COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin, Chairman

L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina
DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida
CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR., Michigan
ROBERT N. C. NIX, Pennsylvania
DONALD M. FRASER, Minnesota
BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, New York
LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana
LESTER L. WOLFF, New York
JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York
GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania
MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts
LEO J. RYAN, California
CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois
STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York

HELEN S. MEYNER, New Jersey

DON BONKER, Washington

GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts

ANDY IRELAND, Florida

DONALD J. PEASE, Ohio

ANTHONY C. BEILENSON, California
WYCHE FOWLER, JR., Georgia
E (KIKA) DE LA GARZA, Texas
GEORGE E. DANIELSON, California
JOHN J. CAVANAUGH, Nebraska

WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan
EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Illinois
PAUL FINDLEY, Illinois
JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR., Alabama
J. HERBERT BURKE, Florida
CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR., Ohio
LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas

BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York
TENNYSON GUYER, Ohio

ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California
WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania
SHIRLEY N. PETTIS, California

JOHN J. BRADY, Jr., Chief of Staff
ROBERT K. BOYER, Staff Consultant
GEORGE M. INGRAM, Staff Consultant
J. EDWARD Fox, Minority Staff Consultant
ROXANNE PERUGINO, Staff Assistant

(II)

CONTENTS

WITNESSES

Thursday, September 8, 1977:

Hon. Ellsworth Bunker, conegotiator for the Panama Canal Treaties..

Hon. Sol M. Linowitz, conegotiator for the Panama Canal Treaties...

Herbert J. Hansell, legal adviser, Department of State...

Lt. Gen. Welburn Dolvin, member, U.S. Negotiating Team for the

Panama Canal Treaties.

Wednesday, September 14, 1977:

Hon. Dean Rusk, former Secretary of State----

Page

3

6

14

123

Hon. Henry A. Kissinger, former Secretary of State----

127

Thursday, September 15, 1977:

Dr. John Wasylik, national commander in chief, Veterans of Foreign

Wars of the United States_.

155

William J. Rogers, immediate past national commander, the Ameri-

can Legion----

163

Frank D. Ruggiero, national commander, AMVETS-

171

Dr. Robert P. Foster, chairman, National Foreign Relations Commis-

sion, the American Legion..

175

Col. Phelps Jones, director, National Security and Foreign Affairs,

Veterans of Foreign Wars---.

177

Tuesday, September 20, 1977:

Hon. Samuel S. Stratton, a Representative in Congress from the

State of New York...

181

Hon. Larry P. McDonald, a Representative in Congress from the

State of Georgia_____

198

Hon. Philip M. Crane, a Representative in Congress from the State

of Illinois..

205

Alfred Graham, president, Central Labor Union/Metal Trades Coun-

cil, Canal Zone_..

224

William Drummond, legislative chairman, Central Labor Union/

Metal Trades Council, Canal Zone----

231

Monday, September 26, 1977:

Hon. Harold Brown, Secretary of Defense_

237

Gen. George S. Brown, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff

240

Lt. Gen. Welburn_Dolvin, member, U.S. Negotiating Team for the

Panama Canal Treaty-

266

Wednesday, September 28, 1977:

Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, former Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff___

Tuesday, October 11, 1977:

277

William P. Stedman, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-

American Affairs__

304

Rose Marie Aragon, Panamanian Committee for Human Rights.

David Carliner, attorney for Rose Marie Aragon_.

320

326

Curtis Cutter, Legislative Officer, Congressional Relations, Depart-

ment of State..

328

Winston Robles, assistant professor of political science, Florida Inter-

national University, and director of the Panamanian Committee for

Human Rights---.

338

Rev. Leo T. Mahon, St. Victor's Parish, Calumet, Ill., former priest in

Panama.

344

Thursday, October 20, 1977:

Hon. Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of State--

364

Hon. Ellsworth Bunker, conegotiator for the Panama Canal Treaties.

Hon. Sol M. Linowitz, conegotiator for the Panama Canal Treaties..

381

382

MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD

"Declaration of Washington".

Letter, arguments, and counterarguments on Panama Canal Treaty.

Statement of Herbert J. Hansell, legal adviser, Department of State,

before the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries,

August 17, 1977__

Legal opinion of the Attorney General on the Panama Canal Treaties.

1977 January-February issue of Freedom House....

Exchange of notes, loan guarantees, credit papers, and related documents

concerning various U.S. Government activities located in the Canal

Zone_

Total amount of canal construction costs and total payments to Panama

by the United States_

Book value of the Panama Canal enterprise_

Resolution No. 402, U.S. Sovereignty Over the U.S. Canal Located on the

Isthmus of Panama, submitted by Dr. John Wasylik, commander in

chief, VFW.

Page

15

22

26

28

48

62

116

119

156

217

252

U.S. Government use of Panama Canal before, during, and after Vietnam

List of U.S. facilities in Canal Zone to be relinquished and kept under the

treaty provisions.

Estimate of cost of the canal to the United States during the Vietnam war-

Statement of Hon. William L. "Bill" Dickinson, a Representative in

Congress from the State of Alabama..

270

272

Statement of Hon. John M. Murphy, chairman, House Committee on

Merchant Marine and Fisheries--.

297

Data in support of the contention of the continuing importance of the

Panama Canal and Canal Zone___

303

Freedom House human rights rating on Panama_

307

Freedom House's formula for determining its human rights ratings.

Press release from Freedom House "Urges Approval of Canal Treaties

Despite Panama's 'Deplorable' Human Rights Record," dated Novem-

ber 17, 1977_ _ _

310

312

Relationship between Torrijos and Qadhafi of Libya..

316

Clarification of Cabinet Decree No. 343-Self-censorship of the Pana-

manian media..

317

Visa case of Leopoldo Aragon Escalona submitted by the Department of

State

328

Canal Zone police involvement in the capture and beating of Leopoldo

Aragon...

329

Documentation on the case of David Mendelson_.

Excerpts from the testimony of Jerome J. Shestack, president of the

International League for Human Rights, before the Subcommittee on

Foreign Operations and Related Agencies, House Committee on Appro-

priations, April 5, 1977___

330

351

Letter to Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, OAS, from

International League of Human Rights, concerning human rights viola-

tions in Panama...

351

Press release of the Office of the White House Press Secretary on "State-

ment of Understanding," dated October 14, 1977

368

Telegram from U.S. Embassy to Secretary of State, dated September
29, 1977.

368

"Panama: Escobar Tells Press of Carter-Torrijos Meeting," telegram to

Department of State dated October 1, 1977.

369

"Panama: Escobar Betancourt Holds Press Conference,' telegram to

Department of State dated October 1, 1977__

Letter sent to Chairman Zablocki from J. R. Williams, president of the

Panama Canal Pilots Association_.

Letter to President Gerald Ford concerning ongoing SALT negotiations__

Questions submitted for the record by Congressman Larry Winn, Jr. and

responses by the Department of State..

385

388

APPENDIX

1. Staff summary of the issues, pro and con on the Panama Canal

Treaties__

403

2. Texts of treaties relating to the Panama Canal.

427

3. Agreement in implementation of article III of the Panama Canal Treaty

Page

446

4. Agreement in implementation of article IV of the Panama Canal Treaty.

513

5. Statement of Understanding between the United States and Panama regarding the Neutrality Treaty--

564

6. Remarks of Dr. Romulo Bethancourt before the Panamanian National Assembly, from the American Conservative Union News, dated September 7, 1977.

565