Total........

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

In the carrying of the above values, or the merchandise represented by them, Spanish and foreign bottoms have compared as follows:

SOUTHERN AND WESTERN ROUTES FOR PRODUCTS TO NEW YORK.

A late number of the Cincinnati Price Current contains a long letter from Messrs. J. S. Chenoweth & Co., merchants of that city, urging the superior cheapness of the northern route to shippers of Western produce. We make the following extract:

The advantages of the northern route to New York over that by New Orleans, are vastly superior. By the northern route, tobacco is delivered in New York in from thirty to thirty-five days, in as good order and condition as when shipped. It is delivered dry and free from sweat, and opens a hundred per cent better than that shipped by New Orleans, which requires double the time to arrive in New York. Tobacco shipped by New Orleans is nearly always injured to some extent from the sweat caused by heating in the hold of the vessel, which uniformly happens from the great heat of the weather in that latitude at this season of the year. We subjoin the cost of transportation on a single hhd. by each route, say by Louisville:

Showing a difference in favor of the Lake route, of $4 50. We are now shipping tobacco to New York at 50 cents per 100-thirty days.

IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MERCHANDISE FROM 1820 TO 1851.

STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE ANNUAL AMOUNT OF MERCHANDISE-EXCLUSIVE OF SPECIEIMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION, AND THE AMOUNT OF DOMESTIC EXPORTS-EXCLUSIVE OF SPECIE FROM 1ST OCTOBER, 1820, тo 30TH JUNE, 1851—AND SHOWING, ALSO, THE

AVERAGE AMOUNT EVERY FIVE YEARS.

Foreign merchandise imported.

Average amount
every
five years.

49,874,079

COMMERCE OF NEW SOUTH WALES IN 1849 AND 1850.

From a statement of the imports and exports from Sydney and Port Philip, it ap pears that in 1850, the value of the imports to Sydney were £1,333,413; and to Port Philip, £744,295; making a total of £2,078,338. The exports from Sydney were £1,357,784; and from Port Philip, £1,041,796; being a total of £2,399,580, or an excess of exports over imports of £321,242. In 1849 the imports in gross amounted to £1,793,420; and in 1850 to £2,078,338, showing an increase last year of £284,918. The exports in 1849 were £1,891,270; in 1850, £2,399,580; showing an increase last year of 508,310. In 1850, the amount of wool exported from Sydney was 14,270,622

lbs., the declared official value of which was stated at £788,051; and from Port Philip, 18,091,207 lbs.; of the value of £826,190, making a total of 23,361,829 lbs., valued at £1,614,241. In 1849, the wool exported from both districts was 27,968,530 lbs., valued at £1,238,559, showing that in 1850 an increase had taken place in the quantity of wool exported of 4,398,298 lbs., valued at £375,682. Last year the quantity of tallow exported from Sydney was 128,090 cwts., valued at £167,858; and from Port Philip, 89,788 cwts., valued at £132,063, making a total quantity of 217,878 cwts., valued at £300,721. In 1849, the quantity of tallow exported from both districts was 154,103 cwts., valued at £249,932; so that during the last year there has been an increase in the quantity of tallow exported of 63,775 cwts., of the value of £50,789.

IMPORT AND EXPORT OF SPECIE FROM 1820 TO 1851.

STATEMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF SPECIE IMPORTED AND EXPORTED ANNUALLY, FROM 1ST OCTOBER, 1820, то 30TH JUNE, 1851-AND SHOWING, ALSO, THE AVERAGE AMOUNT EVERY FIVE YEARS DURING THAT PERIOD.

THE EFFECT OF THE PRICE OF WHEAT ON CRIME.

The London Economist illustrates the relative effects of plenty and scarcity on criminal offences in England after this manner :

"To the great mass of our population, notwithstanding all the efforts of the 'best possible public instructors,' the connection between the number of commitments for crime and the price of wheat, is still not more intelligible than the old puzzle for regulating the value of a horse by the number of nails with which he was shod. And indeed the results seem at first sight as astounding as, upon close investigation, they are obvious and irrefragible. We have now before us the tables recently laid before Parliament, showing the number of criminal offenders in England and Wales during the past year; from which we find that the number of persons committed for trial during 1850 was three per cent under the average of the last ten years; the total number during each year of that period being as follows;

Throughout the greater part of 1842, when, as will be seen, the commitments were at the highest, in consequence of the defective harvest of the previous year, corn was comparatively dear, having risen above 738. a quarter; and to the influence of this scarcity may be traced the increased criminality of that year. With the full crops of 1842, 1843, and 1844, and the commencement of fiscal reforms, cheapness and plenty tended to diminish the amount of crime. In 1845, the prospect of corn-law repeal and the previous good harvests kept down prices, and the averages during those four years were:

1842 1843

PRICE OF WHEAT PER QUARTER.

57s. 8d. 1844.....

50s. 1d. 1845..

51s. 3d.

50s. 10d.

The consequence (says the Economist,) of the low prices in the last two years, and of the stimulus given to industry by Sir R. Peel's removal of restrictions, with a great access of employment, was to reduce the number of commitments, and in 1845 they had fallen to 24,303 from 31,309 in 1842. The different effects of plenty and scarcity were never more plainly manifested on the morality of the people. The sudden collapse of railway speculation and the disastrous commercial failures of 1847 were not without their influence, and in 1848 the commitments again amounted to 30,349. Since then, with comparatively free and settled and regular trade, the commitments have steadily decreased, and were only 26,813 in 1850. If they were above the number of that very active and enterprising year, 1845, they were lower than in six other years of the series since 1841. Taking into account the increase of population in the interval, the number of commitments in 1850 is a decided testimony to the advantages of free-trade in promoting the morality of the community.

THE COTTON AND AMERICAN TRADES.

Some very interesting facts connected with the cotton trade of the United Kingdom, and our trade with the United States, are contained in a Parliamentary paper recently issued. The first table shows that, in 1848, the whole quantity of cotton imported was 713,020,161 lbs., of which 600,247,488 lbs. was from the United States, and 112,772,673 lbs. from all other parts. In 1849 the total import was 755,469,012 lbs., of which 634,504,050 lbs. was from the United States, and 120,964,962 lbs. from all other parts. In 1850 the total amount imported was 663,576,861 lbs. of which 493,153,112 lbs. was from the United States, and 170,423,749 from other parts. The quantity imported from the British possessions in the East Indies was, in 1848, 84,101,961 lbs.; in the following year it fell to 70,838,515 lbs.; and in 1850 it rose to 118,872,742 lbs., or nearly one quarter of the amount imported from the United States. The British West Indies and British Guiana furnished us, in 1848, with 640,437 lbs.; in 1849, with 944,307 lbs.; and in 1850 with only 228,913 lbs. The whole return shows the important fact, that our dependence upon America for this most valuable staple has been

considerably diminished in the last two years; but whether this diminution will continue under a lower range of prices than those of 1850, remains to be seen. Another table in the return shows that the declared value of the cotton manufactures of all kinds exported in 1848 was £22,681,200; in 1849, £26,770,135; and in 1850, £28,257,461, or about forty per cent of our whole exports. The declared value of the cotton manufactures exported to the United States was, in 1848, £1,713,024; in 1849, £2,055,286; and in 1850, £2,504,280. Another table exhibits the whole trade of this country with the United States. It appears that in 1848, the declared value of the entire exports was £9,561,909; in 1849, £11,971,028; and in 1850, £14,891,961, or nearly one-fifth of the declared value of our exports to all parts of the world. The offici.. value of our imports from the United States amounted in 1848, to £23,916,844; and in 1849 to £26,554,941. Great Britain and the United States therefore interchange in a year produce worth above £40,000,000.—Liverpool Times.

THE AMERICAN COASTING TRADE.

W. S. Lindsay, in a letter, recently published in the London Times on the subject of the British mercantile marine, says :

"Call upon America to fulfil her pledge and give what we give;' and thus, let the British ship-owners test their skill, industry, and perseverance in the valuable coasting trade of the New World. America will, even then, be still very deeply in our debt, as unfortunately, she has no colonial trade to grant in return for the vast possessions we have thrown open to her; and of which she is at present reaping a rich harvest, as our Customs' entries daily prove. It is, however, a question with me whether America will now give us what we give; but our Government may as well make a virtue of necessity, and try them. The sooner the better, as at this moment a very great number of our ship-owners who cannot find remunerative employment for their vessels, will at least make a trial of the trade between the Northern and Southern States; and more particularly the rapidly increasing trade between New York and California. They may be enabled then, to make 30s. per ton freight on teas and silk, from Canton to London, combined with the outward freight, leave a margin of profit, and which I need not assure you, sir, they cannot do now. If America do not fulfill her promise, it would then become a serious question--though desirable to avoid retaliative measures-whether our Government ought not, under such circumstances, to pass the order in council against that nation. While we grant freedom to others, we must have freedom ourselves to whatever extent those others can grant it, or we play both a simple and a dangerous game."

STATISTICS OF BREWERS AND VICTUALERS IN ENGLAND.

From a return printed by order of the House of Commons, it appears that in England the number of brewers is 2,281, and of victualers, 59,676; 35,808 persons are licensed to sell beer to be drunk on the premises, and 3,350 are licensed to sell beer not to be drunk on the premises; 25,851 victualers brew their own beer; 12,497 who brew their own beer are licensed to sell it if drunk on the premises; and 951 persons are allowed to sell beer not to be drunk on the premises. The amount of malt consumed by each class is, in bushels, as follows:-Brewers, 17,800,683; victualers, 7,154,519; persons licensed to sell beer to be drunk on the premises, 2,884,249; and persons licensed to sell beer not to be drunk on the premises, 341,878. In Scotland there are 151 brewers, and 14,971 victualers, 178 of whom brew their own beer. The brewers consume 831,981 bushels of malt, and the victualers consume 118,024 bushels. There are 95 brewers in Ireland, who consume 1,164,702 bushels of malt, and there are 18,793 victualers.

THE BOOK TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.

According to an estimate in The Book Trade, an excellent literary journal published monthly in this city, by H. Wilson, the number of volumes issued in the United States, from the 1st of July, 1850, to the same date in 1851, was 1,298. The number of pages in these volumes amounts to 213,049. The distinct works composing the volumes are 1,176. Of these volumes 817 were published in New York, 223 in Philadelphia, and 203 in Boston. The department of fiction, including every class of novels and tales in prose, comprises 249 distinct works. Of juvenile publications, there are 52;