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the expense of frightful calumnies heaped upon himself, and it is probable that his fame will glow henceforward as brightly as, during the war, it was suddenly obscured."

But it should not be supposed that the whole army ran away from Bull Run; excepting the 4,000 or 5,000 men who were disorganized as above described, the army retired in good order and re-formed line of battle on the Heights of Centreville, where Miles' reserves were posted. It will be remembered that there was really no pursuit, notwithstanding the fearful stories of the "black-horse cavalry." General Johnson, who had superseded Beauregard as his superior in rank, explains the fact in his official report, wherein he says: "The apparent firmness of the troops at Centreville checked his pursuit."

I do not wish to be understood, from what I have said about the popular clamor against McDowell and his army, that anybody designed to do it or him injustice; but the North had counted upon a victory, and they had not yet learned how to accept defeat instead of the expected triumph. In the popular judgment, this unlooked for reverse could only be attributable to some blunder on the part of the commander, or cowardice on the part of the troops. The public at large had no knowledge of the circumstances which inevitably tended to render the Federal army inefficient, but seemed to suppose that, to make a soldier, it was only necessary to arm and uniform a man. When General McDowell had a few brigades drawn up for inspection and review, some little time before marching to Bull Run, he was charged with wanting to make a display, and it was pronounced to be an unnecessary tax upon the troops; neither did the public know anything about the assurances which General McDowell had as to Johnson's army, or of the real causes which led to the defeat of the Federals.

Unless a Union victory at Bull Run would have re

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A USEFUL LESSON.

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sulted in a termination of the war, which was not at all probable, it was, perhaps, the best thing that could happen for the final success of the Federal cause that the Unionists should have been defeated. The North thereafter had a truer sense of the magnitude of its undertaking, and while it hurled its men into the field, it was content to allow a little time to its officers and men to learn, at least, the rudiments of the art of war.

CHAPTER IX.

REORGANIZATION-IMPORTANCE OF RETAINING OLD RANK-CAMP ARTHUR -"CHAPEL OF THE PREPARATION "-FASTING AND PRAYER-B AND

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COMPANIES DISBANDED-REVIEW

AND FLAG PRESENTATION-EM

BARKATION AND ARRIVAL IN NEW YORK-ROSTER-PHILADELPHIA

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FROM BALTIMORE TO KALORAMA HEIGHTS-DESOLATED KALORAMAFROM WASHINGTON TO UPTON'S HILL-GENERAL WADSWORTH.

On the 5th of August the Field Officers advertised for recruits for three years, and began the work of reorganization. Many of the original officers and men of the command could not go out again, and large numbers were discharged.

Lieutenant-Colonel Gates had had an interview with the Secretary of War, before the regiment left Baltimore, wherein the Secretary expressed a wish to have the regiment reorganize for three years or during the war, and agreed that it should be re-mustered as the 20th N. Y. S. M., so that the old officers should be able to serve under their then existing commissions. This was a very important matter, as the welfare of the regiment might be seriously affected by the way in which this question should chance to be settled. It has already been shown how Colonel Jesse Smith, who happened to have an older commission than Colonel Pratt, and therefore ranked him, compelled the Twentieth to do guard and fatigue duty at Annapolis. Now there had gone into the field from the State of New York, while the Twentieth was out on its three months' tour of duty, a hundred volunteer regiments, the officers of most of which had had little or no experience, yet to whose orders the officers and men of the Twentieth would be subject, unless the old commissions stood. Such a state of things might become very serious on the

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CAMP ARTHUR.

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battle-field, where, by reason of the death or disability of a brigade-commander, a ranking colonel of the brigade should succeed to a command he was unable to exercise intelligently, and before higher authority could interpose he might have destroyed or disgraced his brigade. Governor Morgan, whose function it was to commission officers of New York troops, acquiesced in the understanding that the Twentieth should go as the 20th N. Y. S. M., if it would reorganize and return to the field.

A camp was established on the parade ground, west of the Plank Road, between Kingston and Rondout, to which was given the name of " Camp Arthur," in compliment to General C. A. Arthur, late Collector of the Port of New York, and at that time Engineer-in-Chief and Acting-Quartermaster-General of the State of New

York.

Lieutenant-Colonel Gates was put in command of the camp. Rigid discipline was enforced and drills were going on in squads by company or by battalion hourly.

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By the 18th of September there were about 450 men camp, and 150 more enrolled. The men in camp had received new uniforms, and their appearance accelerated recruiting. Lieutenant John M. Schoonmaker, a capital bureau officer, was Acting-Adjutant; Captain C. D. Westbrook, Engineer, and Dr. Robert Loughran, Sur

geon.

The following observations and Order are copied from the Kingston Argus of September 25th : "A few citizens, warmly seconded by the officer in command at Camp Arthur, have erected in the camp a commodious place of worship, to bear the name of "Chapel of the Preparation," (Ephesians vi., 15). Services are held on Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings. The presence of several ladies, and their aid in the singing, add much to the interest of the gathering. We copy the following Order, issued on Monday:

HEADQUARTERS 20th REGIMENT, N. Y. S. M.,
Camp Arthur, Kingston, Sept. 23d, 1861.

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The President of the United States, having appointed Thursday next as the day of general fasting and prayer, there will be religious services in the Chapel, at these headquarters, at three o'clock and at seven and one-half o'clock, P. M.

For the purpose of enabling officers and soldiers to attend these services, and to devote a portion of the day to the purposes contemplated by the President's proclamation, the afternoon drills will be suspended at three o'clock.

By order,

THEODORE B. GATES,
Lieut.-Col. Com'ng.

J. M. SCHOONMAKER,

Post-Adjutant.

On the 31st day of August, B Company, Captain Sharpe, and E Company, Lent, which companies had not participated in the reorganization of the regiment, were disbanded by orders from Brigade Headquarters, for "not having the required number of men to be effective at this critical period of our national history."

On the 18th day of October General Samson reviewed the Twentieth for the last time. The "Ellsworth Grays," a military company from Poughkeepsie, was present on the occasion, and the crowd of spectators was immense. Ten days previous to this event, the regiment had visited Poughkeepsie by invitation, when it was presented with a beautiful silk national flag.

On Friday afternoon, October 25th, 1861, the tents of Camp Arthur were struck, the baggage sent off, and at three P.M. the regiment was in march for Rondout, on its way to the seat of war, 987 strong. Embarking

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