to convince their opponents? To what other cause can we ascribe the profusion of smart and caustic expressions which they have elaborated in the course of this article, and that too upon matters of the highest importance? For instance: "the meltings of heart and exaltations of the imagination," "the hagiographies of spiritual experiences," "the paroxysms of conversion," " the strength wasted in these outpourings of the Spirit," the false "fire of insanity," "spiritual revelry," the "strife and agony of spirit which are necessary to produce the feelings of inspiration,' "the malicious and low gossip of the frequenters of the Olney love-feasts," "religious phantasmagoria," "" the passionate orgasm of theopathy," and the sarcastic advice that they "who have a diseased liver, a weak stomach, or a checked perspiration, had better go to Abernethy, and not to the Tabernacle.' To all such observations as these we reply, in the oft-quoted language of the judicious Hooker, "There will come a time, when three words uttered with charity and meekness shall receive a far more blessed reward, than three thousand volumes written with disdainful sharpness of wit." 66 Upon the "few words of advice," which the Reviewer offers respecting religious reading, after he has dropped "all levity of manner," we have only to say, that we doubt not all his judicious readers, of whatever party," will in the main coincide in his views; and will not cease to regret that he did not at an earlier stage of his remarks lay aside that flippancy of manner, of which he is himself conscious. We should then have seen the ability, which the writer evidently commands, connected with a greater degree of sound judgment than he has at present brought to bear upon the question. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. &c. GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication:-Sermons and Charges; by the late Dr. Middleton, Bishop of Calcutta; with a Memoir of his Life, by Archdeacon Bonney;-Letters on Lord Byron's Genius and Writings; by Sir E. Brydges;-A History of Chivalry; by Mr. Mills ;-a translation, with notes and additions, of Cellerier's Critical Introduction to the New Testament; by the Rev. W. Baker. In the press-A Guide to the Lord's Supper; by the Rev. H. Belfrage, D.D.; -The Sieges of the Madras Army in 1817, 18, 19; by Ensign Lake. The Corporation of London have unanimously resolved to establish a Library in their Guildhall, and have granted 500l. as an outfit, and 2001. per annum for the purchase of books. The management is to be in thirteen members of the court of common council. The Milton Manuscript is being printed, and will be published, with a translation, under the express sanction of his Majesty. The MS. consists of above 700 pages. A volume of the matters obtained by unrolling Herculaneum MSS. will shortly be given to the public. Mr. Payne Knight, lately deceased, is reported to have left to the British Museum his valuable collection of works of art, estimated at 30,000l. including a volume of drawings by Claude, which alone cost Mr. Knight 1600. In making some repairs in St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, a box has been found, which the antiquaries have decided contains the head of Lord Chancellor More. The head was much decayed. It has been restored to its resting-place. Sir Thomas More was beheaded on the 6th of July 1535, in the 53d year of his age. After the execution, the body was buried in the church of St. Peter in the Tower, and afterwards in Chelsea church, where it now lies. The head, which was set on a pole upon London Bridge, was afterwards privately bought by his daughter, Margaret Roper, who preserved it in a box, and placed it in the vault where it was recently discovered, very near her own tomb. The south chancel of the church is called the Roper Chancel; and there hung the helmet and surcoat, with the arms of Sir Thomas More on it. The late Mr. Dimsdale's coins have been selling at unheard-of prices. A Queen Anne's five-guinea piece produced 341.; a five-pound piece of Charles the First, 401. 10s.; an Oxford crown piece, with Charles the First on horseback, 691.; Queen Elizabeth's ryal in gold, 21. 10s. ; Queen Mary's ryal in gold, 637.-The sales of books by public auction during the present year have been unexampled in the amount they have produced. The London Missionary Society announce, that, their Museum being now arranged, and a descriptive catalogue printed, it is open every Wednesday. Admission can only be by tickets, which may be obtained (gratis) of any of the directors or officers of the society. A box is placed in the Museum, for the reception of donations. Dr. Gregory has made some experiments on the velocity of sound; the chief results of which are-That sound moves uniformly; that the difference in its intensity makes no appreciable difference in its velocity, nor, consequently, does a difference in the instrument from which the sound is emitted; that wind greatly affects sound in point of intensity, and that it affects it also in point of velocity; that when the direction of the wind concurs with that of the sound, the sum of their separate velocities gives the apparent velocity of sound; when the direction of the wind opposes that of the sound, the difference of the separate velocities must be taken; that in the case of echoes, the velocity of the reflected sound is the same as that of the direct sound, and that, therefore, distances may frequently be measured by means of echoes; and lastly, that an augmentation of temperature occasions an augmentation of the velocity of sound, and vice versa. Further experiments are wanting to ascertain-whether hygrometric and barometric changes in the the atmosphere influence the velocity of sound; whether sound have not different degrees of velocity, at the same temperature, in different regions of the earth; whether it move quicker or slower near the earth's surface, than at some distance from it; whether it would not employ a longer interval in passing over a given space vertically upwards, than in a horizontal direction, independently of the thermometric and barometric co-efficients; and whether those eudiometric qualities which affect the elasticity of the air, will not proportionally affect the velocity of sound. Dr. Bryce, of Edinburgh, directs, as a test of vaccination, that the other arm be vaccinated from the pustule on the affect. ed arm. If the effect is complete, both pustules will ripen at the same time. FRANCE. M. Cuvier, the geologist, lately visited England expressly to view some organic remains discovered in the bed of blue lias at Lyme, which he regards as most wonderful. In the classification of insects, Linnæus drew the characters from the wings, but was unable to trace distinctive marks for the families and genera. M. Dumeril, of the French National Institute, finds what he considers very natural characters in the jaws, and the number of articulations of the tarsi of the feet. The gelatine of bones is prepared at Paris, by submitting them for some hours to ebullition, to remove the fat; after which they are treated with dilute muriatic acid, which dissolves the phosphates of lime and carbonates of lime, and leaves the pure gelatine, preserving in a flexible state the forms and almost the sizes of the bones which have been operated upon. This bone jelly may be used for soup, after being well washed in cold water. It forms an excellent adhesive size or glue for fine work and ornamental purposes. UNITED STATES. A small society has existed for some time in New York" for promoting the establishment of communities." Its object is to induce persons to associate, throw their property into a common stock, and emigrate to the newly settled countries. About fifty individuals, including fifteen heads of families, formed themselves into a community, and left New York last March, to occupy a tract of land on Jackson's river, about 13,000 acres, which they own in common. Many others have since joined them. Any member may withdraw when he is dissatisfied, and take back his property, with his proportion of the increase. The plan seems to resemble Mr. Owen's "New View." Mr. Jefferson, whom the society consulted, returned a reply, from which we copy the following passage. It would express our own sentiments on the subject, if Mr. Jefferson had not neglected to join with education the circulation of the Bible, and the inculcation and practice of its divine principles. "That small societies, on the principle of a communion of property, may exist in habits of virtue, order, industry, and peace; and consequently in a state of as much happiness as Heaven has been pleased to deal out to imperfect humanity; I can readily conceive; and indeed have seen its proofs in various small societies, which have been constituted on that principle. But I do not feel authorized to conclude from these facts that an extended society, like that of the United States, or of an individual state, could be governed happily on the same principle. I look to the diffusion of light and education, as the resource most to be relied on for ameliorating the condition, promoting the virtue, and advancing the happiness, of man. "That every man shall be made virtuous, by any process whatever, is indeed no more to be expected than that every tree shall be made to bear fruit, and every plant nourishment. The brier and the bramble can never become the vine and olive; but their asperities may be softened by culture, and their properties improved to usefulness in the order and economy of the world. And I do hope, in the present spirit of extending to the great mass of mankind the blessings of instruction, I see a prospect of great advancement in the happiness of the human race; and that this may proceed to an indefinite, although not to an infinite degree." General Kosciusko, the Polish chief, who resided for some time in America, bequeathed 20,000 dollars, to be appropriated to the melioration of the condition of the Blacks in the United States. His administrators had neglected to carry the provision into effect; but the affairs being now adjusted, the sum has been appropriated to the Colonization Society, who have resolved to purchase a farm between Baltimore and Washington, with accommodations for 200 persons, at which Black and Coloured children will be received, to be trained for the Society's colony. Similar establishments are anticipated in other parts of the Union. INDIA. lege at Calcutta, was laid on the 25th February. Students will be admitted from the age of twelve to eighteen years. Those admitted on the Company's foundation will be entitled to receive for twelve years a monthly allowance of five rupees. They will study grammar for three years, after which for two years they will study oratory and other sciences, and for one year astronomy, and on the seventh year they may learn whatever science they please. The examination of the pupils educated at the Hindu College, Calcutta, took place on the 25th of February. J. H. Harington, Esq., the Rev. T. Thomason, Mr. Money, and various other European and native gentlemen, were present. The several classes acquitted themselves with great credit, and afforded a pleasing proof of the capability of improvement possessed by the native mind. NEW SOUTH WALES. covered several rivers hitherto unknown, Mr. Oxley, the surveyor-general, has disparticularly one in Moreton Bay, lat. 28 deg. (now named the Brisbane), which he from an eminence for thirty or forty furascended for fifty miles, and saw its course ther. Mr. Bell has discovered a new route over the Blue Mountains to Bathurst, which passes through a fertile, well-watered, bushy country. The veteran corps lately disbanded is to be settled along this line. Travellers may now proceed, by daily stages, to all the well-settled parts of the colony. The bees taken out by have thrown off many swarms, the greater Captain Wallace are thriving well, and part of which have escaped into the woods, where they will multiply fast. The imported olive-trees also flourish. The country is being rapidly cleared by means of the bushels of wheat per acre to make it fit clearing gangs, the farmer paying five for the plough. ANTARCTIC SEAS. The Russian Antarctic expedition discovered two islands within the Antarctic circle, lat. 69, the only land hitherto known to exist so far to the southward. Both of them were so completely enveloped in ice, that no particular examina The first stone of the new Sanscrit Col- tion of them could be made. LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. THEOLOGY. The Religious Instruction of the Slaves in the West India Colonies advocated; a Sermon, by the Rev. R. Watson. The profits to be devoted to the West-Indian Wesleyan Missions. CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 272. Early Piety exemplified in a brief Memoir of Miss Mabbs; by the Rev. J. Thornton. 18mo. Is. Massillon's Thoughts, arranged under distinct heads; from the French, by R. Morris. 12mo. 5s. 3 Y Five Sermons on the Errors of the Roman Catholic Church, preached in St. Peter's Church, Dublin; by the Rev. Robert Maturin. 8vo. 5s. Bibliotheca Biblica, or a Select List of Books on Sacred Literature, with Notices biographical, critical, and bibliographical, intended as a guide to the most useful writers on biblical subjects; by W. Orme. Ingenuous Scruples, chiefly relating to the Observance of the Sabbath, answered; by A. C. Mant. Post 8vo. 5s. MISCELLANEOUS. Tours to the British Mountains; by T. Wilkinson. 8vo. 8s. 6d. A Tour in Germany and Austria. 8vo. 16s. Durham and its Environs. 12mb. 4s. A Tour in Asia Minor; by W. M. Leake, F.R.S. 8vo. 18s. The Monumental Remains of Eminent Persons; comprising the Sepulchral Antiquities of Great Britain; by E. Blore, F.S.A. 8vo. 12s. 6d. each Part. An Account of the Bell-Rock LightHouse; by R. Stevenson, F.R.S.E. Royal 4to. 51. 5s. Life of R. Wilson, R. A.; by J. Wright. 4to. 11. 7s. The Paidophilean System of Education applied to the French Language; by J. Black. 2 vols. 12mo. 6s. 6d. Advice to young Mothers on the Physical Education of Children. 12mo. 7s. 6d. British Galleries of Painting and Sculpture; by C. M. Westmacott. 8vo. The South Sea Islands and the Sandwich Islands. 2 vols. 18mo. with 26 coloured engravings. 12s. Memoirs of the Court of Henry the Great. 2 vols. 8vo. 1. 4s. Memoirs of Jeanne D'Arc. 2 vols. 8vo. Venice under the Yoke of France and of Austria. 2 vols. 8vo. 1. Is. The Stream of History to the year 1824. 17. 16s. coloured, on rollers. North's Discourse on the Laws of England. Small 8vo. 6s. 6d. A Glossary, or Collection of Words, Phrases, and Allusions; by R. Nares, A. M. F.R.S. &c. 4to. 21. 15s. A Treatise on Optics; by the Rev. H. Coddington, M. A. 8vo. 8s. Reports of the Secretaries of State of the Republic of Colombia, presented to the First Constitutional Congress in the year 1823. 8vo. An Inquiry into the Principles of the Distribution of Wealth; by W. Thomp son. 8vo. 14s. Is the System of Slavery sanctioned or condemned by Scripture? with two Essays upon the State of the Canaanite and Philistine Bondsmen under the Jewish Theocracy. 8vo. 3s. Letters from North America, written during a Tour in the United States and Canada; by A. Hodgson. 2 vols. 24s. Our readers will recognise in Mr. Hodgson's publication the very interesting series of letters which appeared in our volumes for 1822 and 1823, with notes and additions. They had been republished from our pages in the United States, and numerous requests had been made to the author for their republication in this country. RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE. INFANT-SCHOOL SOCIETY. We have great pleasure in laying before our readers the following particulars respecting the formation and plans of the Infant-School Society. The Infant-School Society has been formed to promote the establishment of schools, or rather asylums, for the children of the poor, before the age at which they are capable of engaging in any profitable employment, or at which they may be received into other schools. The proper objects of the society's care, therefore, are children of both sexes, from two to six years of age. Children of this age generally prove, during the working hours of the day, a heavy incumbrance on parents who are obliged to toil hard for a subsistence. One of the society's objects is to lighten the pressure of this inconvenience, and to leave the parents, and particularly the mother, more fully at liberty to pursue some gainful occupation for the common benefit of the family. So convinced are the poor themselves of the advantage of this kind of relief, that in numerous instances Dames'-Schools, as they are called, have been established, in which ten, twenty, or thirty infants are placed under the care of an old woman, by whom they are shut up, perhaps in a close apartment, in order "to be kept out of harm's way" while the parents are at work. And for this accommodation parents are willing to pay from two-pence to four-pence a week for each child. The children are left with the dame, and remain under her care, (with the exception, in most cases, of the dinner hour,) until the evening. It is now proposed to form Infant Schools, which shall be capable of receiving from 200 to 300 infants, and which, while they secure the same relief to parents, shall be made subservient to many other purposes, important not only to the children themselves, but through them to their parents, and to the community at large. The plan, is, in the first place, to provide an airy and spacious apartment, with a dry, and, if possible, a large playground attached to it, where, under the eye of a properly selected master and mistress, these infants may pass the hours during which their parents are at work ;and, in the second place, to render this receptacle not a place of irksome restraint and confinement, but a school for the acquisition of habits of cleanliness and decorum, of cheerful and ready subordination, of courtesy, kindness, forbearance, and of abstinence from every thing impure or profane; a scene, in short, at once of activity and amusement, of intellectual improvement and moral discipline. In what degree it has been found possible to attain these ends, those only can adequate ly comprehend who have seen in actual operation the system which it is now proposed to extend more widely. If the period of mere infancy is less fitted, comparatively speaking, for intellectual progress, yet curiosity is even then sufficiently active to enable the superintendant of such an establishment to convey much useful knowledge to his pupils, by means which are calculated to call forth, without oppressing, their faculties. No parent, for example, can be ignorant of the effect produced by pictures, whether of animate or inanimate objects, in engaging the attention and developing the faculties even of very young children. And this is only one of the many modes by which ideas may be communicated to infants, without the necessity either of resorting to any harsh expedients, or of imposing any strain on their faculties. But these first years of life are still more valuable with a view to the formation of the temper and moral character of the future man. No doubt can be entertained, both of the susceptibility of right impressions which belongs to the earliest age, and of the unhappy permanence of those vicious or selfish propensities, and of those peevish or violent tempers, which are then too often contracted, and which, when suffered to expand, lead in after-life to domestic misery,-to profligacy,-and to crime. To counteract such propensities, and to prevent the growth of such tempers, is the prime object of the proposed plan; and it is with a view to this object that the whole frame and discipline of infant schools ought to be regulated. The incidental acquisition of useful knowledge, which cannot fail to accompany this course of early tuition, though in itself a circumstance of no mean value, is but of small account, in comparison with that moral culture, with those habits of self-government, and with those feelings of mutual kindness, which form the characteristic tendencies, and indeed the grand recommendation, of the whole system. In this point of view it is a matter of the highest importance to select superintendants for these schools, who have learned to govern their own tempers; who unite firmness and decision of character, with mildness, patience, forbearance, and kindness of disposition: who are not liable to be moved, either to vehemence, or to peevishness, sharpness, or ill-humour, by the waywardness of the children, or by the various difficulties of their task;whose tone and manner, as well as feelings, shall be uniformly those of parental affection; and who shall be disposed, from a sense of duty, to exercise constant vigilance in marking, and gently counteractacting, every instance the children may exhibit of insubordination or disobedience towards their teachers, or of fretfulness, selfishness, unkindness, or violence in their intercourse with each other, and especially in their hours of play, which, at that age, must necessarily occupy by far the largest portion of their time. The qualities here stated to be requisite in the masters and mistresses, may deter many benevolent persons from attempting to institute infant schools, under an apprehension that it may prove extremely difficult, if not impossible, to procure suitable instructors; but we are happy to learn, that the past experience of the Infant-School Committee tends to obviate this ground of hesitation and discouragement. Hitherto individuals have easily been engaged to fill these important offices, whose conduct has been perfectly satisfactory; and the Committee see no reason to despair of finding an increasing supply of such superintendants proportioned to the demand for them. The Committee, however, are deeply sensible, and they wish to impress this sentiment on all who may undertake to form infant schools, that it is by instilling into the infant mind the principles of religion that the effects even of the most perfect discipline can be rendered permanent, and that those higher ends can be secured for which man is formed, and which infinitely transcend in importance all the temporal advantages, great as they are, to be derived from education. To produce, therefore, in the minds of the |