ut pluribus docui in Obferv. ad Matth. vi. 2. Atticos enim ita locutos effe tradit Schol. Hom. ad 11. H 407. coll. II. M. 228. Quin et Artemidor. 1. 4. p. 215. fin. Expívaτo pro refpondit. Adde Thom. M. ejufque Interpp.'

T. Magifter writes ὑποκρίνομαι καὶ τὸ ἀποκρίνομαι, καὶ υπόκρισις TO AUTO. He juftifies his interpretation by two paffages in the first book of Herodotus. We add another authority from the 2d book, page 184. Tov de άUTE UTоngívedal. The critical reader would do well to confult the interpretation of arоxpivouaι in Stock, clav. L. Sanct.

αποκρινομαι

P. 41. 1. 3. oirw-he quotes the famous paffage from D. Laertius-ἔλεγε Σωκρατης, τους μὲν ἄλλους ανθρώπες ζῆν ἵν ̓ εσθίοιεν, αυτὸν δὲ ἐσθίειν, ἵνα ζώη. 1. 11.

Ρ. 42. 1. 6. ὑπὲρ τὸν καιρὸν ἐμπίπλασθαι.—Erneftus reads κόσ gov. Dr. E. would retain xaigov, because it means, flos temporis, tempeftiva occafio, whence it fignifies, modum et menfuram rei; and he refers to Xen. in Agefil. cap. 5. 1. et Hellenic. 1. 1. Zeunius, alfo, confiders xogov, as the interpretamentum exquifitiffimi xaipov, quod perfæpe apud Xenophontem de modo rei dicitur, He too refers to the Agefil.

3

3.

In

In p. 47. 1. 6. Dr. E. would retain μnxavμvov, which is thrown out by Erneftus, Ruhnkenius, and the vir quidam doctus apud Simpfonem. If this vir doctus was Di. E. he had changed his mind on this fubject; if it was not, we are forry to find the Doctor adopt or repeat his opinions fo often without acknowledgment.

P.

Ρ. 50. 1. 5. ἐρώτα γουν καὶ ἀποκρινούμαι. Dr. Edwards and others would expunge thefe words. Zeunius cannot account for their being interpolated, and confiders them, very judiciously, as the fhrewd reply of Ariftodemus.

[To be concluded in our next]

[The following Article has been communicated by one of our most refpectable corresponding Affociates, who (refiding abroad) had not feen the account given of M. Savary's late pubiication, in our last App ndix.-This farther, though brief, view of the subject will, no doubt. be well received by our Readers, as it contains fome curious obfervations, which they will accept, in ADDITION to those that are comprehended in the former Article.]

ART. XVII. Lettres fur l'Egypte, &c. i. e. Letters concerning Egypt; in which a Parallel is drawn between the ancient and modern Manners of its Inhabitants; its prefent Situation, Commerce, Agriculture, and Government are described; and a Relation is given of the Attack of Damietta by St. Lewis. Compiled from Joinville, and the Arabian Authors; and accompanied with Maps. By M. SAVARY. Vols. II. and III. Svo. Paris. 1786.

WE

E gave, at the time of its appearance, an account of the first volume of these Letters *, with the expreffions of efteem that were due to the erudition and capacity of their Author. In the volumes now before us, he fets out from Cairo, arrives at those borders of the Nile, where the tribes of the wandering Arabs have pitched their tents, and describes, with spirit and precifion, the manners of this people, which are already fufficiently known. When he came to Memphis, so famous in ancient ftory, he found nothing but ruins, the Arabs having removed to Cairo the columns and remarkable remains of that city, which they have placed, without tafte or order, in their mofques and other edifices. The plain of Mummies alto difappointed his curiofity; for the bodies deposited there, which were embalmed with fuch care and formerly preferved with fuch refpect, are, at present, torn from their fepulchral monuments and fold to ftrangers. With refpect to the Pyramids, he confiders them as royal tombs, not erected through vain oftentation, but from a principle of religion; for the Egyptians, fays he, believed

• See Rev. Nov. 1785.

that

that as long as their bodies were preferved from corruption, their fouls would continue in them; and, after a period of three thoufind years, would re-animate them. It was this doctrine, continues he, that gave rife to these vaft buildings with narrow floping paffages, which the architects employed all their invention to render inacceffible.-This account is not new; it is mentioned by Greaves, and other writers. We are, however, rather inclined, in a matter fo dark and ambiguous, to adopt the opinion of the learned Bryant, who confiders the Pyramids as defigned for high altars and temples, conftructed in honour of the Deity.

In defcribing the ancient monuments of the province of Arfinoé, now Favium, he exhibits a comparative view of the ancient and modern topography of that country. He then proceeds to the famous Labyrinth, afcertains its fituation by the teftimonies of the ancients, and gives, from Herodotus, a magnificent description of that ftupendous edifice, compofed of twelve separate palaces under one immense roof, which contained three thousand apartments. The vestiges of this aftonishing edifice ftill fubfift in the ruins of Balad Caroun; and they rather confirm than invalidate, according to our Author, the accounts, which the ancient hiftorians give of its magnificence. What he fays of the prefent ftate of the lake Moeris is a farther confirmation of the credibility of the ancient writers in their wonderful accounts of the former grandeur of the Egyptians, of their ftupendous undertakings and the marvellous labour with which they were executed; for if, as he tells us, that lake has still a circumference of fifty leagues after the waftes and revolutions which have, for above 2000 years paft, changed the face of that country, we do not fee why Pliny and the general voice of antiquity should be difbelieved when they declare unanimoufly, that its circumference was 80 leagues in former times. The ruins of Thebes are alfo, in their prefent ftate, adapted to vindicate the hiftorians of old from the charge of exaggeration, as they bear furprising marks of its former magnificence, even while they convey to the mind dejecting impreffions of the waftes of time. Our Author is circumftantial in his account of the majestic remains of one of its four principal temples, whofe gates, porticos, marble walls that feem indestructible, enormous fphinxes, coloffal ftatues, fome 33 feet high, ftill continue to aftonish the traveller. The space occupied by the ruins of Thebes is fo extenfive, that three days are required to walk round them. Upper Egypt, in which, at this day, there is fcarcely any thing that merits the name of a town, exhibits many fplendid remains of wealthy cities, of temples, in whofe roofs and cielings gold and azure are ftill ob fervable; and in an extent of above two hundred leagues the banks of the Nile are covered with mountainous heaps of ruins.

Several

Several interefting objects employ the learned researches of M. SAVARY in the third and laft volume, fuch as the temperature of the climate in Egypt, the various manners of its different inhabitants, their marriages, manners, domeftic economy and rural labours, the revolutions of their commerce from the remoteft antiquity to the prefent time. But the ancient worship of this people, and their deities, are the principal objects of his acute and laborious inveftigation in this volume. He feems to have collected and ftudied carefully all that has been faid by preceding writers on the Egyptian theology. He difcuffes their various fentiments with learning and judgment, and corrobo rates, by new arguments and confiderations, the opinions of thole, who have proved that the pretended deities of this people were no more than the names of the different attributes of one and the fame Supreme God, or emblems defigned to exprefs the meteors that are common in that country, the phenomena that return with certain revolutions of the heavenly bodies, the influence of the fun and the winds, and the bounties which Nature fheds with a liberal hand on that fertile region. His defcriptions of the fertility of Egypt, and the temperature of its happy climate, are lively and brilliant, but fometimes rather too pompous and poetical for the epiftolary ftyle: they, however, come in happily enough to relieve the mind of the reader with an agreeable diverfity of objects, after it has been following the Author in the paths of ferious literary inveftigation.

The Reader wili obferve, that in this article we mean not to follow the Author regularly in the courfe of his narration, defcriptions, and reflections. We only touch upon fome of the principal objects of his researches, as fpecimens of the contents of a work, comprehending a multitude of facts and observations, which we could not even fimply enumerate without swelling this account of it to an improper length. We fhall only obferve, that with respect to the climate and manner of living in Egypt, of which our Author's account is perhaps one of the most curious parts of this publication, he differs confiderably from feveral modern writers of note. It has been faid by M. Pauw, and others, that the plague comes originally from Egypt, and is propagated from thence into all the provinces of the Turkish empire. Our Author opposes this opinion by facts, which he thinks fully afcertained by the experience of all the Europeans, who have refided in Egypt. He goes ftill farther: he maintains, that it is from Smyrna and Conftantinople that the plague is carried to Egypt, where it breaks out in the fea-port towns, after the arrival of the Turkish veffels, and from thence is propagated gradually to the capital *.

* See this point more particularly difcuffed in the former account of M. Savary's two volumes in our last Appendix, p. 524.

We

We shall not dwell longer on this entertaining work, because we have feen an English translation of it advertited; when it will again come under our confideration.

MONTHLY

CATALOGUE,

For SEPTEMBER, 1786.

MEDICA L.

Art. 18. Obfervations in Midwifery, particularly on the different Methods of affifting Women in tedious and difficult Labours: to which are added, Obfervations on the principal Disorders incident to Women and Children. By William Deafe, Surgeon to the United Hofpitals of St. Nicholas and St. Catharine. 8vo 35. Dublin printed; and fold by Ryan, in Oxford Street, London.

WE

E are forry that this performance did not fooner fall into our hands it is replete with judicious remarks and plain practical directions. A material obje ion may be made to the inftrument Mr. Deafe recommends in preference to Smellie's. The faults he finds with Smellie's are well founded; yet, by altering their conftruction, many inconveniences, attending their ufe, may be removed.

The most valuable part of this work is, the great collection of cafes, which the Author has inferted at the end of his obfervations; thofe concerning the appearances on diffection, during pregnancy, are valuable, as well on account of their number and variety, as the accuracy and faithfulness with which they feem to be related. Art. 19. A Treatise on the Venereal Difeafe. By John Hunter. 4to. 11. 1s. London, fold at No. 13, Caftle Street, Leicester Square. 1786.

Notwithstanding the numerous publications on this fubject, the nature of the difeafe is far from being completely inveftigated; and, from the variety of forms, in which it appears, no malady is more likely to bewilder the practitioner. A rational method of cure, namely, one that is established on true principles, and confirmed by experience, must be a very defirable object to the physician, and a material benefit to the afflicted.

Various have been the motives of Authors for publishing their thoughts on fo terrible, and (we are truly forry to add) too common a malady lucrative views have occafioned many treatifes, nor has the wifh of the Author to become known produced fewer. But if we

give credit to Mr. H. and we fee no reason why we should not, very different confiderations gave birth to the present performance. He was in hopes that several new obfervations contained in his treatise would be deemed worthy of the public attention, and he was defirous to have an opportunity of afferting his right to fome opinions that have made their way into the world under other names.'

Our Author evidently intended to comprehend, in the work before us, every variety and known fhape of this multiform difeafe; but, as might be expected from fo extenfive a plan, we meet with

feveral