THIRD SERIES. No. 4-VOL. IX.] BALTIMORE, SEPT. 22, 1827. [VOL. XXXIII. WHOLE NO. 836

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES & 90N AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

The publication of the index for the last volume, the people. We also add the following extract from a has been unavoidably delayed, but will be speedily fur-letter received in Baltimore on Tuesday last, from a nished. gentleman in South Carolina, remitting his subscription through the hand of a friend

SOUTH CAROLINA. We have been, and yet are, at a loss to understand why so great an excitement against the tariff, and the principle of protecting domestic industry, has been raised in South Carolina, as to tolerate propositions to "calculate the value of the union," and cause some to outstrip the sentionalities displayed by other persons in the eastern states, in a season of great private privation and mad political passion. The last submitted, as they must have done, to the enactments of the majority-and so will the last. It is not less improper to talk thus wildly in South Carolina than it was in Massachusetts; and the same justice will mete the same amount of reprobation to all who shall "plot to dismember this union," or impede the operation of the

laws.

But, as just observed, we do not understand these things. It is not to be supposed that the actors in such anti-republican and disorganizing proceedings, "calcuTate" upon frightening the people of other states out of doing that which they believe it is proper for them to do. If so they are greatly mistaken. The only effect

facturers of our country sustained; at least that they
"Tell Mr. Niles I wish the wool growers and manu-
should be protected against an inundation of Johnny Bull's
flimsy articles; but if they can make from seven to fifteen
per cent. we ought not to be taxed one cent for their
support, though we are all one family: the planters and
fariners here are not making more than two to three per
cent. on their capital. "

and manufacturers will be perfectly content with what
We can assure the gentleman that the wool growers
he is willing to allow them; and that the best feelings
exist among all of them, that their brethren in the south
may do as good a business as they desire for themselves,
There is now no jealousy in that respect-ao envy, or
mily."
other bad disposition; for we are "all of the same fa-

we wish that it might, we shall not charge the planters And if cotton shall rise to twenty cents per pound, as with "extortion!" We shall say it is caused by the demand, and not by a “monopoly." We will rejoice in will be to make the majority more resolute for the ful-it, as they also do in a prosperous state of things in the their prosperity, knowing that we also must partake of filment of its wishes. This is a natural operation of the east or the west. human mind, when left possessed of the freedom of action. And the national wish, as constitutionally expressed, must be supported. If the minority, in the north or the south, the east or the west, are to dictate the law-it is time indeed to "calculate the value of the union!" But violence hitherto has ever been its own self-destroyer in the United States, and it will remain to be its own worst enemy.

All the representatives in congress from South Carolina are opposed to the principles of the tariff. Is defection expected in any of them, that they must be thus stirred up? We rather suppose that some local matter has really caused this bustle and that a fear prevails of the loss of some certain power possessed or aspired to. We do know that many as good men as that state boasts of, regard the establishment of the domestic manufactures of cotton as the sheet-anchor of demand for this great product--and so it is. Hence, perhaps, to arrest this growing belief, comes the violence of politicians, that they may "ruin, if they cannot rule, the state." Such men have been-and are.

WEAVING. Letter to the editors, dated Economy,

Sept. 13, 1829-

of the three young girls employed at the Ivy Cotton In your Register of the 4th ult. I noticed a statement Works near your city, who wove during the month of July last, at 12 hours per day, 4,127 yds. of 4-4 superior sheeting in an 800 reed and above square.

great a perfection, I took the Register, went to our cotMuch gratified that steam looms have reached so ton works, and communicated the same to our weavers.

make a trial also, for one month, and commenced on the Upon which three young girls resolved immediately to 15th ult. to be as diligent on their part as practicable, and as the common and regular motion of the looms would permit, and finished last evening, working 25 days at 114 hours each, delivering 5,201 yds. of good 4-4 sheeting, approved of by the managers, wove in a 832 reed which requires 50 threads filling to an inch, and is above square also.

made at the Economy Cotton Factory than at the Ivy
By this you will observe that 1027 yds. more has been
Works.

the American nation has made in so short a time in the
It is really a great pleasure to notice the rapid progress
various branches of manufactures.
Yours respectfully,
FRED. RAPP.

SCIENTIFIC POWER,

Gov. Giles of Virginia, has shewn what he would doif he could. His toast on the 4th of July last, in reference to the tariff law, that "the southerns will not long pay tribute," and the late strange publication of a letter received by him from Mr. Jefferson are of a piece. The part of the letter containing the words "Are we then to stand at arms?" conveys an idea that, as we believe, never entered into the mind of Mr. Jefferson. Let what follows be given. The public have a right to the whole letter, since Mr. Giles has given a part of it. to the character of the departed sage and the public in-hend our meaning, has caused the following spirited reIt is due or a supposed belief that all our readers would appreA carelessly worded sentence, telligence. We do not wish to dwell upon these things. As we marks, with which we are well pleased, except that they opposed the ill advised and dangerous proceedings in some consideration with publishers.. were not "post paid"-a small thing to individuals, but of the east years ago, so shall we oppose like proceedings in the south or elsewhere. constitution, and will support the laws enacted, whether We stand or fall with the we approve of them or not; but if the latter, will do all that orderly and good citizens may do to have them repealed. If others are disposed to go farther, we shall oppose them with all the little means in our power. This we regard as republican-its opposite is the spirit of despotism.

In evidence of what is said we publish a South CaroJina circular and the copy of two memorials distributed through that state, and submit them to the good sense of VOL IX-No. 4.

have several times contested British doctrines on this pounded. We meant to have said doubted by some. We The paradox, so far as we are concerned, is easily casubject, as applicable to the general condition of society, and especially so as to the state of things in our countryand said that these doctrines, like others about "free trade," were made for exportation-and all that our correspondent says about the operation of taxation, &c. we have often enforced.

note annexed to the notice of Mr. Crompton's death in Ma. NILES-In your paper of the 1st inst. there is a which you say, "it is a matter of doubt whether the eng

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GRESS of SCIENTIFIC power may not be as productive of ky, designating them according to their preferences on evil as of good!! in lessening the value of manual labor,' the presidential question, by which it appears that there &c. What follows appears to be foreign to this view of are, in the senate, in favor of the administration, 21; for the influence of scientific power, and to me bears the ap-general Jackson 17. In the house, for the administration, pearance of a paradox. To be more explicit, I cannot dis- 54; for Jackson, 45. cern how the reduction of the value of manual labor can be productive of evil, if the same things which have been, or are now, procured for a value, relatively to the common standard of value, large-should produce evil, if the like things, equally good or useful in their kind, should be procurable at a less numerical quantity of the same common standard of value.

The Frankfort "Commentator" has a statement of the votes given at the late congressional election, and makes it appear that there was a majority of 8,687 "in favor of the administration." Other papers calculate it differently. But as in districts the fractions are lost, it oftentimes happens that the voice of a state may not be known by such elections. There is a remarkable case of this in the election of electors in Maryland in 1824.

Mr. Lincoln has been re-elected governor of Maine without opposition. In the choice of a representative in congress, for York district, Rufus McIntyre received 2,169 votes and John Holmes, late of the senate, 1,814. The first was elected, there being only the two candidates.

At the recent election in Mississippi, Gerard C. Brandon has been elected governor, and Abram M. Scott lieutenant governor. Gabriel P. Moore has been re-elected to congress from the northern district of Alabama without opposition. David E. Evans, a representative elect to congress from the 29th district of the state of N. York, has communicated his resignation to the governor.

YELLOW FEVER. The yellow fever has prevailed to a limited extent in Charleston, S. C. for some time past; the deaths not averaging more than one each day. The deaths by that disease for the week ending on the 9th ult. amounted to nine.

Is your proposition of doubt, founded on any particular theory?-on any example of incidents in any country? Permit me to observe that it is too common a practice among those who are considered the oracles of politica! economy, to ascribe all the evils which arise in artificia! society, to some individual or sole cause; and this has been the course pursued by the partizans or disciples, or teachers, of a particular theory, or indeed to the most prevailing theories, from the French economists to their successors the English economystics, with Adam Smith at their head, and Mr. Macculloch at their tail. That I may not be misapprehended, I mean to say that the cvils experienced by the manufacturers in England, though attri buted to the growth of labor-saving machinery, or scientific power, have not been produced by that cause; and that whoever undertakes to discuss that subject with a view to reach practical and useful truth, must take into consideration many other powerful circumstances-for example, the corporation or monopoly laws, the laws which arbitrarily regulate the price of labor contrary to the will of the laborer, the laws that relate to apprenticeship, and the exclusion of workmen who either have Private letters and verbal accounts from New Orleans not served seven years, or who having served an appren- state that an epidemic has broke out in that city-their ticeship in one place, are not tolerated to work, if not papers, however, are silent on the subject. The only privileged; in another; e. g. a printer, who served an ap-notice the papers of the 21st of August take, is the folprenticeship in Bristol, may be prevented from working, lowing. however able he may be, in any part of the city of London, at the discretion of one who has served his time in London. Again, the mighty influence of paper on the wages of workmen-on the prices of goods of the first necessity; which, by reducing the productive or purchasing power of gold and silver, substituting paper for those universally desirable and exchangeable agents, augments | the price of necessaries on the laborers, who have neither gold nor silver, while the effect upon the opulent or rich, is not felt, and they may convert their paper into gold at will. The banking system must be investigated in its operation, therefore, on the price or compensation of labor. Another momentous subject must be taken into consideration before a reasonable judgment can be formed as to the influence of scientific power on the vatue of manual labor,-that is the operation of taxation, public debt, on the general operations of society, and on that most essential of all, productive labor.

In the spirit of candor I must say that my notions are the very reverse of your doubt. 1 'contemplate very little evil, and that mere temporary and dependent on the burdens alluded to which chain down society; that is the only portion of society that is afflicted by those burthens, while I can anticipate in scientific power the means by which men may be rescued from the oppression to which the working people are exposed, and which deprive them of the means of mental cultivation and social enjoyment. Let me add, that the use of the word value is too generally vague; that in examining the influence of scientific power or labor, what is meant by value should be fest understood; and let me observe, that the word wealth As equally vague, and many other terms common to economical language have departed from their true signification, and produced confusion to so great an extent that the writers on this subject lose themselves and confound their readers, travelling in a circle of terms which seldom touch the truths they aim to illustrate.

"About forty persons have been buried in this city, within the last seven days; a mortality which is nearly double the general average among the population."

A BRITISH TRAVELLER. A person who terms himself the hon. Frederick de Roos, bearing a commission as lieutenant in his Britannic majesty's navy, lately obtained a month's leave of absence from his ship lying at Halifax, for the purpose of visiting the United States, in which re remained sixteen days, during which period he visited Boston, New York, Albany, Philadelphia and Baltimore. The result of the hon. gentleman's travels is an octavo volume of one hundred and ninety one pages, dedicated, by permission, to his royal highness, William Henry duke of Clarence, lord high admiral of England &c. &c, in which is contained some of the most palpable lies that were ever gulphed down by the English nation-We at first supposed it was written with a view of rivalling the celebrated work termed "John Bull in America," but on a nearer examination, and from the bitterness and gall with which it teems, we must class it with the productions of the Fearon's &c. whose vision blinded by bigotry and prejudice, prompts them to view a great and powerful nation as a band of demi-savages-whose household economy consists in the facility of turning a hoe cake or mending a pair of leather breeches-whose: chivalry and patriotism is indicated by biting off the noses or gouging out the eyes of their opponents on election days; and whose progress in the arts is like the baby house made by some sportive urchin in a pile of sand, compared to the cockney boast, the great St. Paul's.

The principal object of this learned traveller appears to have been the inspection of our navy yards, rather a delicate undertaking we should think for an English naval officer, unless the sight of the frigates, captured during the late war afforded a melancholy consolation; and accordingly among slanders upon American beauty, steam boats, stages, hotels, with now and then a libel upon some respectable persons who, deceived by appearances, were induced to treat him as a gentleman, we have an ample notice of frigates, dock yards &c. &c. The navy yard at Washington did not please the gentleman because among other things, there were only two frigates building The Lexington Reporter, of the 1st of September, there he finds fault with the inclined plane invented by gives a list of the members of the legislature of Kentue-com. Rogers, and thinks it "doubtful whether the Po

ELECTIONS. It is stated that the election of Mr. Yancy over Mr. Johnson in Kentucky, by a majority of 99 votes, will be contested; and asserted that a list of about 250 voters from Tennessee, who had voted for Mr. Y. has been obtained.

51

tomac, another heavy and clumsy looking 60 gun fri- was a landsman. I was assured that he was well satisfi gate, will ever be got down again"-At Baltimore he was ed with the wretched acquisition, which surprised me the much delighted with the model of a schooner built "for more, as I was aware that the Brandywine and Boston the purpose of smuggling on the coast of China"-and were fitting out, and that they were greatly in want of after an effort to procure a book of draughts of all the hands. This scarcity of men is by no means confided to fastest sailing schooners built in Baltimore, he departed their ships of war; American merchantmen are well for Philadelphia-at the navy yard in that city he disco-known to be principally manned by foreign seamen. vers "the Pensylvanian, a three decker, which the Americans say is the largest ship in the world, whose scant-force of the U. S. and its capacity to become a great naling is nearly as large as the Nelson." He then makes some remarks upon the maritime for this very luminous view of the U. S. and the navy, the honorable Frederick de Roos has been appointed val power, which are on a par with the foregoing-and flag lieutenant to his royal highness the duke of Clarence.

The navy yard of New York he says, is not much larger than that of Philadelphia, but in a state of far greater activity. I was struck with the confusion and disorder which prevailed in every direction, and was informed that it was in consequence of the preparations for fitting out two ships, the Brandywine, 60 gun frigate, and the Boston, 20 gun sloop of war, (both round sterned), which were ordered for service. I could not help reflecting, that in Portsmouth dock yard 20 such ships might be fitted for sea without occasioning the smallest appearance of extraordinary exertion."

considering it another instance of the contumely heaped
upon us by ignorant and malicious foreigners, we are de-
We should not have noticed this silly production, but
sirous that the people should understand how we are
thus misrepresented by those who have experienced their
hospitality, and how the libellers of a republican nation
archy.
are rewarded by the rotten branches of a corrupt mon

At New York, only one vessel, a 60 gun frigate, was building; but the author goes on board several that are lying alongside the yards; and his examination leads to a singular discovery: but he shall describe it for himself. the "London Magazine" draws a comparison between our BRITISH AND AMERICAN NAVIES. next went on board the Ohio, a two-decker, carry-own navy and that of Great Britain. It is stated that the ing 102 guns, which was lying in ordinary, alongside the whole number of American vessels now built and buildA late number of vard, but not housed over. A more splendid ship I ne-ing, is 46, (exclusive of those on the lakes which are ver beheld; she had a poop and guns along her gang ways; said to be in a state of decay)-viz: 12 ships of the line, the guns of her lower deck were mounted, and all her 15 frigates, and 19 sloops of war. standing rigging was on board; she was wall sided, and, 1827, the royal navy of England consisted of 603 vessels like all the American ships, her bows projected aloft; built or building, but as the number includes mere hulks this practice however, it is intended to discontinue in fu- and ships much less advanced than those which are said On the 1st of July, ture, as it is found to render their ships extremely unea- to be "building" in America, the force may be stated sy when at anchor. I was filled with astonishment at the with safety to be ten times superior to that of the U. negligence which permitted so fine a ship to remain ex-States. The number of officers in Great Britain is much posed to the ruinous assaults of so deleterious a climate. She has only been built seven years, and, from want of common attention and care, is already falling rapidly into decay. I afterwards learned that this vessel was an instance of the cunning, I will not call it wisdom, which frequently actuates the policy of the Americans. They fit out one of the finest specimens of their ship building in a most complete and expensive style, commanded by their best officers, and manned with a war-complement of their choicest seamen. Mediterranean, where she falls in with the fleets of EuroShe proceeds to cruise in the to pean powers, exhibits before them her magnificent equip-zine), "is in part the cause and in part the consequence of ment, displays her various perfections, and leaves them apressed with exaggerated notions of the maritime power of the country which sent her forth. She returns to port, having effected her object, and such is the parsimoay of the maritime department, that she is denied the common expenses of repair."

greater in ratio. The Americans have no admirals, (un-
less some were appointed under the act of the last con-
ress), Great Britain has 217.
American forces.

33 captains,

27 master com❜ndts.
212 lieutenants,
10 chaplains,

British forces.

824 captains or 25 to 1.
826 master com'ndts.
5,709 lieutenants.
37 chaplains.

man a fleet equal to ours with officers alone.
From this account Great Britain would almost be able
"The dead weight" on Great Britain, (says the Maga-

the enormous list of officers. The 'dead weight,' from which the Americans are free, is about equal to the whole expenditure of America, including the interest of the (public) debt, and the sums paid towards its liquidation. When the debt disappears, which at the present rate of "I next went on board the Franklin, of 86 guns, the payment made out of the public treasures in the United deck of which they were employed in tarring, and, al-States, except for public service, actually performed. reduction must happen in a few years, there will be no though an immense ship, she looked quite small after seeing the Ohio. There was another line of battle ship laid up in ordinary, without a poop, (the Washington). neither of these ships were housed over. small vessels building." There were no

From this circumstance and the unexpensiveness of the internal administration, the financial power of the repub lic applicable to the creation of a navy, will be as great as its power of recruiting it; and we have no doubt, that At this place the traveller also saw the famous unfin-half pay list if it be so disposed to do." The writer says ished "steam frigate." He thinks that if she had been that it must not be concluded because there are only GO it will be able without any violent exerition, to create a completed, she would still have been a failure. "Here I had an opportunity of observing the extreme sons qualified to command ships in the U. States; nor on difficulty which the Americans experience in manning the other hand that because Great Britain, has 1684 of captains and commanders, that there are only sixty pertheir navy. A large bounty is offered by the government the same class, that therefore she has that number whom to seamen, but it is found inadequate to induce them to it would be safe to trust with the command. Of the enter the service in sufficient numbers. In England, no higher ranks in the old country it has already become a bounty is given, and sailors are at liberty to select the matter of complaint, that the majority are too old for ip in which they choose to serve. This was found to service, and Great Britain is reduced to the alternative, unpracticable in the U. States, in consequence of the of perpetuating or even increasing the burden of dead ressive desertion; and it became necessary to fit up the weight, or of allowing a list of officers to become a list of Fulton as a general receiving ship, where men are enter-invalids. The Americans on the other hand burdened for the service of the navy, and kept under strict suralance. This vessel is commanded by a captain; and such straits are they reduced for seamen, that she is mpletely fitted out for sea, with masts, yards and sails, the purpose of drilling new recruits from the inland tes, and converting them into sailors.

It happened that while I was in the yard, the officer the rendezvous brought np his report. In the course hat day he had procured only two men, one of whom

with no such incumbrance would be able in war to encourage enterprize by rapid promotions of the better class from the mercantile service. If the officers thus procured should not be equal to the best, who are trained in a ship of war, they would probably be much more activity or in professions not maritime. In fact America has all the elements of a naval force with only the necesthan equal to those who have long been languishing in insity or the disposition to spend money enough to bring it

forth and embody it. Abundance of mechanical ingenui- the same day; and it is rather an uncommon thing that ty and skill in ship building; abundance of maritime en- more than two days are requisite. terprize; a great and increasing, and hardy maritime population; a vigorous and efficient naval administration, and what is of great importance a pattern navy, small, but excellent in its kind. [N. Y. Statesman.

SCOTT'S NAPOLEON. This work obtains favor no where. The last number of the New Monthly Magazine' contains a severe critique, in which the writer takes occasion to echo the charges of the French, of inaccuracy in dates, and mistakes with respect to events and persons. We have before us, too, an opinion from another source.

Extract of a letter from Washington.

KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS. Population returns for 1826:

Province of Namur-Population, 192,387; births, 6,501; deaths, 3,814-excess of births, 2,687. Province of West Flanders-Population, 580,108: births, 20,523; deaths, 15,216-excess of births, 5,307. Province of East Flanders-Population, no authentic return; births, 24,545; deaths, 16,886-excess of birth, 7,659; marriages 5,352; no divorce.

RUSSIAN FLEET IN ENGLAND. Portsmouth, Aug. 11, Wednesday morning the Russian squadron, which left "I suppose, like all the rest of the world, you are Cronstadt on the 22d of June, arrived at Spithead, conreading Scott's Napoleon-written at the desire of the sisting of the following ships--Azoff, 80, admiral SeniaBritish government, from materials furnished by the vin, captain Lazaroff, captain of the fleet, Plata; VladiBourbons, and corrected by Wellington! and we Ameri- mer, 74, vice-admiral Lutochin, captain Green; St. Aneans swallow the trash. What would you think of Jay, drew, 74, rear-admiral count Hayden, captain Newtall; or any other distinguished French writer, attempting to Hargood, 74, captain Avenoff; Czar Constantine 78, capwrite the life of Wellington, or any other great English-tain Bootakoff: Ezekiel, 74, captain Swirkin; Alexander man-would you expect to find it correct and impartial? Newski, 74, captain Bogdanowich; Sisoy, 74, captain DoIn addition to Scott's being a Scotchman, of course, full of nazorfi; Emanuel, 64, captain Koolitckin; Helena, 40, prejudices, he has been dealing in fiction all his life, and in captain Epantchen, (1); Mercurius, 46, captain Kishkir; my opinion, is totally disqualified from stating any histo- Prevornie, 45, captain Epantehen, (2); Kruzier, 46, caprical fact in a plain unvarnished manner. His attack on tain Davidoff; Castor, 46, captain Sitin; Diana, 46, capLa Fayette, is of a piece with the whole performance. tain Kashisenoff; Constantine, 48, captain Chrouscoff'; Grometchie. (eorvette), captain Chaglokoff.

[Philadelphia Gazette.

[The life of Napoleon ought not to have been written The Russian squadron, sinee their arrival, have been for many years; neither the feelings of his admirers or his refitting. Yesterday noon, prince Lieven, who arrived enemies are yet fitted to render justice to him and speak from London, at the George Inn, on the previous evenof events as they deserve. The last words of that great ing, went on board the Russian admiral's ship. His exman, the wonder of the age, were "I leave the oppro-cellency was saluted by the flag ship, (Victory), and brium of my death to the reigning house of England." garrison when leaving the shore. He continued on And whatever may have been his faults or his crimes, board about an hour, and then returned to the shore, the manner in which he himself was treated will remain under a salute from the garrison. The squadron came a stigma as lasting on his enemies, as any act of his own here with the expectation of proceeding immediately for will attach odium to himself; while it will endure as con- the Mediterranean, but, yesterday, orders were given clusive evidence of the homage of conspiried kings to the for four sail of the line and four frigates only, to prepare magnitude of his talents, and of the devotion which his for this service, and for the others to return to Cronstada country entertained for him, in shewing that Napoleon, The ships going are, the Azoff, Hargood, Ezekiel, and alone, in himself and of himself, was more powerful than Alexander Newsky, of the line; Helena, Prevornie, KruLouis, with a French army of 300,000 men, and as many zier, and Constantine frigates. These ships will proforeign bayonets to support his "legitimacy." ceed when the wind changes.

BRITISH WEST INDIA COLONIES. The following arA LONG FEBRUARY. From the New York American. ticle shews that the Canadians have been sadly disap-In the American of yesterday is an account of the British pointed as to obtaining a monopoly of the West India line of battle ship Warspite, crossing the 180th degree of trade; and it will not be pleasant to some of our own longitude, which made the week to consist of eight days. people who so eloquently bewail the loss of it. The pre-This is by no means an unusual occurrence; but the folsent British arrangement, as we have always said, very partially, if at all affects the amount of our exports, that would rather increase than diminish our tonnage employed, and that the extra cost of the articles would fall upon the British consumers.

fowing, which may be called a geographical or chronological paradox, can occur but very seldom, and may be interesting to some of our readers. In the month of February 1824, in the ship Jupiter under my command, I crossed the same meridian, or where "the extremes of Quebec, August 30. The Southampton, from Grena- east and west do meet," which made that month, (Feda, has confirmed the accounts via the United States,bruary), to consist of 30 days including six Sundays; each that the crops in West India islands were generally day consisted of 24 hours, as is usual with vessels at sea, very deficient, and that the produce of the islands would DAVID LESLIE. be scarce and high. About 500 puncheons of rum have, in consequence, changed hands in this market, and it is quoted at Sd per gallon advance. These markets were overstocked with American produce, introduced from the neutral islands, and our exports will now in consequence be less than intended. A number of the vessels which have sailed for the West Indies from this province are owned in it, and the owners, who are generally little able to bear any losses, will with the shippers also suffer. So far as Canada is concerned, it is indeed seldom that the best intentions of the British legislature have been realized. We had hoped that the British West Indies, under the existing difficulties with the United States, would bave been supplied by the North American colonies.

HAY-MAKING. The New York Journal of Commerce has the following paragraph

A Nottingham, (Eng.) paper, speaks of it as worthy of remark, that during the late harvest, the weather was so fine that it was no uncommon thing for grass to be mown one day, and stacked the next. In America the weather is so fine, that it is no uncommon thing to mow in the morning and stack well made hay in the evening of

INDIAN DEATH BLAST. At Bandah, in Bundelcund one of the northern provinces of Hindostan, there ar numerous rocky hills, which during the hot winds, be come so thoroughly heated as to retain their warmt! from sunset to sunrise. The natives, at that sultry sea son, invariably wear large folds of cloth around thei heads and faces, just leaving themselves sufficiently ex posed to be able to see and breathe. This precaution i taken in consequence of the terrific blasts which ocea sionally rush in narrow streams from between the hills Persons crossed by these scorching winds drop sudden ly to the earth as if shot by a musket ball. When medi cal assistance, or a supply of cold water, is instaneous procured, a recovery may generally be expected, but no immediate remedy be applied, au almost certain deat is the result.

THE AMERICAN QUARTERLY REVIEW, published Messrs. Carey, Lea, & Carey, at Philadelphia, has very wide and valuable circulation, and will probably ceive that degree of encouragement which the liber spirit of its proprietors and the ability with which its ma

ter is prepared so richly deserves. Among the articles with a perfect knowledge of the subject; and an equally in the last number is a very able article on the British complete conviction that the government of the United navigation and colonial system, which we had in States has pursued that policy which a patriotic regard tended to copy, as soon as room could be afforded, to the character and injunctions of the principles on which that these things should be understood by the Ame- our freedom has been fixed, and which could not have rican people; but shall decline it, because it has been abandoned without destroying, or at least clouding, been intimated to the editor of the "National Journal," for a long series of years, the prospect of establishing our (through whose press it was passing), th tthe proceeding commercial relations on the same footing as that on which might injure the proprietors by checking the sale of the our political independence rests. work. After stating thus, the "Journal" observes

Florida may be considered as embracing three regious: 1st. Et. Augustine and the East. Here the land is generally poor, and encumbered with conflicting titles. 6thly. That the principles laid down, and the course Excepting its delightful climate and orange groves, St. pursued by the present administration, is in strict confor- Augustine has little to recommend it. It has no back mity to the principles and conduct of all the administra-country, and is rapidly going to decay.-2nd. Pensacola, tions which have preceded it, from that of Washington to that of Monroe, and that they find an ample justification in the elements of our constitution, and the spirit of all the institutious which have grown out of that sacred in

In the course of his expositions, the writer of this arficle takes occasion to refer to, and refute the numerous errors of fact and argument, the various failures of memory and of mind, which are so conspicuous in the speech delivered upon this important question, during the last session of congress, by general Samuel Smith, one of the senators from Maryland. We presume, from appearances, that the venerable senator did not need the labors of this able writer to make him sensible that he had misconceived many of the facts upon which he hinged his grave charges against the administration, and his many exceptions to the course which had been pursued.

The surface of the country in Florida is generally flat, though it rises in the interior into slight elevations. Towards the sea shore, it abounds in lagoons. From the Without further remark, we dismiss this interesting number of coral reefs, continually increasing, one might article. We are aware of the difficulty of prevailing conclude that perhaps all Florida was founded so to upon the general reader to concentrate his attention to speak, by molluscous animals, who have built up these one subject, for the length of time it will require to pe- enormous piles from the bottom of the ocean.-The eli-' ruse so extended an essay, be its inherent talent never so mate in July, August and September, is hot and pecugreat. But we are satisfied that whoever may spare the liarly sultry; during the rest of the year it is mild and necessary time, and devote a proper attention to the facts pleasant. Even on the inferior lands, almost on pin and arguments here presented, will rise from the task ¦ barreus, the sugar cane is raised with great facility.