Goose Island, small and low, lies about 1⁄2 mile northward of Cattle Point and close to the western shore of the channel.

Several islands and rocks extend from the southwestern part of Lopez Island, the largest being Long Island. Whale Rocks, two dark rocks about 4 or 5 feet (1.2 or 1.5 m) above high water and about 200 yards apart, lie 1⁄2 mile westward from the western end of Long Island; a sunken rock marked by kelp lies about 400 yards southward of them, and a reef, with 18 feet (5.5 m) over it, lies 600 yards southward of them.

Richardson is a post village on the southern shore of Lopez Island, on the north shore of the cove northward of Iceberg Point; a wharf has been built out over the rocks to about 12 feet (3.7 m). There is a fishing station located here. Richardson has daily communication by mail steamer with other points on the islands and with Seattle, Port Townsend, and Bellingham Bay. Water can be had at the wharf. Anchorage with good shelter can be had in the cove about 1 mile eastward of the wharf in 5 to 6 fathoms (9.1 to 11 m), soft bottom. Iceberg Point is marked by a flashing white light (3 seconds). No directions are necessary; passing 1/4 mile eastward of the islands westward and southward of Richardson clears all dangers. The small channel between Charles and Lopez Islands is used by local vessels, but should not be attempted by strangers. One must pass close to the north shore to avoid rocks near mid

channel.

Immediately northward from the southern entrance to San Juan Channel the shore of San Juan Island forms a broad, open bight known as "Griffin Bay", about 3 miles long and 134 miles wide. There are numerous rocks and shoals in this bight, and the shore should not be approached closer than 1/2 mile.

North Bay is a small bight in the northern part of the bay on which is located the village of Argyle. There is a small wharf, dry at low water, and a small sawmill. The cove affords fair anchorage in 7 to 10 fathoms (12.8 to 18.3 m), with Dinner Island, near the southern_shore, bearing about 182° true (SSE. mag.), distant 800 yards. In the approaches to the cove are two dangers. Argyle Shoal, with 10 feet (3 m) over it and marked by kelp, lies 34 mile 92° true (ENE. mag.) from the eastern point of Dinner Island, and a shoal with 6 feet (1.8 m) over it and marked by kelp lies 1/2 mile 143° true (SE. by E. % E. mag.) from the eastern point of Dinner Island. Rocks and shoals, some of which bare at low water, extend southeastward and southward from Dinner Island for about 400 yards; the passage between Dinner Island and the shore should not be attempted.

Fisherman Bay is a small, shoal cove on the western shore of Lopez Island and is entered by a narrow winding channel. Good anchorage, with shelter from all winds, for small, light-draft vessels with local knowledge, may be had in 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.7 m), soft bottom. The tidal currents have considerable velocity. Lopez is a post village of 51 people (1930 census) situated at the entrance. The wharf is in ruins.

About 2 miles northward of Lopez is the southern entrance to Upright Channel, between Shaw and Lopez Islands, leading to East and Lopez Sounds.

At Turn Island San Juan Channel turns westward for about 9 miles, connecting at its northern end with Haro Strait and President Channel. With but few exceptions the channel is free from dangers, with deep water.

Turn Rock, 4 mile eastward from Turn Island, is a ledge bare at half tide; it is marked by a flashing white light (3 seconds), and should be given a berth of not less than 100 yards.

Reid Rock lies in mid-channel 114 miles westward from Turn Rock spindle. There is a depth of 13 feet (4 m) over it, rising abruptly from deep water. It is marked by a red and black horizontally striped buoy placed in 28 feet (8.5 m) on the eastern side of the rock.

Friday Harbor, on the eastern shore of San Juan Island, 1 mile westward from Turn Rock, is a small cove about 1 mile long and nearly as wide. Brown Island, wooded and about 21⁄2 mile long, occupies the center of the bight; shoals extend 200 yards from its eastern end and southern shore. A shoal, with 15 feet (4.6 m) over it, lies 300 yards westward from the western end of the island, nearly in mid-channel.

Friday Harbor, population 601 (1930 census), on the western shore of the cove, is a county seat, port of entry, and the most important town in the San Juan Archipelago. It is the center of a prosperous agricultural district, and the headquarters for the fishing fleet operating through the western part of the archipelago. Produce and fish are shipped, a salmon cannery, a creamery, and a pea cannery being located here. There are a number of whares built out to deep water, at which water and fuel oils can be obtained. There are also good general stores and hotel accommodations. Communication may be had daily by boat, ferry, and telephone to various points throughout the islands and on the mainland.

Wharves. The city wharf has a depth of 16 feet (4.9 m) alongside at mean lower low water. The wharves to the westward have less water while those to the eastward have deeper water alongside. Customs. The customs office is in the bank building.

Repairs. A shipyard of sufficient size to handle any of the local boats is located here.

The University of Washington maintains a station 3/4 mile north of Friday Harbor devoted to research work in oceanography and marine biology.

Anchorage may be had off the wharves in 6 to 7 fathoms (11 to 12.8 m). Entrance may be made either side of Brown Island. Entering eastward of the island, favor the eastern point at the entrance to the cove to avoid the shoal extending eastward from the island. Entering westward of the island, favor the western shore to avoid the shoal nearly in mid-channel off the western end of the island.

Hicks Bay, on the south side of Shaw Island, has a small private landing.

Parks Bay, immediately northward of Point George, on Shaw Island, 2 miles northward to Turn Rock, is 12 mile long and 1/4 mile wide. It affords a good anchorage for small vessels in 6 to 8 fathoms (11 to 14.6 m) soft bottom. The harbor is clear, but a flat extends 300 yards from its head.

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Between Neck Point, the western end of Shaw Island, and Steep Point, the southwestern point of Orcas Island, about 11⁄2 miles, are a number of islands, rocks, and sunken ledges. Between them are several narrow channels, but the ones in general use are North and Pole Passes, close under the Orcas Island shore. At its narrowest point Pole Pass is marked by a fixed red light on the northern side. These connect eastward with West Sound, in Orcas Island, and with Harney Channel, between Shaw and Orcas Islands. The currents have considerable velocity and the channels are navigated only by vessels with local knowledge. Local boats bound from Friday Harbor to Deerharbor use the small channel west of Cliff Island and between it and the nearest small island. The islands are about

70 yards apart, but the channel is clear and deep.

Yellow Island, the westernmost of the Wasp Islands, is small, grassy, and nearly bare of trees. The western and southern ends of the island are foul, a shoal extending 300 yards, with a rock, bare at low water and marked by kelp, at its end. The island should be given a berth of not less than 1/2 mile.

Jones Island, wooded and about 34 miles in extent, lies 3⁄4 mile westward from the southwest point of Orcas Island. Spring Passage, separating the two islands, is clear, with the exception of a shoal projecting 250 yards eastward from Jones Island, 1⁄4 mile from the eastern point.

Flattop Island, prominent in the northern approaches to San Juan Channel, lies 114 miles northeastward from the eastern end of Spieden Island. It is about 130 feet (40 m) high, flat on top, and sparsely covered with underbrush and trees. Gull Rock, 30 feet (9.1 m) high, of small extent and bare, lies 1/4 mile westward of the island.

Waldron Island, steep and rocky on the eastern side but flat with sandy beaches on the west side, lies 114 miles westward from Orcas Island. It is irregular in shape, 3 miles in length, with an extreme width of 2 miles. The highest point, 580 feet (177 m), is near Point Disney, its southern end. On the north and east sides of the island is a high, yellow sand bluff; terminating abruptly in Point Hammond.

Cowlitz Bay, on the southern shore, is a broad, open bight affording anchorage in fair weather. The western point of the bay is shoal, depths of 334 and 4 fathoms (6.9 to 7.3 m) being found over 11⁄2 mile southward of Sandy Point. Mouat Reef, with 11 feet (3.4 m) over it and marked by kelp, lies 11⁄2 mile inside the eastern point at the entrance and 600 yards offshore. The post village of Waldron, with a wharf built out to 7 feet (2.1 m), is situated on the shore northeastward of Mouat Reef. There is a small general store. Bare Island, small, grassy, and bare of trees, 1/2 mile northwestward, and Skipjack Island, wooded, 114 miles westward of Point Hammond, should be avoided on account of the velocity of the currents in their vicinity. A small, bare rock lies off the eastern end of Skipjack Island, and another awash lies about midway between it and Bare Island. A rock with 3 feet (0.9 m) over it lies 1/2 mile northeastward from Point Hammond and is usually marked by kelp. White Rock, 35 feet (10.7 m) high, lies halfway between Flat

top and Waldron islands. Rocks, bare at low water and marked by kelp, extend nearly 600 yards northwestward.

Danger Rock, with 2 feet (0.6 m) over it and marked by kelp, lies 600 yards southeastward from White Rock.

The northern and western sides of Orcas Island are particularly steep and thickly wooded. Mount Constitution, 2,409 feet (734 m) high, in the eastern part of the island, Turtle Back Range, 1,497 feet (456 m) high, and Orcas Knob, 1,050 feet (320 m) high, conical and bare on the summit, in the western part of the island, are prominent and easily recognized from northward and southward. President Channel, separating Waldron and Orcas Islands, is about 5 miles in length, with a least width of 114 miles. The depths are generally great and the passage is free from dangers. The tidal currents have a velocity of 2 to 5 knots and off the north point of Waldron Island and between Waldron and Patos Islands there are heavy swirls and tide rips, especially with an adverse wind. The rips are generally heaviest with the ebb current. Rips and swirls are also heavy off Limestone Point and the eastern end of Spieden Island. On the shore westward of Orcas Knob is the ruins of a wharf of an abandoned limekiln.

Point Doughty, the northwest point of Orcas Island, is bare and terminates in a small knob at its outer end. Freeman Island is a small islet in the broad open bight southward of Point Doughty. Foul ground, marked by kelp, extends about 350 yards westward from the southern point of this bight, about 14 miles southward of Point Doughty.

Parker Reef, consisting of two rocky patches bare at low water, lies 34 mile off the north shore of Orcas Island 24 miles northeastward of Point Doughty. Kelp covers the reef and the area between it and the shore.

North Beach, just east of Point Thompson, has an automobile ferry landing, connecting with Lummi island and the mainland.

West Bank (Plumper Reef), within the 10-fathom (18.3 m) curve, is 1 mile long in a general east and west direction, with an average width of 1/4 mile. The shoalest point, 10 feet (3 m), lies 212 miles 3° true (NNW. mag.) from Point Doughty and nearly 1 mile 261° true (SW. by W. mag.) from the western end of the southernmost of the Sucia Islands. Depths of 334 fathoms (6.9 m) are found 3 mile eastward of the shoalest point.

Patos Island, 42 miles north-northwestward of Point Doughty, marks the turning point for vessels bound from northward for President Channel or Haro Strait. The island is about 70 feet (21.3 m) high, and bare at its western end. Alden Point, the western end of the island, is marked by a flashing white light (flash 1 second, eclipse 4 seconds) and by a reed horn fog signal (blast 4 seconds, silent 16 seconds).

The tidal currents are particularly heavy and dangerous between Patos Island and East Point and for 2 miles northward in Georgia Strait.

Sucia Islands consist of one large and several small islands 12 miles southeastward of Patos Island. The large island, 160 feet (49 m) high and heavily wooded, is horseshoe-shaped, inclosing Echo Bay, which in northwesterly weather affords good anchorage for

small craft in 4 to 5 fathoms (7.3 to 9.1 m) near the head. Fossil Bay, on the southern side of Sucia Islands, is used as an anchorage by pleasure craft during the summer season.

Clements Reef, 1⁄2 mile northward of Sucia Island, is the northwest extremity of a reef 14 miles long 1/4 to 1/2 mile offshore. It is marked by a red buoy at its northern end.

Matia Island, 120 feet (37 m) high and wooded, lies 11⁄2 miles eastward of Sucia Islands. Puffin Island, with a reef extending mile eastward from it, lies eastward of Matia Island, from which it is separated by a narrow channel having a depth of 6 fathoms (11 m).

The reef extending eastward of Puffin Island is marked by a light on a house near the eastern end of the reef.

MINOR PASSAGES, SAN JUAN ISLANDS

North Pass, close under Steep Point, the southwestern point of Orcas Island, is about 1/4 mile in width between the point and Reef Island, the northwesternmost of the cluster lying between Shaw and Orcas Islands. It is free from outlying dangers, but a rock with 11 feet (3.4 m) over it lies 1/4 mile 81° true (NE. by E. mag.) from the northern point of Reef Ísland. The passage is used principally by small vessels with local knowledge.

Deer Harbor, at the eastern end of North Pass, extends northward into Orcas Island for about 3/4 mile. It affords good anchorage in 6 to 7 fathoms (11 to 12.8 m), 1/4 mile from the head. Fawn Island, wooded and of small extent, lies near the entrance and about 200 yards from the western shore. The eastern point at the entrance is marked by Pole Pass Light (fixed red). Deerharbor is a post village of 99 inhabitants (1930 census) on the eastern shore near the head. A salmon cannery is located on the point opposite. There is a small wharf extending to about 12 feet (3.6 m) at mean lower low water. Farm produce is shipped. Provisions and gasoline may be obtained in small quantities. A sunken boulder lies 100 yards north-northwestward from the wharf. It has about 4 feet (1.2 m) over it at low tide, and is dangerous to steamers in leaving. A mid-channel course leads clear through North Pass and to the anchorage northward of Fawn Island. The eastern shore of the harbor should not be approached closer than 300 yards, on account of shoals which in places extend over 200 yards offshore. Steamers coming from the westward to Deer Harbor run through the passage westward of Fawn Island, and in leaving, eastward bound, use the passage eastward of it.

Pole Pass, between Crane and Orcas Islands, is very narrow, the width between the 18-foot (5.5 m) curves being about 75 yards. Eastward of Crane Island it connects with Wasp Passage, coming from westward along the shore of Shaw Island. Neither of these passages should be attempted without a pilot, and then only with a quick-working vessel. The north shore of Crane Island is foul, shoals extending in places over 250 yards from shore. A sunken rock with 5 feet (1.5 m) over it lies 250 yards off the northern shore 3% mile 287° true (W. 34 S. mag.) from Pole Pass Light.

Crane Island has a small private landing on the eastern side. Poultry and eggs are shipped.