he suffered from severe anxiety reactions and did not meet minimum standards for enlistment or induction.

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

During the committee's recent hearings, three grand dragons of the United Klans were interrogated regarding questionable financial practices. Each refused to answer the committee's questions on grounds of possible self-incrimination.

During the appearance of the aforementioned Grand Dragon Scoggin of South Carolina on October 28, 1965, the committee introduced evidence that the klan official was receiving a $324 monthly disability compensation from the Veterans Administration. The rate of compensation was based in part upon a finding of "unemployability.“ Scoggin claimed income of only $574 during 1964 due to his inability to work "without the use of canes." The income was derived, according to his sworn statement to the VA, by making and selling potholders and fishing flies and through the purchase and sale of used plumbing. Scoggin had filed no income tax return for 1964.

The committee staff then introduced a communication from the police department in Scoggin's hometown of Spartanburg stating that no one in the law enforcement agency knew of Scoggin "ever using a cane” and no canes were relied on by Scoggin at the time of his arrest in May 1965. No canes were in sight when Scoggin testified in Washington. Other documents made part of the hearing record showed that more than $15,000 had been deposited into Scoggin's two personal bank accounts during the year 1964 when his alleged self-employment income was only a few hundred dollars. It was also established that Scoggin was in fact self-employed as a plumbing and electrical contractor. A grand dragon, furthermore, customarily receives a portion of the dues and initiation fees collected by klaverns in his State. Canceled checks introduced at the committee hearings showed that klavern payments which included payments of a national klan tax had been cashed by Scoggin at a gas station, restaurant, grocery and other Spartanburg stores. Scoggin did not report this type of income to the Veterans' Administration.

Following Scoggin's appearance before the committee, the Veterans' Administration reduced the grand dragon's compensation rate to the amount payable to an "employable" disabled veteran.

The United Klans grand dragon for Mississippi, E. L. McDaniel, had repeated financial difficulties prior to his full-time employment as a State klan leader. McDaniel, who appeared as a witness before the committee on February 3, 1966, was fired by a Natchez, Miss., manfacturing company in 1959 on the technical charge of abusing plant rules and regulations. Actually, he was charged with stealing money from the coin container of an automatic milk dispensing machine. In 1961, while employed by a steel plant in California, McDaniel filed a voluntary petition in bankruptcy and was discharged as bankrupt. Among his unpaid debtors were a finance company, a department store and an auto dealer. McDaniel's entrance into the United Klans was also reportedly motivated by financial difficulties. During 1964, McDaniel had served as a province investigator for the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The committee has been informed that White Knights Imperial Wizard Sam Bowers was

determined to put an end to what he considered abnormally high expense accounts submitted by McDaniel in connection with klan work. The disagreement between Bowers and McDaniel over expenses allegedly propelled McDaniel into joining the rival United Klans of America in September 1964.

Grand Dragon Marshall Robert Kornegay, whose appointment as chief of the Virginia Realm was announced by Imperial Wizard Shelton in August 1965, is a former Raleigh, N.C., insurance salesman. After joining the United Klans in 1964, he became a grand titan for the Raleigh area and in early 1965 was elevated to grand klokard (lecturer) for the North Carolina organization. Kornegay went on the United Klans payroll in the summer of 1965 at a salary of $150 a week plus expenses. He became a full-time paid klan employee in spite of a record of questionable practices in the insurance business.

Appearing as a witness before the committee on October 21, 1965, the now grand dragon of Virginia refused to comment on reasons for his dismissal from two North Carolina insurance agencies. Kornegay had been fired by one agency in February 1957 after a shortage of some $342 was discovered in his account of premium collections. His license was subsequently cancelled by the North Carolina Department of Insurance. Some months later, a friend paid the amount owed by Kornegay to the insurance company. However, the committee has learned that this benefactor has never been reimbursed by Kornegay.

Following restoration of his insurance license, Kornegay obtained employment with another insurance company which dismissed him in June of 1965 because of shortages in his accounts totalling approximately $1435. The sum owed included not only shortages in premium accounts but also bad checks, promissory notes, and bills for nonbusiness telephone calls.

While Kornegay served as an officer in the North Carolina State apparatus of the United Klans in 1964-1965, he was able to make a profit from a group hospital-surgical insurance plan which he promoted within the State klan organization. The committee found that his commissions on sales of such insurance to klansmen amounted to more than $3500 in a 6-month period, and that additional commissions had been paid to North Carolina Grand Dragon Jones and another State klan officer. The group policies were cancelled when insurance company officials discovered that a klan organization was involved. The resentment of North Carolina klansmen who had purchased such policies reputedly was partially responsible for Kornegay's assignment to the neighboring State of Virginia as grand dragon.

Kornegay has a reputation as a gun-toter and tough talker at klavern meetings. He has talked of the need for beating and killing Negro civil rights demonstrators and klansmen who are too talkative. Late in 1964, he demonstrated incendiary devices to klansmen meeting at his home.

The United Klans grand dragon for Ohio, Flynn Harvey, was an unresponsive witness before the committee on February 11, 1966. Prior to assuming the United Klans post in the spring of 1965, Harvey had served as Ohio grand dragon for the National Knights of the

Ku Klux Klan. An undercover agent within the latter klan testified on February 10, 1966, that Harvey's conduct as leader of the National Knights led members of a Columbus klavern to file written charges against him late in 1964 and to ask for his removal from office. The letter of complaint, which was also made part of the hearing record, accused Harvey of unlawfully using klan funds, making slanderous statements against fellow klansmen, failing to "maintain a sound reputation with his creditors," and "drunkenness."

SOME LESSER OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF UNITED KLANS

Committee investigations revealed that many individuals with police records had not only attained klan membership but also joined the leadership hierarchy in a number of States, both North and South. An unusually high percentage was found in the North Carolina Realm of the United Klans.

Police files on Charles Douglas "Bud" Deese, who was elected State secretary (grand kligrapp) of the United Klans North Carolina. organization in January 1964, were entered into the record when he appeared as an unresponsive witness before the committee on October 26, 1965. A month after his election, he had been arrested during a civil rights demonstration and convicted on a charge of carrying a concealed weapon. Arresting officers had also charged him with causing a riot, interfering with a police officer and using indecent and profane language. In June of 1965 he was found guilty of assault on a female. He had been convicted on the same charge in 1962, prior to his elevation to office in the United Klans. His record also included a still earlier conviction on the serious charges of breaking and entering, larceny and robbery.

Donald E. Leazer, who held the post of North Carolina State secretary of the United Klans at the time of his appearance before the committee on October 22, 1965, had been found guilty only 2 months earlier on a charge of carrying a concealed weapon. Fines and a 60day suspended prison sentence were imposed in this case.

Fred Lee Wilson, State treasurer (grand klabee) for the United Klans of North Carolina at the time he was called as a witness on October 25, 1965, had a reputation as a small time gambler. He purchased wagering tax stamps from the Internal Revenue Service for the fiscal years of 1964 and 1965. The committee was informed that he engaged in a betting operation known as "tip-boards." His police record shows convictions in 1949 for drunkenness and disorderly conduct and for violation of lottery laws. A second conviction for violation of lottery laws in 1960 led to a 6-month suspended prison sentence.

A "titan" was installed in office in the North Carolina klan in spite of a prior record of three 30-day suspended jail sentences on charges of malicious damage. The record was a result of his propensity for hurling objects through the windows of homes and stores. One of his. targets was an establishment owned by a Negro whose children attended a desegregated school.

The head of the security guard of the United Klans organization in a Northern State, who also serves as exalted cyclops of a local klavern, is still under parole as a result of the latest in a series of criminal offenses. This individual was arrested on two occasions while still a teenager on charges of auto theft and theft, and he received a

suspended sentence in one instance. As a young adult, he was arrested in 1962 on a charge of carrying and using a dangerous weapon and again in 1963 on a burglary charge. The latter charge resulted in a conviction for unlawful entry and the carrying and use of a dangerous weapon. He was consigned to prison until October 1964, when he was paroled.

Financial chicanery by the exalted cyclops of a klavern of the United Klans in North Carolina was cited by witness George L. Williams as one reason for his own withdrawal from the klan after a 4-month membership in 1965. Williams, who testified on January 28, 1966, explained that the exalted cyclops had borrowed $500 from an individual on the pretext the sum would be used as cash bond to obtain the release of jailed klansmen. The klavern officer actually used the money for the purchase of a car, and the klan organization repaid the loan to avoid undesirable publicity, Williams said. In this instance, the exalted cyclops forfeited his klan office.

The United Klans, according to its constitution, is "founded on sterling character" and it invites all men "who can qualify" to join the klan and "share with us the glory of performing the sacred duty of protecting womanhood." The words of the klan were contradicted by the performance of a klavern official in Louisiana early in 1966. The officer was convicted in January of attempting aggravated rape on a 13-year-old Negro girl. A recorded interrogation made public during the trial disclosed that the defendant had admitted both the criminal attack and membership in the United Klans. The individual previously served as an officer of a klavern of the Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.

The United Klans pose as a protector of womanhood was further damaged when the police of De Kalb Co., Ga., removed 40 guests at a party in a local klavern headquarters in 1963 and booked them on charges of maintaining a disorderly house, later dismissed. The police report detailed obstreperous and immoral behavior at a party attended not only by men and women but also by a number of children between the ages of 5 and 17. Among those who had been arrested were William B. Crowe and William Allison Anderson, who were interrogated by the committee November 1, 1965, regarding information that the two men had served as instructors of a United Klans demolitions course. Crowe's police record dates back to the 1940's, with entries indicating two escapes from prison and an arrest on a charge of drunk and disorderly conduct in a room with a woman.

A group of United Klansmen were arrested and convicted of disorderly conduct for burning a cross in the spring of 1964 in front of a Negro-owned cleaning establishment in Griffin, Ga. A byproduct of the arrest was the discovery of an arsenal of weapons in the cars of klansmen involved in the cross-burning and an astounding police record previously compiled by one of the klansmen, Allen Lee Bayne. Bayne, who owned one of the weapon-laden cars, was discovered to hail from Alabama, where he had spent much of the period from 1947 to 1957 in prison. He had been repeatedly convicted and sentenced for such serious offenses as grand larceny, burglary and receiving stolen property. Penitentiary escapes were also part of his record. Bayne was questioned by the committee during its public hearings on November 2, 1965, and responded by invoking the fifth amendment.

A United Klans grand dragon who resigned from his office and the klan a month prior to his appearance before this committee testified that Imperial Wizard Shelton actually impeded efforts to eliminate less desirable elements from office in the organization. Ralph Pryor, grand dragon for the State of Delaware until his resignation in January 1966, told the committee on February 10 that the vice president and chief organizer of his State klan had been "stealing" from the klan by cashing checks received from persons applying for membership and failing to turn the money into the State office. Pryor said he tried to banish the man but was informed he lacked the authority. His efforts to persuade Shelton to take action met with a hostile reception. More powerful klan officers actually befriended the Delaware vice president, who was eventually assigned to klan work in another geographical area. The former grand dragon also described his unsuccessful effort to get rid of an obvious sex deviate holding office in the Delaware klan, and the cold response from higher klan officers when he protested entrance of Nazis into the klan leadership. Pryor eventually came to the conclusion that the klan was full of unstable little men looking for power.

INDIVIDUALS ACTIVE IN SMALLER KLANS

A number of officers and members of smaller klan organizations questioned by the committee in public hearing were found to have far from impeccable records.

Although the Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan claim to unite those whose "habits are exemplary," the Imperial Wizard Sam Bowers has been arrested and convicted of a local offense involving possession of intoxicating liquor.

Deavours Nix was named grand director of the White Knights Klan Bureau of Investigation in June 1965, despite a record of an arrest and fine for assault in 1962 and another arrest on the same charge in 1964, disposition of which is unknown. Within 2 months after his elevation to chief of the KBI, Nix was twice more arrested for assault, but charges were eventually dismissed in both cases. In February 1966, however, Nix received a 30-day jail sentence and $150 fine on charges which included resisting arrest, carrying a concealed weapon and speeding. He is presently also under indictment in connection with the slaying of civil rights leader Vernon Dahmer on January 10, 1966.1 Both Bowers and Nix invoked the fifth amendment when questioned by the committee on February 1, 1966.

Edward Willard Fuller in 1964 and early 1965 was exalted cyclops of a White Knights klavern in a Louisiana town near the Mississippi border. Later in 1965, he joined the United Klans of America. The committee questioned Fuller on January 4, 1966, regarding his arrest in connection with a shot-gun assault on a Negro in April 1964. Committee investigation has also revealed that Fuller is a gambler by trade and has been employed as manager of a roadhouse where the specialties of the house include gambling and prostitution. The committee obtained statements by two different individuals regarding beatings allegedly administered to them by Fuller early in 1965. In one of the cases, Fuller was further accused of firing a gun into the man's auto. Late in 1965, Fuller was arrested for aggravated assault, but the dis

1 See p. 123 for further reference to this case.