but, having become Director of the New York School of Philanthropy and Professor of Social Legislation at Columbia University, it was impossible for him longer to bear the burdens of this office. At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, April 22d, Dr. Lindsay's resignation was accepted and he was elected Vice-Chairman of the Committee. Mr. Lovejoy was appointed Acting Secretary.

The increased correspondence due to the plan of a popular associate membership has necessitated the enlargement of the office staff. Our files now show a correspondence list of over 20,000 names.

The material and facts regarding child labor collected by the Committee during the three years of its work have been placed at the disposal of the United States Commissioner of Labor and his special agents for aid in their investigation of the conditions of child labor, authorized by Congress at its last session.

In consultation with the Chairman of the Committee, the need was discussed for a thorough compilation of the official and scientific literature on child labor in European countries. Through the kindness of Dr. Isaac Adler such a compilation is to be made for this Committee by a well-qualified physician whom he will select for the work.

The Finance Committee, May 27th, made a careful review of the financial situation and directed that especial attention be given to securing additional contributions. Through efforts continued during the summer, new names were added to the membership list, especially in the class of sustaining members, and these, together with other contributors, have enabled the Committee to close the year with the credit balance shown in the Treasurer's report.

OWEN R. LOVEJOY,
Acting Secretary.

New York, October 1, 1907.

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE

The first annual meeting of this Committee was held in New York City, February 14th to 16th, 1905. The second annual meeting was held in Washington, December 8th to 10th, 1905, with supplementary sessions, one in Philadelphia on December 7th, and one in Chicago on December 16th. The third annual meeting was held in Cincinnati, December 13th to 15th, 1906.

At the fourth annual meeting, held in Atlanta, Ga., April 2, 3, 4 and 5, 1908, the following program was carried out:

GENERAL TOPIC OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING: CHILD LABOR AND SOCIAL PROGRESS.

I. Thursday Evening, April 2: Reception and Banquet.-Piedmont Hotel. Toastmaster, General Clifford L. Anderson, Chairman of the Georgia Child Labor Committee.

"The National Child Labor Committee," Dr. Felix Adler, Chairman National Child Labor Committee, and Leader of the Society for Ethical Culture, New York.

"What Atlanta is Doing for the Children," His Honor Mayor W. R. Joyner.

"The Business World and Child Labor," Asa G. Candler, President of the Chamber of Commerce.

"Paternalism or Fraternalism," Hon. Hooper Alexander.

"The Work of the Women's Clubs." Mrs. Hamilton Douglas.
"Organized Labor and Child Labor," Charles Bernhardt.

II. Friday Morning, April 3, 10.30 o'clock.-Piedmont Hotel.
Conference. Reports of State and Local Committees.

Presiding Officer, Dr. Samuel McCune Lindsay, Vice-Chairman, National Child Labor Committee.

I. Symposium.

2.

"WHAT IS A GOOD CHILD LABOR LAW?”

Five-minute addresses covering questions of age limit and other standards; who should issue employment certificates; the English education test, with a comparison of child labor laws in other countries, etc.

"Child Labor in New England,” Everett W. Lord, Secretary for New England, National Child Labor Committee.

3. "Report on Southern Textile Conference," A. J. McKelway.

4. "Children on the Streets of Cincinnati," E. N. Clopper, Secretary for Ohio Valley States, National Child Labor Committee.

III. Friday Afternoon, 2.30 o'clock.-Piedmont Hotel.

"CHILD LABOR AND EDUCATION."

Presiding Officer, Dr. A. J. McKelway.

I. "Compulsory Education in the South," George F. Milton, editor The Sentinel, Knoxville, Tenn.

2.

"The Education of Mill Children in the South," Rev. Alfred E. Seddon, Atlanta, Ga.

3. "The Function of Education in Abolishing Child Labor," Owen R. Lovejoy, General Secretary, National Child Labor Committee.

4. "Compulsory Education, the Solution of the Child Labor Problem," Lewis W. Parker, Greenville, S. C.

5. "Scholarships for Working Children," Fred S. Hall, Secretary, Philadelphia Child Labor Committee."

"This article will be published later, as a separate pamphlet, by the National Child Labor Committee.

I.

IV. Friday Evening, April 3, 8 o'clock.-Grand Opera House.

"EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR ON SOCIETY."

Presiding Officer, Dr. Felix Adler.

"The Basis of the Anti-Child Labor Movement in the Idea of American Civilization," Dr. Felix Adler.

2. "Social Cost of Accident, Ignorance and Exhaustion," Prof. Charles R. Henderson, University of Chicago.

3. "The Leadership of the Child," Dr. A. J. McKelway, Atlanta.

V. Saturday Morning, April 4, 10.30 o'clock.-Piedmont Hotel. Conference-Business Session. Reports of State and Local Committees. Presiding Officer, Edward W. Frost, Milwaukee, Wis.

I.

A SYMPOSIUM ON FACTORY INSPECTION.

"Essentials in Factory Inspection," Hon. John H. Morgan, Chief Inspector of Workshops and Factories, Ohio.

2. "Why the Children are in the Factory," Miss Jean M. Gordon, Factory Inspector, Louisiana.

Special Topics for Discussion.

I.

"The Need of More Authority for Factory Inspectors." 2. "Duty of the Private Citizen to Aid in Law Enforcement." 3. "Co-operation with School Officials."

VI. Saturday Afternoon, 5.30-7.00 o'clock.--Governor's Mansion. Reception by His Excellency, Governor Hoke Smith and Mrs. Smith.

I.

VII. Saturday Evening, 8 o'clock.-Grand Opera House.
"CHILD LABOR AND THE STATE."

Presiding Officer, Dr. Felix Adler.

"The Consumers' Responsibility for Child Labor," Mrs. Florence Kelley, Secretary, National Consumers' League.

2. "The New View of the Child," Edward T. Devine, Ph.D., Secretary, Charity Organization Society, and Professor of Social Economy, Columbia University, New York City.

3.

4.

"The Club Woman and Child Labor," Mrs. A. O. Granger, Cartersville, Ga., of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. "The Scope of National and State Regulation of Child Labor." Samuel McCune Lindsay, Ph.D., Director, New York School of Philanthropy, and Professor of Social Legislation, Columbia University, New York.

VIII. Sunday Afternoon, 3.00 o'clock.-Mass Meeting, Grand Opera House. "THE ETHICAL AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF CHILD LABOR."

Presiding Officer, Chancellor James H. Kirkland, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.

"This article will be published later as a separate pamphlet by the National Child Labor Committee.

I.

2.

"The Duty of the People in Child Protection," Hon. Hoke Smith, Governor of Georgia.

"The State of Oklahoma and Her Children," Miss Kate Barnard, State Commissioner of Charities, Guthrie, Okla.

3. "The Psychology of the Child," Rev. J. W. Stagg, D.D., Pastor, First Presbyterian Church, Birmingham, Ala.'

ATLANTA COMMITTEES ON FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING.

Committee on Entertainment.-General Clifford L. Anderson, Chairman, Hon. Hooper Alexander, Hon. W. A. Covington, Don Marquis, Ex-Gov. Allen D. Candler, Burton Smith, Councilman Wright, Mayor Pro Tem. Quillian, Alderman Key, Councilman Harmon, Councilman Alonzo Johnson, Hon. C. M. Candler, Rev. W. W. Landrum, Charles D. McKinney, Rev. T. H. Rice, R. J. Guin, Asa Candler, H. H. Whitcomb, V. G. Kriegshaber, Rev. C. B. Wilmer, A. J. McKelway.

Finance Committee-Clifford L. Anderson, Asa G. Candler, H. H. Whitcomb, A. J. McKelway, Sam D. Jones, James R. Gray, F. L. Seely, Clark Howell, Robert F. Maddox, Dr. David Marx, F. J. Paxon, Joseph Hirsch.

The first session of the annual meeting was a reception and banquet given by the Georgia Child Labor Committee to the members and guests of the National Child Labor Committee at the Piedmont Hotel. General Clifford L. Anderson, Chairman of the Georgia Child Labor Committee, presided, and gave a welcome to the city and an endorsement of the work in which this Committee is engaged. In the course of his remarks, he declared that the progress of mankind is coincident with mental development, and the capacity of adult man for successful achievement is measured by the opportunities of his youth. Nine-tenths of human achievement, he believed, is attributable directly to selfish impulses, guided by independence of thought and action. Nevertheless, it did no violence to this faith to advocate an appeal to law to improve the standard of physical and mental equipment for the struggle with life. "No child is expected to determine for himself the wisest course to pursue in fitting himself for his future life. It must be determined for him, either by his parent or by his state, and since his state is compelled under our form of government to do what a majority of its people wills, it is in no sense contrary to the principles upon which our government is founded, that we adopt laws which prohibit those things which will degrade our citizenship or deprave our citizens, or which compel them to comply with reasonable regulations for sanitation, or for labor, or for other things contributing to their material and moral up-lifting. Therefore, I have no patience with those persons who, actuated by sordid motives, seek to belittle the efforts of those who have devoted themselves to this great work, and to classify them either as meddlers or advocates of paternalism.

"These eminent men and women, then, who have gathered together in our city for this occasion, command and deserve our respect and the gratitude of the nation; and Atlanta, with its liberal and ever-hospitable people,

"Paper not published owing to failure in securing stenographic report.

appreciating as she does, her selection as the place for the fourth annual meeting of the National Child Labor Committee, extends to you, guests of the evening, whom we delight to honor, a most cordial welcome.

"I now have the honor to present to you His Honor, W. R. Joyner, Mayor of Atlanta."

Mayor Joyner described briefly what Atlanta is doing for the children in the development of the probation system, the juvenile court and the improvement of the conditions of working children. He referred to a resolution recently passed by the General Council of Atlanta providing for the appointment of a committee to investigate the conditions in places where women and girls are employed. "I was very fortunate in securing ladies to serve on this committee who are much interested in this work and the result of their investigation will be watched for with interest. This committee has full power to make a complete investigation of the factories, mills, department stores and other places where women and girls are employed, and I am confident of their ultimate success in the correction of any evils that may be found to exist. I am informed that this is one of the first instances where a city government has taken a hand in such matters, welfare work of this kind usually coming through organizations of citizens.

"In regard to the mill children of Atlanta, it gives me pleasure to state than for ten years this city has contributed to their improvement. This has been done through the Atlanta Free Kindergarten Association, where the little children of the women who work in the mills are given free instruction through the Sheltering Arms, which maintains a free day nursery and does similar work in the mill districts, through the Home for the Friendless and through a corps of nine splendid physicians especially charged with the duty of waiting upon the poor of the city free of charge.

"It may be of interest to you to know that, although Atlanta's income is about two and one-half million dollars per annum, more than eighty thousand of this amount is expended annually for the relief of the poor and in maintaining non-sectarian institutions of various kinds, which have special charge of the work that is being fostered through the endeavors of such organizations as that to which you belong.

"I believe the work you are doing is of the utmost importance at this time. Certainly no efforts can deserve a greater reward than those which seek to remove the obstacles from the paths where little children walk, and which seek to make their lives sweeter and better and more joyful, and which give them the best opportunities to develop into the strong manhood and womanhood we all admire and which we all are, or ought to be, striving for."

Hon. Asa G. Candler, President of the Chamber of Commerce, discussed the relation of the business world to child labor. With subtle humor he defended child labor and the function of the National Child Labor Committee. He said: "Child labor properly conducted, properly surrounded, properly conditioned, is calculated to bring the highest measure of success to any country on the face of the earth. The most beautiful sight that we see is the child at labor; as early as he may get at labor, the more beautiful, the more useful does his life get to be.