Among the New York and New England people in Nauvoo at that time, the records show members of the following noted families: Hancock, Whitney, Pratt, Sherman, Grant, Putnam, Cutler, Johnson, Butterfield, Lyon, Aldrich, Colby, Cole, Cook, Whiteside, Bond, Salisbury, Yale, Gates, Rolfe, Perry, Cleveland, VanBuren, Booth, Green, etc., all abolitionists, and descendants of Puritans, Covenanters and Revolutionary patriots, and many of them direct descendants of British nobility.

Clark E. Carr tells us in "The Illini"" that ninety per cent of the people of Illinois at that period were of southern origin and southern sympathizers. That abolitionists were not tolerated in the State outside of Galesburg, Princeton, Chicago, and a few other places. Elijah P. Lovejoy, the New England abolitionist, was killed by a pro-slavery mob at Alton, Illinois, seven years before Joseph Smith was killed at Nauvoo by a similar mob, and Carr tells us in "The Illini" that Owen Lovejoy in preaching against slavery in Princeton, Illinois, was in danger of assassination. Colonel Carr further states that the eastern abolitionists, although men of education and refinement, were regarded by the large majority of Illinois people with dread and suspicion and as unpopular and dangerous fanatics, potential murderers and thieves, to be derided and scoffed at, shunned and despised as social and political outcasts. I think that it was from this feeling of antagonism so graphically described by Mr. Carr that the terrible "Mormon" stories originated, some of which are still circulated, and extracts of which still crop out in Carthage commencement essays, written by descendants of the old pro-slavery families who have no idea of the real cause of the enmity between their southern-born ancestors and the New England born "Mormons."

Senator Berry in his above quoted lecture before our State Historical Society, says that while their preaching against other denominations had much to do with their expulsion from Ohio that he reached the conclusion after careful examination, "that it was not religious controversies that led to the 4-Carr's The Illini, pages 422-3, third edition, 1904.

Mormon trouble in Hancock County, but that it was purely political."

The Latter Day Saints vastly outvoted the southern settlers in Hancock County, who of course bitterly resented abolitionist domination. We read on page 313 of "The Illini,"" referring to conditions before the Civil War: "Do not make a mistake. The sympathies of most of the Illinois people are with the South and right here in Illinois they will fight for the South; if there is to be war it will begin in the counties running east, beginning with Hancock on the Mississippi." It was very evident the old settlers in Hancock County and the Mormons could not get along together and of course many false accusations were made, almost every crime committed in the county was attributed to the Mormons, and while some criminals may have sought refuge in Nauvoo, the great mass of testimony from old-time lawyers, business men, and farmers of Hancock County, prove that the Latter Day Saints were law-abiding people and good, sober citizens.

One respected old settler near Fountain Green made affidavit that bogus cattle raids were enacted in that vicinity and used by those in the plot to convince the neighbors that the "Mormons" were trying to steal their cattle.

Joseph Smith was several times arrested and tried outside of Nauvoo and found not guilty. At one time he was arraigned at Quincy before Judge Stephen A. Douglas, the "Little Giant," charged with treason to the State of Missouri and defended by O. H. Browning, afterwards United States Senator. Judge Douglas declared him innocent and set him free.

All reliable evidence shows that Joseph Smith had nothing to do with polygamy, which was afterwards started by Brigham Young in Utah. Hon. Clark E. Carr in "My Day and Generation," pages 33-34, edition 1902, tells of Governor Yates accusing Brigham Young to his face of starting polygamy.

5-Carr's The Illini, third edition, 1904.

6-See Lutheran Woman's Work, July 1913; Address of Senator O. F. Berry on above, etc.

The Latter Day Saints who remained in Hancock County reorganized the church with the prophet's son Joseph at their head, and used every means at their command to help the government stamp out polygamy. They are today a law-abiding and respected people, using the Bible and the Book of Mormon as their text-books. The Book of Mormon positively forbids polygamy.

Five hundred of the "Mormons" enlisted in one United States regiment for the Mexican War in 1846. Many of those in the Reorganized Church were Union soldiers in the Civil War, including the prophet's brother, W. B. Smith, and two of his nephews, D. C. S. Millikin of the 118th Illinois, and D. C. Salisbury, father of the author of this article, who served three years in the 16th Illinois, as corporal, Company C, and captured a Confederate flag at Utica, Missouri, from those same people who maltreated his parents in the thirties, which flag can be seen in the Capitol at Springfield today, bearing his name. The prophet's grandson, Joseph G. Smith, is a Spanish War veteran, and the prophet's grandson, Prof. Fred M. Smith, of Independence, Mo., graduate of the University of Iowa, post-graduate of Clark University, etc., now president of the Reorganized Church, is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. They are surely patriotic.

Hon. George Edmunds, aged lawyer of Carthage, now deceased, said to Senator Berry (page 97 of above quoted lecture): "I can say of the Mormon population, so far as I knew them, that I think I never knew so industrious, frugal and virtuous a set of people as they were.'

Senator Berry says (page 92, 93 of his lecture before the State Historical Society: "The reason I have here stated that I did not believe that Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith taught polygamy is, that more of the immediate family live here, possibly, than in any other locality. Several of their sisters live here and a large number of their nephews. The followers of Brigham Young have frequently come here to interview them on this subject and have repeatedly been told that Joseph did not so teach. I have been unable to find any person who ever heard either of them so teach and the further fact re

mains that his son and legal successor does not teach this doctrine. The Reorganized Church, of which he claims to be the spiritual successor, and who has been determined by the courts to be the legal successor of Joseph Smith, the prophet, does not so teach, and they are as bitter in their denunciation of polygamy as any other denomination."

"There are in this county quite a large number of members of the Reorganized Church, and as citizens of the community they stand very high. There resided in this county, until her death, Catherine Smith Salisbury, sister of the prophet. The writer knew her personally, has been in her house many times and has grown up from boyhood days with her sons and grandsons, and the world would be wonderfully well off if all women were as good as Catherine Smith Salisbury."

The foregoing, together with a large mass of other evidence which THE JOURNAL cannot give space for me to introduce, has convinced the author that the irreconcilable political differences that existed between the Southerners and the New Englanders prior to the Civil War, and which caused the Civil War, also caused the Mormon War, in Hancock County. Hancock County is rich in descendants of old colonial families, and today the descendants of the colonial families of New England who came here as "Mormons," fraternize on equal terms with the Hancock County descendants of the First Families of Virginia, intermarry with them and count them as their dearest friends. The war is over!

Soldiers of the American Revolution Buried in

Illinois

RESEARCH MADE BY MRS. E. S. WALKER.

ST. CLAIR COUNTY.

When Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818, nine-tenths of the population was south of the geographical center, and the entire State north of where Shelbyville now is, was almost a wilderness, there being few settlements.

To Randolph and St. Clair counties belong the honor of the earliest settlements, and in these two counties are a larger number of Revolutionary soldiers buried than in any counties of the State.

Eleazer Allen was a native of Connecticut, born in 1755. He enlisted May 1, 1775 for eight months with Capt. James Chapman; again Jan. 1, 1776, for one year under the same captain, and with Col. Samuel Parsons in what was known as "Parson's Continentals." He was in the battles of New York, King's Bridge, and White Plains.

He early came to Illinois, settling in St. Clair County, where he applied for a pension. He died in 1828 and is buried in Shiloh Precinct.

Nathaniel Bell was born March 15, 1755, in Warren County, North Carolina. He enlisted in Anson County, April 1, 1776, serving fourteen months under Capt. Thomas Potts, Col. Isaac Huger, South Carolina troops; he enlisted again September, 1781, for two months with Capt. Harris, Col. William Loften, North Carolina troops. He came to Illinois, settling in St. Clair County, where he died January 17, 1835.

Thomas Brady was a resident of Cahokia before the Revolution. Learning of the struggle of the colonies, he raised a