up to the synagogues, and into pri- || the mountains; and let them which

18 But there shall not a hair of your head be fulfilled. perish.

19 In your patience possess ye your souls.

20 'And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh.

21 Then let them which are in Judea flee to looking after those things which are coming on

Verse 22. These be the days of vengeance] See on Matt. xxiv. die. 21.

The destruction of

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A.M. 4083. the earth: for the powers of heaven || 34 ¶ And take heed to yourselves, An. Olymp. shall be shaken. lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.

27 And then shall they see the Son of man' coming in a cloud with power and great glory.

28 And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh.

C

33 Heaven and earth shall pass away: but him. my words shall not pass away.

Matt. 24. 29. Matt. 24. 30. Rev. 1. 7. & 14. 14.

d Matt. 24. 32. Mark 13. 28. Matt. 24. 35.

1 Thess. 5. 6. 1 Pet. 4. 7..

f

Rom. 8. 19, 23.
Rom. 13. 13.

1 Thess. 5. 2. 2 Pet. 3. 10. Rev. 3. 3. & 16. 15.-h Matt. 24. 42. & 25. 13. Mark 13. 33. — ch. 18. 1.—k Ps. 1. 5. Eph. 6. 13. John &. 1, 2. ch. 22. 59.

See this translation of the word vindicated in the note on chap. ii. 1.

Verse 29. He spake to them a parable] Illustrated all these predicted facts by the simile of a fig-tree. See this explained on Matt. xxiv. 32.

Verse 31. The kingdom of God is nigh at hand.] After the destruction of the Jewish state, the doctrine of Christ crucified shall be preached every where, and every where prevail. Verse 32. This generation] This race of men; but see on Matt. xxiv. 34. and Mark xiii. 30.

man is safe, at any time, who does not attend to this advice as literally as possible.

That shall come to pass] That is, the tribulations which are on their way to overwhelm and destroy the Jewish people. These are sufficiently stated in the preceding verses.

To stand before the Son of man.] To be acquitted, and to be condemned, are expressed in Rom. xiv. 4. by standing and falling. Those who were faithful to the grace they had received, were not only not destroyed in the destruction of Je rusalem; but became heralds of the grace and mercy of God

Verse 34. Take heed to yourselves] See our Lord's parable to the nations. Thus they were counted worthy to stand be relative to this matter, explained Mark xiii. 34.

Be overcharged] Literally be made heavy, as is generally the case with those who have eaten or drank too much. Take heed that ye be not rendered secure by an improper use of lawful things: do not make this earth your portion: expect its dissolution, and prepare to meet your God.

'. Verse 35. The face of the whole earth.] Or, of this whole land. The land of Judea on which these heavy judgments were to fall. See ver. 25. see also chap. ii. 1.

Verse 36. Watch ye therefore, and pray always] Perhaps we should connect Ewarti nasgw, continually, with aygutvuse, watch, as it appears to be the most natural order. Indeed the word continually belongs equally to both watch and pray, and no

fore the Son of man-to minister salvation in his name.
Verse 37. And in the day time] Or, every day as peças
This probably relates to the four last days of his life already
mentioned.

Abode in the mount] He taught all day in the temple, and withdrew every evening, and lodged in Bethany; a town at the foot, or on the declivity of the mount of Olives. See the note on Matt. xxi. 17.

Verse 38. The people came early] He returned early from the mount of Olives; and the people came early in the morn ing to the temple to hear his teaching. For practical observations on the awful subject of this chapter, see Matt. xxiv. at the end.

Satan tempts Judas to

ST. LUKE.

betray his master.

CHAPTER XXII.

The chief priests and scribes plot our Lord's destruction, 1, 2. Judas, at the instigation of the Devil, betrays him, 3—6. He eats his last supper with his disciples, 7-18. Institutes the eucharist, 19, 20. Announces one of his disciples as the traitor, 21-23. The contention which should be greatest, 24-30. Warns Peter against Satan's devices, 31, 32. Peter's resolution, 33. His denial foretold, 34. His denial foretold, 34. Tells his disciples to make prudent provision He goes to the mount of Olives, and has his agony in the Peter cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, which Christ heals by a touch, 49-51. He addresses the chief priests and captains of the temple, 52, 53. They lead

for their own support, 35-37. The two swords, 38. garden, 39-46. Judas comes with a mob, 47, 48.

The next

him to the high priest's house, and Peter follows and denies his Master, 54-60. Christ looks upon him, he is stung with remorse, and weeps bitterly, 61, 62. Jesus is mocked, and variously insulted, 63–65. morning he is questioned before the council, 66, 67. He acknowledges himself to be the Son of God, 68-70. They condemn him, 71.

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NOW the feast of unleavened

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3 Then entered Satan into Judas
bread drew nigh, which is called surnamed Iscariot, being of the num-
the pass-over.
ber of the twelve.

2 And the chief priests and scribes sought how they might kill him; for they feared the people.

Matt. 26. 2. Mark 14. 1.- — Ps. 2. 2. John 11. 47. Acts 4. 27..

NOTES ON CHAP. XXII. Verse 1. The feast of unleavened bread, &c.] See this largely explained Exod. xxiii. 14. Levit. xxiii. 2-40. and on Matt. xxvi. 2.

4 And he went his way, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him unto them.

Matt. 26. 14. Mark 14. 10. John 13. 2, 27.

Verse 4. And captains] Among the priests who were in waiting at the temple, some were appointed Quñaxes, for a guard to the temple; and over these were rearwyo, commanding officers: both sorts are mentioned by Josephus, War, b. vi. Verse 2. They feared the people.] The great mass of the c. 5. s. 3. Bp. PEARCE. See another sense of captains, in people seem to have been convinced, that Christ was at least the note on Matt. xxvii. 65. Dr. Lightfoot supposes these a prophet sent from God; and it is likely they kept steady in to have been the captains over the watches; for in three their attachment to him. The multitude, who are represent-places the priests kept watch and ward in the temple, viz. ed as clamouring for his blood at the crucifixion, appear to in Beth Abtenes, in Beth Nitsots, and in Beth Mokad. The have been a mere mob, formed out of the creatures of the Levites also in twenty-one places more, Middoth, chap. 1. chief priests and Pharisees. Though these watches consisted of several persons in each,. there was one set over them, as the captain or head of that watch. He thinks that Matthew, chap. xxvii. 65. refers to one of these: Ye have a watch of your own; let some of them be sent to guard the sepulchre. The captain of the temple, he supposes to have been the chief or head of all these watches; and thus he was captain of the captains. In the same Talmudical tract it is said, The ruler of the mountain of the temple, (i. e. captain of the temple) takes his walks through every watch with torches lighted before him: if he found any." upon the watch, that was not standing on his feet, he said, Peace be with thee: but if he found him sleeping, he struck him with a stick, and he might also burn his clothes. And when it was said by others, What noise is that in the court? the answer was, It is the noise of a Levite under correction, whose garments they are burning, because he slept upon his

Verse 3. Then entered Satan into Judas] The Devil filled the heart of Judas with avarice; and that infamous passion led him to commit the crime here specified. This at once accounts for the whole of this most unprincipled and unnatural transaction. None but a devil, or he who is possessed by one, could have been guilty of it :-let the living lay this to heart. A minister of the gospel, who is a lover of money, is constantly betraying the interests of Christ. He cannot serve two masters; and while his heart is possessed with the love of pelf; the love of God, and zeal for perishing souls, cannot dwell in him. What Satan could not do by the envy and malice of the high priests and Pharisees; he effects by Judas, a false and fallen minister of the gospel of God. None are so dangerous to the interests of Christianity as persons of this stamp.

Our Lord eats a pass-over

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5 And they were glad, and cove- 12 And he shall shew you a large An. Olymp. nanted to give him money. upper room furnished: there make

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6 And he promised, and sought op-ready. portunity to betray him unto them, in the absence of the multitude.

7¶Then came the day of unleavened bread, when the pass-over must be killed.

and

8 And he sent Peter and John, saying, Go prepare us the pass-over, that we may eat. 9 And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare?

10 And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house where he entereth in.

11 And ye shall say unto the good man of the house, The Master saith unto thee, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?

13 And they went, and found as he had said unto them and they made ready the : pass-over. 14 And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the twelve apostles with him.

* Or, I have heartily desired. ch. 14. 15. Acts 10. 41. Rev. 19. 9. Matt. 26. 29. Mark 14. 25.

watch. This custom casts light on Rev. xvi. 15. Behold, I have desired most earnestly. Our Lord's meaning seems to be, come as a thief: blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his that having purposed to redeem a lost world by his blood, he garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame. It is ardently longed for the time in which he was to offer himself easy to distinguish this captain of the mountain of the temple, up. Such love did the holy Jesus bear to the human race. from the ruler of the temple or sagan: the former presided This eucharistic pass-over was celebrated once by way of anonly over the guards; the latter over the whole service of the ticipation, before the bloody sacrifice of the victim of salvatemple. We have them both distinguished Acts iv. 1. theretion, and before the deliverance it was appointed to commeis the captain of the temple; and Annas, who was the sagan.morate; as the figurative pass-over had been likewise once See Lightfoot. celebrated before the going out of Egypt, and the deliverance of God's chosen people. Quesnel.

Verse 5. They-covenanted to give him money.] Matthew says thirty pieces, or staters, of silver, about 41. 10s. English, the common price of the meanest slave. See the note on Matt. xxvi. 15.

Verse 6. And he promised] That is, to do it-choynos: or, he accepted the proposal. See Wakefield. Verse 7. The pass-over] Пaoxa, ver. 1. is the name of the festival; to Taoya here, is supposed to be the name of that on which they feasted, viz. the sacrificed paschal lamb. But see the notes on Matt. xxvi. and especially the observations at the end of that chapter.

Verse 8-13. He sent Peter and John, &c.] See the subject of these verses largely explained on Matt. xxvi. 17-19. and Mark xiv. 13, 15.

Verse 16. Until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.] That is, until that of which the pass-over is a type, is fulfilled in my death, through which, the kingdom of God, or of heaven, (see Matt. iii. 2.) shall be established among

men.

Verse 17. He took the cup] This was not the sacramental cup, for that was taken after supper, ver. 20. but was the cup which was ordinarily taken before supper.

Divide it among yourselves] Pass the cup from one to an other thus the cup which Christ gave to the first person on his right hand, continued to be handed from one to another, till it came to the last person on his left.

Verse 18. I will not drink of the fruit of the vine] That Verse 14. And when the hour was come] That is, the even- is, before the time of another pass-over, the Holy Ghost shall ing. See Matt. xxvi. 20. and Mark xiv. 17.

descend, the gospel of the kingdom be established, and the Verse 15. With desire I have desired] A Hebraism for, I sacramental supper shall take place of the paschal lamb: for

A strife among the disciples,

ST. LUKE.

who should be greatest.

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them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of

me.

20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.

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23 And they began to enquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing.

21 ¶ But, behold, the hand of him that be- Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they trayeth me is with me on the table. that exercise authority upon them are called be

in a few hours his crucifixion was to take place. See on Matt. xxvi. 29.

Verse 19. Took bread] See the nature and design of the Lord's supper explained in the notes on Matt. xxvi. 26

-29.

can be desired more, says Dr. Lightfoot, as a demonstration that Judas was present at the Eucharist? And whereas the contrary is endeavoured to be proved out of John xiii. nothing is made out of nothing; for there is not one syllable, throughout that whole chapter, of the paschal supper; but of a supper before the feast of the pass-over.

Verse 22. The Son of man goeth] That is, he is about to die. Atextodai, oixtodai, abire, going, going away, and departing, are used by the best Greek and Latin writers, for death and dying. See Rosenmuller.

Verse 23. They began to enquire among themselves] See the notes on Matt. xxvi. 23, 24.

Verse 24. There was also a strife among them] There are

This do in remembrance of me.] That the Jews in eating the pass-over, did it to represent the sufferings of the Messiah, is evident from the tract Pesachim, fol. 119. quoted by Schoetgen. Why do we call this the great hallel? (i. e. the hymn composed of several Psalms, which they sung after the paschal supper.) Ans. Because, in it, these five things are contained: 1. The Exodus from Egypt. 2. The dividing of the Red sea. 3. The promulgation of the law. 4. The resurrection of the dead. And 5. The sufferings of the Mes-two different instances of this sort of contention or strife mensiab. The first is referred to, Ps. cxiv. 1. When Israel went out of Egypt, &c. The second in Ps. cxiv. 3. The sea saw it, || and fled. The third in Ps. cxiv. 4. The mountains skipped like rams, &c. The fourth in Ps. cxvi. 9. I will walk before the Lord in the land of the living. The fifth in Ps. cxv. 1. Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory; for thy mercy and thy truth's sake. See the note on Matt. xxvi. 30.

Verse 20. This cup is the new testament in my blood] Perhaps it might be better to paraphrase the passage thus: This cup which is poured out for you, signifies the blood of the new covenant, which is shortly to be ratified in (or by) the shedding of my blood. Or, This cup is the new covenant, poured out for you with my blood :—that is, the paschal sacrifice and my sacrifice happen together. But see Kypke.

tioned by the Evangelists, each of which was accompanied with very different circumstances; one by Matthew, in chap. xviii. 1, &c. by Mark, chap. ix. 33, &c. and by Luke, in chap. ix. 46, &c. That contention, cannot have been the same with this which is mentioned here. The other, related in Matt. xx. 20, &c. and Mark x. 35, &c. must be what Luke intended here to record: and this strife or contention was occasioned by the request which Zebedee's wife made to our Lord in favour of her sons, James and John: but then, Luke has mentioned this, very much out of the order of time, it having happened while our Lord and his disciples were on their way to Jerusalem: Matt. xx. 17. Mark x. 32. See Bp. PEARCE,

Verse 25. Are called benefactors.] The very Greek word used by the Evangelist, vegyet, was the surname of some of the Ptolemies of Egypt; Ptolemy Euergetes, i. e. the Benefactor. It was a custom among the ancient Romans, to distribute part of the lands which they had conquered on the frontiers of the empire to their soldiers: those who enjoyed such lands were called beneficiarii, beneficed persons: and the lands themselves were termed beneficia, benefices, as being held on the benefi cence of the sovereign: and it is no wonder that such soveVerse 21. The hand of him that betrayeth me, &c.] What reigns, however tyrannical or oppressive they might have been.

It does not appear that our Lord handed either the bread or the cup to each person; he gave it to him who was next to him, and by handing it from one to another, they shared it among themselves, ver. 17. In this respect, the present mode of administering the Lord's supper is not strictly according to the original institution.