Mr. WRIGHT. There was one person.

Senator KENNEDY. And where was he arrested, from what State? Mr. WRIGHT. He came to Waterloo from Detroit, Mich.

Senator KENNEDY. Detroit. To your knowledge had he visited Waterloo prior to this occasion?

Mr. WRIGHT. We know about when he came to Waterloo. He came about April 1, so he had been there about 3 months when the disturbance occurred.

Senator KENNEDY. Did he remain in Waterloo after the disturbance?

Mr. WRIGHT. He is in jail right now.

Senator KENNEDY. He has been tried and convicted?

Mr. WRIGHT. No, Senator. His case is pending in our district court. He has been in jail since July 13.

Senator KENNEDY. Did he try to get bail?

Mr. WRIGHT. He was out on bond from another charge that was filed on July 6, an aggravated assault charge which he was arrested for on July 7, and was immediately bonded out. Then on July 13 that bond was withdrawn and he was taken into custody again, and then other charges were filed.

Senator KENNEDY. From your own experience do you feel there was any conspiracy involved in these riots? Do you think there is a national conspiracy from the incidents at Waterloo?

Mr. WRIGHT. No, sir, we have no evidence or information to support that.

Senator KENNEDY. You were able to apprehend the people that you did apprehend under local and State statutes, is that correct?

Mr. WRIGHT. Well, these were all local people with this one exception, and charges were either under city ordinance or State law; yes. Senator KENNEDY. Was there anyone that you wanted to arrest that you were unable to arrest because you did not have a local ordinance or State law?

Mr. WRIGHT. Yes, sir. This individual from Detroit.

Senator KENNEDY. Was he involved? If he was inciting to violence or he was disturbing the peace you have got a local ordinance for that, you would be able to arrest him under your local ordinance.

The CHAIRMAN. What is there about this person from Detroit? Explain.

Mr. WRIGHT. Pardon me?

The CHAIRMAN. Explain about the person from Detroit.

Mr. WRIGHT. According to all the information that our officers could report, that is contained in the report, Green has associated himself, or this man from Detroit had associated himself particularly close with a couple of local characters, thugs if I might use the term, who according to all the information that we could obtain were agitating and were exerting influence leadership on an element of young hoodlums in Waterloo, and wherever any type of incident occurred, whether it was resistance to arrest or where there were groups observed gathering and apparently talking together, this man was there. The CHAIRMAN. What was his name?

Mr. WRIGHT. His name is Roosevelt Robert Green, Jr.

The CHAIRMAN. When did he leave Waterloo?

Mr. WRIGHT. Well, he has been in since about the first of April and has been there since.

The CHAIRMAN. Proceed.

Senator KENNEDY. I think he was responding to a question of mine as to whether Roosevelt could have been arrested under any of the local or State ordinances.

Mr. WRIGHT. Well, I think, Senator, that we had evidence of his agitation before he committed any offenses that we could have charged him with under our State or city laws. Now, he is

Senator KENNEDY. This wouldn't apply then to him. There has to be, the law is quite specific, there has to be a riot, so unless there is a riot, it wouldn't apply, and once there is a riot, I should think your own local or State ordinances would apply as well, would they not? Mr. WRIGHT. Well, then, I have a misunderstanding of H.R. 421. I thought it was designed to prevent a riot.

Senator KENNEDY. Well, I think the hopes of the proponents of it are I suppose that the legislation would be a deterrent to individuals. crossing State lines and to incite riots. The point that I was trying to reach is that it seems to me that you have local ordinances and State laws under which you would be able to apprehend these individuals in any event, so I am just wondering whether there really is a need for such legislation, or whether these local ordinances or the State laws in the State of Iowa are not sufficient to handle even someone coming from Detroit.

Mr. WRIGHT. It is my opinion that there should be some more serious charge that could be placed against an agitator of this type, in addition to what we can file which are only minor charges such as disturbing the public quiet, disorderly conduct, resisting arrest or something like that. We have a charge against this Green for inciting an insurrection which is a section of the State code.

Senator KENNEDY. If you are found guilty of inciting insurrection, what is the penalty, do you know?

Mr. WRIGHT. I think the maximum penalty is 5 years.

Senator KENNEDY. You see that is the same penalty as would be in this legislation, not more than 5 years. I have no further questions, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Chief.

Mr. WRIGHT. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. You have been very helpful.

Commissioner FELICETTA. I understand Senator Thurmond wants to ask you some questions. He is in the next room.

TESTIMONY OF COMMISSIONER FRANK N. FELICETTA, DEPARTMENT OF POLICE, BUFFALO, N.Y.-Resumed

Mr. FELICETTA. Thank you.

Senator THURMOND. Commissioner Felicetta, I believe you testified this morning something concerning VISTA. Just how did you bring VISTA into your testimony?

Mr. FELICETTA. This youngster by the name of Fred Hudson-
Senator THURMOND. Speak as loud as you can.

Mr. FELICETTA. This youngster by the name of Fred Hudson, this 19-year-old youngster, who stated that he was arrested while he was out in the street trying to help those that were giving us this trouble, and that he was a member of VISTA and had been sent in there by the VISTA people.

Senator THURMOND. Were the VISTA people involved in the riot in any way that you know about?

Mr. FELICETTA. I wouldn't say they were involved. I could not put any blame on Vista at all.

Senator THURMOND. Now the Allen Scott column of August 1st, 1967 quoted a statement by Representative Gardner of North Carolina to this effect, that "Investigation by myself" speaking of him, "and a staff member of the Education and Labor Committee uncovered evidence proving conclusively that OEO employees were directly involved in agitation and inflammatory statements which to a great extent sparked the violence, looting, and burning in Buffalo."

Would you care to comment on that?

Mr. FELICETTA. I could never substantiate that statement. Senator THURMOND. This statement was made by Congressman Gardner, I believe. It came out in the Allen Scott column.

Mr. FELICETTA. This is the first time I have heard anything along those lines.

Senator THURMOND. Now, has the city of Buffalo failed to do anything that has promoted these riots, or have they done anything that promoted these riots?

Mr. FELICETTA. No. As I testified here this morning, I always thought that a fine rapport existed between the Negro people of our city and the Buffalo Police Department. As proof of that, our administration, that is the present city administration, saw fit to on the first of January of 1966, to appoint a Negro to head the Buffalo Fire Department, and the mayor has placed able, knowledgeable Negroes to every board in the city structure.

Senator THURMOND. So it was not a failure on the part of the city authorities at Buffalo then that caused these riots?

Mr. FELICETTA. In fact I was very surprised to see that we were faced with this problem. I did not think we were going to have it. Senator THURMOND. I believe you testified this morning that there was very little unemployment in Buffalo, did you not?

Mr. FELICETTA. Anyone that wants to work can find a job, with very very few exceptions. Of course, the youngsters, many of the youngsters that were involved are untrained. They have absolutely no trade, and for them it might create some problems as far as getting employment is concerned.

Senator THURMOND. Does Buffalo have a system of vocational education, training for trades, training for technical education?

Mr. FELICETTA. Yes, they do have a program.

Senator THURMOND. Are these programs available to these young people if they wish to avail themselves of the opportunities?

Mr. FELICETTA. Yes, sir, they are.

Senator THURMOND. Are they encouraged to do that?

Mr. FELICETTA. They are.

Senator THURMOND. So if they do not take this training, then it is because they do not want it, is that it?

Mr. FELICETTA. That is correct.

Senator THURMOND. But the training is available?

Mr. FELICETTA. It is.

Senator THURMOND. And if anyone wants a job, he can get a job? Mr. FELICETTA. That is correct.

Senator THURMOND. Has the city failed in any way in any capacity

that you know about? Are the schools adequate. Are the recreational facilities adequate? Are the opportunities adequate for young people? Mr. FELICETTA. Well, there has been some complaint about the recreation facilities. The city is doing much in that direction, especially during the last year and a half. The cry has been that there is not enough recreation. We hear complaints of inadequate housing that could be true in some respects, but we do have some very fine housing available to Negroes in the city of Buffalo. There are many Negroes that live outside of the core area. They have been accepted in other neighborhoods. In fact, I have them in my own neighborhood.

Senator THURMOND. Do you feel that any failure on the part of the city of Buffalo because of housing or recreation or any other cause prompted these riots?

Mr. FELICETTA. I do not. It is my opinion that the motivation was disorder, as I testified this morning.

Senator THURMOND. In other words, there was nothing the local people could have done that would have prevented the riots or there was nothing they failed to do that would have prevented the riots?

Mr. FELICETTA. I would say that is correct, because our administration has been working along the lines of better recreation facilities, better housing, and making jobs available to these youngsters.

Senator THURMOND. Do you feel that these riots were planned ahead of time as the evidence has shown here they were in some places?

Mr. FELICETTA. I do not. I believe that the first-as I testified this morning, on May the 3d it was sparked at the carnival that was being held by three Muslim leaders.

Senator THURMOND. Do you feel that they may have fanned it ahead of time, or do you have any evidence of that?

Mr. FELICETTA. No evidence to that effect.

Senator THURMOND. In other words, what you saw was about the time it occurred or after it occurred, and you do not have information as to what occurred prior to that?

Mr. FELICETTA. That is correct.

Senator THURMOND. Thank you very much for your appearance here.

Mr. FELICETTA. You are very welcome, sir. Thank you.

Senator HART. Commissioner. Very briefly. I was here this morning during part of your testimony. I made a note I would like to clarify. At one point you described a white convertible with people from Detroit in it. As I recall it, it was in connection with the civil disturbance then current in Buffalo. Were arrests made of the people in that convertible?

Mr. FELICETTA. They were not. We were never able to apprehend them.

Senator HART. What were they doing?

Mr. FELICETTA. This was information that had reached us as to the activity of people driving these cars. They had been seen in the city just prior to some of this problem that we had on the 26th, and as I testified, a few days later one automobile was stopped in East Aurora, which is a suburb of Buffalo, and there were three youngsters in it from Dayton, and the information from Dayton comes to us that these three were agitators and they would foment trouble. They had done it in Dayton, and one of the three had a pretty extensive criminal record.

Senator HART. Getting to the Detroit people again now, is your knowledge simply this, that a car-I take it it was a Michigan license? Mr. FELICETTA. I do not believe it was. I think I testified to a Connecticut license for one.

Senator HART. If there was no apprehension of the people that I am trying to find out about, how is it that you know that they were from Detroit?

Mr. FELICETTA. I do not believe I testified as to anyone being from Detroit.

Senator HART. Well, the record will show, and if my impression is wrong, fine, and if the record does show that you indicated they were from Detroit, it now is apparent that you did not intend to say that. Mr. FELICETTA. That is correct.

Senator HART. Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. We certainly thank you, commissioner.
Mr. FELICETTA. Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. Chief Anthony A. Bosh of Toledo.

Hold up your hand. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth so help you God?

Mr. Bosн. I do.

The CHAIRMAN. Identify yourself for the record.

TESTIMONY OF CHIEF ANTHONY A. BOSH, DEPARTMENT OF
POLICE, TOLEDO, OHIO

Mr. Bosн. Anthony A. Bosh, chief of police, Toledo, Ohio.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you have a prepared statement?

Mr. Bosh. I do not, sir; but I want the committee to know that I have the arrest records of both the adults and the juveniles that we made during our 3 days of riots. I would also like to state that I am wholeheartedly for House bill 421. I would even like to see that bill amended to cover inciting to riot or rioting without involving State lines.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you. We have some amendments that will go very far to what you say. I think there is much logic in what you say.

Mr. Bosн. I would like to make a statement in regard to the records that we have compiled. I know that a lot of us have felt that unemployment was a big factor in these riots, and also recreation. To our surprise in the 126 adult arrests, there were only 12 unemployed persons. Further, in 51 juvenile arrests, we have discovered that this originated, that it was talked about or originated in a recently established recreational center in the core area. We further discovered that a very small minority of the minority group are responsible for these acts. We have had splendid cooperation from both the Negro and the white citizens in giving us information when we were unable to make arrests, and which I feel stopped the riot in a very short time with a very small amount of property damage and looting as compared to other communities. The arrest of four juveniles ranging in age from 14 to 17 also cleared 12 armed robberies, 2 armed robberies, correction, 15 unarmed robberies, two burglaries, 3 lootings, and one shooting which occurred prior to the riot, and I have with me the records, if the committee cares to have them. I had them prepared by my staff,