rather low in the vicinity of the beach, and has but few outlying rocks.

Hunter Creek empties 4 miles northward from Cape Sebastian; it is small and unimportant. Off the mouth are three visible rocks, the outer (middle) one lying nearly 11⁄2 mile offshore.

Rogue River (chart 5951) is the first important stream north of San Francisco. Tanbark, wool, and the output of several canneries are shipped and gasoline, distillate, and general merchandise are received. All commerce is now carried on by trucks and busses over the Oregon Coast Highway (U.S. 101). Gold Beach, population 500 (1930 census), on the south bank of the river near its mouth, is the principal town, and opposite it, on the north bank, is Wedderburn, population 100 (1930 census), with a wharf having 5 feet (1.5 m) of water at low tide. The bar at the entrance has a depth of 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.6 m) at low water, and is crossed only at high tide during the summer months by light-draft vessels with local knowledge. Owing to the shifting character of the bar no directions of value to a stranger can be given. A concrete arch highway bridge of approximately 60 feet (18.3 m) vertical clearance crosses the Rogue River about 3/4 mile above its mouth. It is prominent from seaward when off the mouth of the river.

The low land of the river valley, and the rocks of Rogue River Reef are prominent from seaward."

The north head of Rogue River reaches an elevation of 700 feet (213 m) about 1 mile northward of its mouth, and the marked depression in the coast range made by the valley of the stream is visible from a considerable distance seaward.

Rogue River Reef extends in a general west-northwest direction from the mouth of Rogue River for 4 miles, with a channel 1⁄2 mile wide separating it from the beach. This channel has been used occasionally, but it is not safe for a stranger. Northwest Rocks, 4 miles 308° true (WNW. 12 W. mag.) from the entrance to Rogue River, are the outermost rocks of the reef and are about 10 feet (3.0 m) in height.

Caution. In 1925 two vessels reported striking an obstruction westward of Northwest Rock. The bottom is very broken here, and as the area has not been swept by a wire-drag, vessels are advised to give this rock a berth of at least 112 miles. A sunken rock with 18 feet (5.5 m) over it, lies 250 yards, 303° true (W. by N. mag.) from Northwest Rock. Needle Rock, 106 feet (32 m) high, is the most prominent and lies nearly in the middle of the group, 3 miles 302° true (W. by N. mag.) from the north point of the river. The needle is on the southern side of the rock. Pyramid and Double Rocks are the most prominent of the remaining visible rocks, and are 46 and 53 feet (14.0 and 16.2 m) high, respectively. A rock with 16 feet (4.9 m) over it, lies 2 miles 185° true (S. by E. % E. mag.) from Needle Rock and 234 miles 262° true (SW. by W. 3% W. mag.) from the mouth of the river, and shows a breaker with an ordinary swell. A rocky patch with 434 fathoms (8.7 m) over it lies 22 miles 248° true (SW. 1 W. mag.) from the mouth of the river and 211⁄2 miles 172° true (SSE. 11⁄2 E. mag.) from Needle Rock; this patch generally shows a breaker.

Northward of Rogue River the coast trends nearly north for 10 miles and then sweeps northwestward until reaching Cape Blanco. The mountains are high, irregular, dark, and covered with chaparral. For 5 miles northward from the mouth of the river the beach is bordered by numerous rocks, but beyond that is comparatively clear with the exception of Orford and Blanco Reefs.

A

group of sunken and visible rocks, 1 mile long and 1/2 mile wide, lies 5 miles northward of Rouge River and nearly 2 miles offshore; these rise abruptly from 12 fathoms (21.9 m). North Rock, 7 feet (2.1 m) high, is the largest and is nearest the beach. A sunken rock with 8 feet (2.4 m) over it lies 1,345 yards, 298° true (W. 3⁄4 N. mag.) from North Rock.

The channel between Rouge River Reef and the mainland, and North Rock and the mainland, is sometimes used by coastwise freighters in clear weather. This channel should not be attempted by strangers.

Sisters Rocks are a group of three rocky islets 101⁄2 miles northward from the mouth of Rouge River. The northern and largest one is about 350 yards in extent and 394 feet (120 m) high, lying close to a projecting, rocky point 260 feet (79 m) high. The second one lies 250 yards south of the first and is 150 yards in diameter and 149 feet (45 m) high. The southern and outermost is about 150 yards long and only 15 feet (4.6 m) above water, and lies a little over 3 mile southward from the middle rock and nearly 34 mile offshore. There is fairly smooth water in northwest weather under the lee of the largest islet, which was the site of the old Frankport Landing.

Colebrook Butte, 2,050 feet (625 m) high, appears from the westward as a cone with gentle sloping sides. The upper part usually shows against the skyline and is readily recognized. From the southward it shows as a rounded peak which resembles Brushy Bald Mountain, though it is somewhat lower. The northern part of the summit is tree-covered and dark green in color. The southern part is grass- and brush-covered and light green in color. The slopes are timbered except for the lower part of the seaward side which is bare and brown in color.

Brushy Bald Mountain, 2,493 feet (760 m) in height, shows up in hazy weather as a flat, rounded peak with a gentle slope in easterly and southerly directions.

Lookout Rock, 214 miles northward of The Sisters, is a prominent, projecting cliff, 550 feet (168 m) high, with a marked depression behind it. The seaward face is precipitous.

Bald Mountain, 2,954 feet (900 m) in height, appears from offshore as an irregular knob at the northwesterly end of a long ridge. Rocky Peak, the southeastern end of the ridge, is a sharp conical peak. From a southwesterly direction, three peaks or knobs show; from north-northwesterly directions, two show.

Humbug Mountain, 1,740 feet (530 m) high, lies 54 miles northward from The Sisters and 4 miles southward of Port Orford. It is conical in shape, and its seaward face is steep and rugged. It is a prominent feature from seaward.

Island Rock, 222 feet (68 m) high, lies 114 miles off the seaward face of Humbug Mountain. It is about 350 yards in extent and flat

on top. About 200 yards off its northwest end is a needle rock 109 feet (33 m) high. These islands are prominent when approaching Port Orford from southward. There is deep water around them and between them and the beach.

Redfish Rocks are a group of islets covering an area of about 1⁄2 mile square lying 2 miles northward of Island Rock and nearly 1 mile offshore. They are five in number and range from 60 to 140 feet (18.3 to 43 m) in height. Sunken rocks lie amongst the islets. Port Orford (chart 5952) lies 62 miles southward of Cape Blanco and 19 miles northward of Rogue River. It affords good shelter in northwesterly weather, but is exposed and dangerous in southerly weather. It is easy of access, and is probably the best northwest lee north of Point Reyes.

The Heads, 300 feet (91 m) high, forming the western point of the cove, appear from the southward as a long ridge with three knobs. The inner two are slightly higher and tree-covered. Tichenor Rock, 92 feet (28.0 m) high, lies 175 yards southward from the Heads.

Battle Rock, high, narrow, and black, lies in the northern part of the cove close to the shore and is detached only at extreme high tides. Battle Rock is named from a desperate battle which occurred here between the first settlers who were barricaded on the rock, and the Indians who drove them away.

A wharf has been built in the northern part of the cove, close under a high point. The depths alongside increase from 15 feet (4.6 m) at mean lower low water at the inner end of the loading face, to 24 feet (7.3 m) at the outer end. Vessels moor alongside the wharf and load yellow cedar logs.

The wharf was badly damaged by a storm in December 1933. It has not been used commercially since 1932. Yellow cedar logs are all shipped to Coos Bay by truck over the Oregon Coast Highway.

Caution. There is a rock with least depth of 5 feet (1.5 m) at low water, 165 feet off the inner end of the wharf. It is usually marked by kelp.

Water in limited quantities is piped to the dock.

Anchorage may be had slightly to the westward of the center of the cove, in 10 fathoms (18.3 m), sand bottom. A bell buoy is 12 mile southward of Tichenor Rock. Small craft may anchor closer to the Heads where better protection is afforded against the northwest winds which sweep with considerable force through the depression at the head of the cove. Two rocks, awash at high tide, lie near the western side of the cove, near the Heads. In approaching Port Orford at night, a few lights in the town usually will be

seen.

Port Orford, population 300 (1930 census), is a small town situated on the cove. It is noted chiefly as being the home of the famous Port Orford yellow cedar. Communication is by stage and telephone.

Port Orford Coast Guard station is located at Nelly Cove, % mile westward of the Port Orford Wharf.

Klooqueh Rock, 101 feet (31 m) high, black, and conical, lies 13 mile off the northwest face of Port Orford Head. It is prominent, especially when coming from the northward inside Orford Reef,

There is a rocky ledge, bare at low water, extending about 50 yards from the east face of this rock, and a rock, bare 2 feet (0.6 m) at high water, about 330 yards east of Klooqueh Rock.

From Port Orford Head to Cape Blanco, 62 miles, the coast extends in a general northwest direction. Northward of the head it is a narrow sand ridge, rising at one point to 160 feet (49 m), covered with grass, fern, and brush, and which ends abruptly nearly 3 miles from Port Orford Head at the edge of the Elk River Valley. Northward of this are sand dunes to the mouth of Elk River, a small, unimportant stream. Beyond the mouth of Elk River to Cape Blanco the coast consists of vertical cliffs, wooded to the edges and in some places over 150 feet (46 m) high.

Orford Reef is composed of a group of irregular rocks and sunken ledges, about 212 miles long by 111⁄2 miles wide, extending in a north and south direction. The northernmost limit of the reef is about 21⁄2 miles southward from Cape Blanco Lighthouse, and the southernmost limit lies about 51⁄2 miles westward from the western head of Port Orford. A channel 2 miles wide leads eastward of the reef following the general trend of the coast, but at its northern end where it turns westward it is contracted to 1 mile by the reef extending southward and westward from Cape Blanco. This channel is much used in clear weather, but should not be attempted when thick. There is considerable kelp eastward of and inside the reef. Orford Reef lighted whistle buoy is located 114 miles 218° true (S. by W. 2 W. mag.) from Fox Rock. This buoy is the guide for clearing the reef.

Fox and Southeast Black Rocks, a little over 114 miles apart, are the two southernmost rocks of Orford Reef. The former is 10 feet (3.0 m) high, and lies 534 miles 291° true (W. mag.) from Port Orford Head; the latter is 6 feet (1.8 m) high and lies 13% miles 93° true (ENE. 3 E. mag.) from Fox Rock, with a heavy break about 1/4 mile west-northwestward from it.

Steamboat, West Conical, and Arch (Fin) rocks are the prominent ones in the southern part of Orford Reef, and extend in a general north-northeast direction about 1/4 mile apart.

Steamboat Rock is so named on account of its appearance from northward or southward.

West Conical Rock, 112 feet (34 m) high, is so named on account of its shape, the highest point being on the northwest side.

Arch or Fin Rock is 149 feet (45 m) high, with steep sides and a large, square arch visible from southward or southwestward. It is the inshore rock of the three.

Conical White Rock, 81 feet (24.7 m) high, is nearly in the middle of Orford Reef, and a little over 1/4 mile northward from Arch Rock.

Table Rock, 147 feet (45 m) high, is the largest of the northern group of rocks. Foul ground extends from it southward and eastward for nearly 3% mile, and for 3/4 mile northward in the direction of Cape Blanco. The northernmost part of this danger lies 1 mile 92° true (ENE. 14 E. mag.) from Northwest Rock with the eastern edge of Seal Rock in range with Arch Rock; Klooqueh Rock is also in range with Tichenor Rock off Port Orford Head.

Seal Rock, 53 feet (16.2 m) high, is large and lies 1/4 mile about southeastward from Table Rock. Long Brown Rock, 70 feet (21.3 m) high, lies nearly 1⁄2 mile westward of Table Rock. Large Brown Rock lies midway between and a little northward of them. Square White Rock, 72 feet (21.9 m) high, lies about 1⁄2 mile westward from Seal Rock, with Round Rock midway between and a little northward of them. Between these rocks are numerous smaller ones, some sunken and some visible.

Northwest Rock, 15 feet (4.6 m) high, the northwesternmost rock of the reef, lies 3 miles 226° true (SSW. 14 W. mag.) from Cape Blanco Lighthouse.

Blanco Reef extends about 11⁄2 miles southwestward from Cape Blanco, and consists of numerous rocks and sunken ledges, some of which are marked by kelp. Pyramid Rock, 30 feet (9.1 m) high, lies nearly 1 mile 260° true (SW. by W. 14 W. mag.) from the lighthouse. There are no visible rocks outside of it, but several between it and the cape and Orford Reef. A narrow, black rock, 125 yards long, lies 5% mile 176° true (SSE. 14 E. mag.) from Pyramid Rock. A rock with 3 feet (0.9 m) over it lies a little over 3/4 mile 199° true (S. 14 E. mag.) from Pyramid Rock, and 111⁄2 miles 234° true (SW. by S. mag.) from the lighthouse. This is, as far as known, the outermost rock of the reef. A rock, with 11 feet (3.4 m) over it, lies 7 mile 195° true (S. 11⁄2 E. mag.) from the lighthouse; it is well marked by kelp.

Cape Blanco projects about 12 miles from the general trend of the coast. It is a small, bare tableland, terminating seaward in a cliff 225 feet (69 m) high, with lowland behind it. A large, high rock lies close under the south side of the cape. From seaward the cape is not prominent, but from northward or southward appears like a moderately low, bluff islet.

Cape Blanco Lighthouse, a white conical tower, is situated about in the center of the flat part of the cape. The light is group occulting white (eclipse 2 seconds, light 3 seconds, eclipse 2 seconds, light 13 seconds), 245 feet (75 m) above the water, and visible 22 miles.

Rocks awash at low water lie 1,200 yards 20812° true (S. 34 W. mag.), and 1,200 yards 2532° true (SW. 34 W. mag.), from the lighthouse.

A radiobeacon has been installed at the light (see p. 11).

COAST FROM CAPE BLANCO TO COLUMBIA RIVER ENTRANCE (CHARTS 5802, 5902)

From Cape Blanco to the Columbia River, 208 miles, the coast is remarkably straight, trending in a general N. by W. mag. direction. It differs considerably from that southward. The coast mountains are much lower, the difference being more marked by the high mountains inland. The shore consists of high, yellow sand dunes and cliffs, broken by bold, rocky headlands of moderate height and backed by low, pine-covered hills. There are few outlying dangers or islands, the farthest offshore being at Coquille River, Cape Arago, and Tillamook Rock.

Cape Blanco and Blanco Reef are described above.

Gull Rock, 108 feet (33 m) high, lies 1 mile northward from Cape Blanco Lighthouse, with sunken rocks surrounding it and be