guides" mentioned by him were issued by the former owners of the property! Also that the massive staircase of Elizabethan period was brought from another old house in Bristol since the fire. JOHN E. PRITCHARD. 22, St. John's Road, Clifton. GORE OF WEIMAR (11 S. vi. 402, 423, 512). -Having again visited the "Wittumspalais, I should like to add to the information already printed in N. & Q.' There are preserved two portraits of ladies belonging to the Gore family, viz., Miss Emilie Gore and Miss Elisa Gore. Reproductions of the latter portrait can be obtained from the caretaker (Kastellan), and permission to have the other photographed would no doubt be granted on application. Both portraits are by Graff. Weimar. HEINRICH MUTSCHMANN. HON. JAMES BRUCE OF BARBADOS (11 S. viii. 167).—The Hon. James Bruce had | nothing to do with the family of the Earl of Elgin. He was the son of Alexander Bruce, who was second son of Robert Bruce of Kennet, an ancestor of the present Lord Balfour of Burleigh. Alexander Bruce was born in 1637, and married 17 April, 1677, Margaret, eldest daughter of James Cleland of Stonepath, Peeblesshire. On 11 June, 1663, he had a grant of the lands of Garlet from his father. He graduated at the University of Edinburgh 26 July, 1657, and was ordained minister of the parish of Kirkurd, Peeblesshire, in 1690, more than thirty years after his graduation. Three years later he resigned his charge and went to Ireland, serving first at Donaghadee, co. Down, and later, in 1697, at Veincash, co. Armagh, where he died 16 April, 1704; his widow died in 1722. He left several sons: of these, James, the third, was born in 1691. He went to the West Indies and resided at Barbadoes for many years, being a member of the Assembly there and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas (whence, I presume, his title "Hon."). He is said to have acquired a handsome fortune, and at the time of his death, on the date mentioned by MR. PINK, was returning to Scotland to settle for life. J. B. P. In the West Indies all members of H.M. Council were styled "Hon.," so that this title affords no clue. James Bruce is stated to have purchased in 1719, from the executors of his uncle Col. Cleland deceased, a plantation in the parish of NAPOLEON I. AND DUELLING (11 S. viii. 50).—I cannot remember having ever read of Napoleon having issued any positive prohibition of duelling in his army, though there were frequent instances of the expression of his disapproval of particular cases. Perhaps the following extract from SaintHilaire's Histoire populaire de la Garde Impériale,' p. 18, describes accurately his action-at all events, as regards such inci. dents connected with his Guard : "Le duel enfin était rare entre militaires appartenant à la Garde impériale. Lorsque, par hasard, un de ces événements arrivait, Napoléon se faisait adresser un rapport circonstancié des causes de la rencontre et du résultat. Puis, quand sa religion était bien éclairée, il sévissait avec un rigueur qui tombait de préférence sur le provocateur, qu'il eût été vainqueur ou qu'il eût été vaincu. Cependant il ne fit jamais revivre les anciennes lois contre les duels, et n'en institua pas de nouvelles : c'est une justice à lui rendre.” C. HAGGARD. HEBREW OR ARABIC PROVERB (11 S. viii. 30, 115, 136).—See Burton's Anatomy of Melan"ut Camelus in procholy,' i. 2, 3, 14: etiam quas habebat verbio quærens cornua, A. R. Shilleto in his edition, aures amisit." i. 343, refers to Erasmi Adagia,' 829, 830. EDWARD BENSLY. 6 66 Yspytty Vicarage, Bettws-y-coed. 66 In reply to MR. PENRY LEWIS's query I may say, as regards Welsh, that gogledd, north, does not also mean left ; and aswy and chwith, the words for "left," cannot also be used for "north." This agrees with what MR. PENRY LEWIS says of Sinhalese; what the explanation may be I cannot say. Nor can I say with certainty that left and north were never, in Welsh, interchangeable; but such is my belief. I may add that in the Isle of Axholme means left-handed." H. I. B. 66 66 66 in Lincolnshire north-handed 66 have different words for "left and "north." Welsh (with Breton) has the above equations. Thus, deheu is right hand " and south," gogledd is "north (Welsh) and "left hand " violet (Breton; now pronounced léz). دو In India the Deccan is, in Sanskrit, Dakshina; and Arrian ('Periplus m. Eryth.) says of it: Aaxava Báons kaleiraι χώρα δάχανος γὰρ καλεῖται ὁ νότος τῇ αὐτῶν γλώσσῃ. In modern Greek the hard aspirate (h, as in Arabic) is always transliterated x. A tendency in this direction may be as old as the second-century historian. H. H. JOHNSON. 68, Abbey Road, Torquay. Welsh for north"=gogledd; Welsh for "left"=chwith, aswy, and cledd. Prof. J. Morris Jones, in his recently published standard Welsh Grammar, p. 156, shows that probably the two Welsh words chwith and aswy can ultimately be derived from a hypothetical root klei-, which would also be the ultimate root of the Latin scavus (left) and lævus (left), and evidently a cognate at least with the root of the Latin word clivus (slope or decline), the root of Welsh gogledd. All these words appear to have a common secondary meaning of 7. Claret which has the true odour of the is in 'Lothair,' in the description of Mr. Putney Giles's dinner. without inverted commas, in Lord Beacons(c) "Men of light and leading" was used, field's manifesto before the general election of 1880. Critics abused it as characteristically bad English, till they found that it was quoted from Burke. G. W. E. R. SOLICITORS' ROLL (11 S. viii. 89, 158).— The Admission Rolls of Attorneys prior to 1843 are deposited in the Public Record Office. The Roll of Solicitors since 1843 is in the custody of the Law Society, Chanwhich records biographical and professional cery Lane, which also has a department details of all solicitors. R. A. C. AUSTRIAN CATHOLIC MISSION IN THE SUDAN (11 S. viii. 168).-Information about this mission is contained in the prefaces to J. C. Mitterrutzner's Grammatik der Dinka-Sprache' and 'Grammatik der BariSprache,' both published at Brixen about 1866. Cp. also A. E. Wallis Budge, 'The Egyptian Sudan,' ii. 312. S. HILLELSON. WOUNDS": THE "THE FIVE JANUS but it is "a hand extended and borne CROSS AT SHERBURN, YORKS (11 S. viii. 107, transverse the chief," pointing, of course, 176). At the second reference ST. SWITHIN to the dexter side of the field, and necessarily states that the Janus Cross at Sherburn, a dexter hand. Perhaps I may add that after having been sawn in two pieces, is this 1638 Guillim says nothing about B. B. at the church at present, and not joined. baronets and their badge. In Mr. Edward Bogg's 'The Old Kingdom of Elmet' (1902), p. 203. is a plate of the cross, the two portions fixed together, and placed in the south aisle. S. L. PETTY. Under the altar in Royston Church, Herts, is a slab bearing a fifteenth-century brass cross on a stepped Calvary. At the inter section of the cross is a wounded heart; at each of the four extremities of the cross is representation of a wound from which blood flows, but neither hands nor feet are shown. A. W. ANDERSON. On the grave-cover of Roger Baynthorpe at Bardney Abbey is a heart bleeding from five wounds, each with five lines of blood like flagella or ermine-spots. J. T. F. RED HAND OF ULSTER: BURIAL-PLACE OF THE DISRAELIS (11 S. vii. 189, 275, 334, 373, 434; viii. 14, 95, 154).—Benjamin Disraeli the elder, who died in November, 1816, was not buried in the old burial-ground behind the Beth Holim, but in the newer and larger cemetery belonging to the Sephardi Jews in the Mile End Road, close to the People's Palace. The grave is No. 62 in the forty-ninth carreira, or row, and is easily found, and the inscription-which is brief-quite decipherable, the stone having been restored by Lord Beaconsfield, The grave next was reserved for the widow, Sarah; but she was buried at Willesden Church, being, according to her grandson, “informally a Protestant." T. COLYER-FERGUSSON. to I believe, pace MR. G. H. WHITE, and Mr. Barron whom MR. WHITE quotes, that the old heralds took particular care blazon a hand as either dexter or sinister. Guillim was an old herald. In the third edition of his book, dated 1638, he assigns a chevron and three sinister hands to Maynard, and a fesse and four dexter hands to Quatermain. So also when hands or arms are in armour. Armstrong bears three dexter arms vambraced; Fane, three left-hand gauntlets. In the present day, three sinister gauntlets belong to Vane, and three dexter gauntlets to Fane; but I refer only to the 1638 edition of Guillim. In one case, it is true, Guillim speaks simply of “a hand RINGS WITH A DEATH'S HEAD (11 S. viii. 170).—In 1623 ( Archdeaconry of Stow Wills proved 1624-6,' 248) Katherine Gearinge of Winterton, singlewoman, sick, left to Katherine, Mary, Jane, and Elizabeth, daughters of Peter Gearinge her brother, "to each of them 108. to buy them rings with a death's head." J. T. F. Winterton, Lincs. John Awdry, curate of Melksham, Wilts, left to his daughter Prosper Awdry by his will, proved 22 Sept., 1637, “her Mothers Wearing Apparell, her Mothers bearing cloth, my best Chest, her mothers trunke, her mother's wedding ringe, my halfe Sparrowgall, and my death's head ringe." Prosper Awdry married Thomas Dugdale of Seend, Wilts, and died 17 March, 1676/7. Her son Thomas Dugdale died in 1711, and in his will, proved 12 Nov., 1711 (P.C.C. 255 Young), he bequeaths to his son Thomas Dugdale, besides lands and plate, one ancient ring with the Awdry Arms upon it and a death's head on the reverse, which I desire my son to keep unto his death.” Teddington. 66 E. H. D. I can give one instance of such a bequest occurring in my own family. In the will of Rice Gwynn of Fakenham, Norfolk, Serjeant at Law, dated 17 Dec., 1629, appears the following :— "I also give to him [Thomas Gwynn, his brother] and to my brothers William, Owen, and Richard, to everie of them....one ringe of twenty shillinges with deaths head ingraven thereon, and to my sister Jane, the wife of Richard Mericke, esquire, the like ringe, to be provided for them by my executors within half a yeare after my decease." CECIL GWYN. THE ARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENTS' (11 S. viii. 21).-As to Robert Samber, the first author to introduce Cinderella and Little Red Riding Hood to the English, referred to in the interesting note contributed by COL. PRIDEAUX, I have the following privately printed folio of 32 pp., with two facsimiles: "Robert Samber, by Brother Edward Armit Ars Quatuor Coronatorum.' age, reprinted from Margate, printed at ‘Keeble's Gazette' Office, 1898." RALPH THOMAS. 66 Notes on Books. A Handbook of Lancashire Place-Names. By John Sephton. (Liverpool, Young & Sons.) DESPITE the recent appearance of Prof. Wyld's book on Lancashire place-names, we are glad that Mr. Sephton has not been induced to suppress his own labours in the same field. Conjecture inevitably plays a large part in the explanation of words disfigured so largely as place-names are apt to be by abrasion, false etymologies, and the transference from one language to another; and whenever conjecture is legitimate, the play of well-informed minds is likely to be useful. Mr. Sephton's guesses are sober and scholarly; and he seldom commits himself to a preference of one alternative to another, usually contenting himself with a simple setting down of possibilities. is good. The The plan of the volume BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WANTED (11 S. viii. 189).-Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Bishop of Winchester.-Foster is almost certainly right as to the college from which Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Bishop of WinMr. C. W. Boase chester, matriculated. in his Register of Exeter College,' pt. ii. p. 326, gives the date of his admission as commoner of Exeter College (probably from the College Caution Book) as 14 April, 1668, and his matriculation in agreement with Foster, who gets his statement from Dr. Chester's transcripts of the University Matriculation Register. Mr. Twemlow had probably very good reasons for his statement in the article in 'D.N.B.' He had the support of Wood, who (Athenæ,' iv. 895) says he entred into Ch. Ch. Mich. Term 1668, aged 18 years," and might have in-material is arranged in two chapters, of which ferred it from Welch's record of the election to Oxford from Westminster in 1668 (p. 165), in which Jonathan Trelawny appears second in the list. The explanation seems to be that Trelawny was admitted to Exeter before the election at Westminster, which took place on the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday after the festival of St. Peter and St. Paul (29 June), and, having paid his caution, was also matriculated thence. I can offer no evidence on the subject of the date, 11 Dec., 1668, given as the day of his matriculation from Christ Church. G. F. R. B. may perhaps find, if he inquires of the authorities at Christ Church, that this was the date of his admission there, and may also be able to ascertain from them the solution of the difficulty that, while he was elected from Westminster in July, 1668, he is both by Wood and Mr. Twemlow said to have been made student of Christ Church in the year following-i.e., 1669. JOHN R. MAGRATH. The Rev. W. K. Stride in his history of Exeter College (1900), p. 76, says Trelawny (who, as Bishop of Exeter, was Visitor of the College of that name)" had been a Commoner of the College in the early days of Bury's Rectorship." Arthur Bury was elected Rector in 1666; and as Trelawny matriculated from Christ Church in 1668, his stay at Exeter must have been, in any case, a brief one. A. R. BAYLEY. AUTHOR WANTED (11 S. viii. 107, 158).- Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers. the first treats of all the names which can be The elements of language with which we are here concerned are principally Low German and Scandinavian, with no inconsiderable admixture of the Celtic or pre-Celtic. Many of the adjectival themes are personal names, but few or none convey any history still memorable. Their interest is chiefly philological: the degradations they have undergone, whether by formation of nicknames or the careless use of them in composition, whether by confused orthography or the addition (for whatever reason) of letters and syllables. And it cannot be said that the descriptive names are of a poetical or picturesque cast: they are the kind of names any people might well give in a hurry, baldly sufficing to distinguish one place from another. Our forefathers seem somewhat to have lacked genius for felicitous naming; and yet it is curious to notice how these words, originally so neutral-tinted, have in many cases taken on sonority or colour or an air of poetry. Roseacre, for example, has a pretty sound, and carries suggestion which might fit it for a novel; but its first theme is hreysi, Old Norse for a heap of stones, and its true meaning is probably "a stony field." Among the more interesting of the noun-themes is booth, a Scandinavian word, used, it appears, in East Lancashire to denote outlying tracts of land where cattle were bred and kept-the vaccaria of Lancashire Court Rolls. The Higher Booths and Lower Booths, near Burnley, were vaccaria in the forest of Rossendale; and the word occurs as the first part of two other Lancashire names, as well as being a subsidiary to others. One of the most difficult names owing to the wide divergence of the variants found within a few years in the thirteenth century-is once Silverdale, of which the earliest form is Siverdelege. Mr. Sephton believes that this form became Silverdale through the loss of the g, and that the forms Selredal and Sellerdal are derived from a different original form, and refer to a different place. The loss of stress accounts for many anomalies. The chief example of this occurring here is the terminal -eth or -et, to which Mr. Sephton gives a section apart, though under this attenuated disguise several words-heath, with, worth, &c. are to be found lurking. Under Eye we find Weakey, which, if Mr. Sephton is correct in considering it as merely the dative singular of wic, seems hardly in its right place; and a similar remark might be made as to Cottam and Downham. One of the quaintest names here recorded is Caponwray or Capernwray-from vrá, rá, Old Norse for corner or nook, and a personal name connected with Kaupmathr, a travelling merchant. The place-names of one theme are perhaps even more interesting than the rest, but we have left ourselves space for no more than the mention of an ingenious explanation suggested by a passage in Du Cange. The name to be explained is the odd one Cabus, which occurs in the early forms Cayballes (1328) and Caboos (1550), and in the seventeenth century as the Cabus, Caybus, Cabus, and Cabess. Du Cange has a Latin word cabasius (from Old French cabas, a wicker pannier), which he explains as "Locus, ut videtur, in fluvio cabassiis seu nassis coarctatus piscium capiendorum gratia." Does this extract, asks our author, throw light on the origin of the placename? Cabus is on the right bank of the Wyre, and it should seem possible to discover whether fishing of this sort was ever practised in that stream. Folk-Lore. Vol. XXIV. No. 1. (Nutt.) THIS part contains the address of the President, Mr. W. Crooke, in which he stated with satisfaction that during the meeting of the British Association at Dundee last year the Society "succeeded in re-establishing, after some years of neglect, the study of folk-lore as a branch of the work of the Anthropological Section," and mentioned that "in the immediate future our energies will be concentrated on the new edition of Brand's Observations on Popular Antiquities,' which will classify much information at present inaccessible, and will form an encyclopædia of British folklore." Capt. T. W. Whiffen contributes A Short Account of the Indians of the Issá-Japurá District (South America).' These Indians have many stories of a great flood, inundations being frequent in their country, where a great one probably occurs two or three times in a century. The wild solitudes are inhabited by groups of Indians, as to whose origin and racial classification There are nine lanopinions are greatly divided. guage-groups in the country. Capt. Whiffen was continually struck by the prevalence of Mongolian traits, especially the obliquity of the eye, most noticeable in the Boro, but more or less common to all the groups. Tempting parallels of custom and belief can be drawn, too, with the peoples of similar cultures to be found among the pagan races of Malaya and New Guinea." Under Collectanea' are some further notes on Spanish amulets, by Dr. Hildburgh. Angelina Parker writes on 'Oxfordshire Village FolkLore (1840-1900),' and E. Canziani on 'Piedmontese Proverbs in Dispraise of Woman." Mr. T. J. Westropp continues his 'Folk-Lore Survey of County Clare.' As As Among Welsh folk-lore contributed by the late Mrs. E. J. Dunnill, there is a record of a wedding which took place in 1909, the bridegroom being a doctor living a few miles from Newport. the family was much respected, they roped the bride.' Ön enquiring she found that, as the bride and bridegroom were leaving the church, young men held up a rope and prevented the bride from getting away until money was given them. the rope had been dropped in the muddy road, the result on the bride's white satin dress may be imagined. I am told that the bride is roped sometimes in Newport." In The Daily Chronicle of August 30th it is stated that the Welsh custom of roping the road to levy toll on the bride and bridegroom had resulted in a charge of road obstruction being brought against three men at Bargoed. Wire had, on the previous day, been fixed to a lamppost, and held by the defendants on the other side of the road. It was agreed that roping the road was an old custom, but fines were imposed, so it seems probable that this long-established practice will soon be a thing of the past. A curious Christmas observance called "Plygain" (meaning "Very early in the morning") was customary among the Independents and Methodists, who on Christmas morning would go at 5 o'clock to their chapels, where tall brass. candlesticks, which had been decorated by the women, were placed on the Communion table and lighted, after which the service was held. Mr. Henry B. Wheatley in his report for the Brand Committee states that the progress made with the new edition "is mainly due to Mrs.. Banks's energy and ability." A Few of the Famous Inns of Bath. By J. F.. Meehan. (Bath, B. & J. F. Meehan.) 66 now WHAT Mr. Meehan does not know about Bath is not worth the knowing, and here, in the space of forty pages of bright gossip, we seem to be paying visits with Dr. Johnson to "The Pelican," The Three Cups," and with Dickens to "The one of the most picturesque old Saracen's Head,' inns of the city. Unfortunately, we cannot join Mr. Pickwick in a visit to " The Old White Hart," whither he went to console himself after the, to him, unfortunate result of the action brought against him by Mrs. Bardell, as the house was demolished in 1867. At the time of his stay in Bath a Mr. Moses Pickwick, one of the most popular and wealthy coach proprietors of the day, was an occupant of "The White Hart," and his descendants still live in the neighbourhood. The illustrations include Reynolds's portrait of Johnson, and views of "The Pelican," "TheOld White Hart," and the Assembly Rooms. The Imprint for August opens with notes bysome Liturgical Mr. Stanley A. Morison On Books,' illustrated by facsimiles of a portion of a page of the Psalter printed by Fust & Schöffer, 1457; Sarum Breviary, Thielmann Kerver, Paris, 1515; Sarum Missal, François Regnault, Paris, 1529; and others. Mr. Harold Monro writes on. |